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Identification of Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1) Overexpressed in Lung Cancer Cells, and Internalization of Magnetic Au-CoFe2O4 Core-Shell Nanoparticles Functionalized with Its Ligand in a Cellular Model of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081715. [PMID: 36015341 PMCID: PMC9413248 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is, currently, one of the main malignancies causing deaths worldwide. To date, early prognostic and diagnostic markers for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) have not been systematically and clearly identified, so most patients receive standard treatment. In the present study, we combine quantitative proteomics studies and the use of magnetic core-shell nanoparticles (mCSNP’s), first to identify a marker for lung cancer, and second to functionalize the nanoparticles and their possible application for early and timely diagnosis of this and other types of cancer. In the present study, we used label-free mass spectrometry in combination with an ion-mobility approach to identify 220 proteins with increased abundance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines. Our attention was focused on cell receptors for their potential application as mCSNP’s targets; in this work, we report the overexpression of Transferrin Receptor (TfR1) protein, also known as Cluster of Differentiation 71 (CD71) up to a 30-fold increase with respect to the control cell. The kinetics of endocytosis, evaluated by a flow cytometry methodology based on fluorescence quantification, demonstrated that receptors were properly activated with the transferrin supported on the magnetic core-shell nanoparticles. Our results are important in obtaining essential information for monitoring the disease and/or choosing better treatments, and this finding will pave the way for future synthesis of nanoparticles including chemotherapeutic drugs for lung cancer treatments.
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Gao H, Wu P, Song P, Kang B, Xu JJ, Chen HY. The video-rate imaging of sub-10 nm plasmonic nanoparticles in a cellular medium free of background scattering. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3017-3024. [PMID: 34164070 PMCID: PMC8179381 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04764c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles (e.g., gold, silver) have attracted much attention for biological sensing and imaging as promising nanoprobes. Practical biomedical applications demand small gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with a comparable size to quantum dots and fluorescent proteins. Very small nanoparticles with a size below the Rayleigh limit (usually <30-40 nm) are hard to see by light scattering using a dark-field microscope, especially within a cellular medium. A photothermal microscope is able to detect very small nanoparticles, down to a few nanometers, but the imaging speed is usually too slow (minutes to hours) to image living cell processes. Here an absorption modulated scattering microscopy (AMSM) method is presented, which allows for the imaging of sub-10 nm Au NPs within a cellular medium. The unique physical mechanism of AMSM offers the remarkable ability to remove the light scattering background of the cellular component. In addition to having a sensitivity comparable to that of photothermal microscopy, AMSM has a much higher imaging speed, close to the video rate (20 fps), which allows for the dynamic tracking of small nanoparticles in living cells. This AMSM method might be a valuable tool for living cell imaging, using sub-10 nm Au NPs as biological probes, and thereby unlocking many new applications, such as single molecule labeling and the dynamic tracking of molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Pei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Pei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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Detection of Extracellular Vesicle RNA Using Molecular Beacons. iScience 2019; 23:100782. [PMID: 31958756 PMCID: PMC6992906 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as intercellular conveyors of biological information and disease biomarkers. Identification and characterization of RNA species in single EVs are currently challenging. Molecular beacons (MBs) represent an attractive means for detecting specific RNA molecules. Coupling the MBs to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) provides a fast, effective, and membrane-type agnostic means to deliver MBs across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. Here, we generated RBCs-derived EVs by complement activation and tested the ability of MBs coupled with CPP to detect miRNAs from RBC-EVs. Our results showed that RBC and RBC-EVs miRNA-451a can be detected using MB-CPP, and the respective fluorescence levels can be measured by nano-flow cytometry. MB-based detection of RNA via nano-flow cytometry creates a powerful new analytical framework in which a simple addition of a reagent allows profiling of specific RNA species present within certain EV subsets.
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Mahato K, Nagpal S, Shah MA, Srivastava A, Maurya PK, Roy S, Jaiswal A, Singh R, Chandra P. Gold nanoparticle surface engineering strategies and their applications in biomedicine and diagnostics. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:57. [PMID: 30729081 PMCID: PMC6352626 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have found a wide range of biomedical and environmental monitoring applications (viz. drug delivery, diagnostics, biosensing, bio-imaging, theranostics, and hazardous chemical sensing) due to their excellent optoelectronic and enhanced physico-chemical properties. The modulation of these properties is done by functionalizing them with the synthesized AuNPs with polymers, surfactants, ligands, drugs, proteins, peptides, or oligonucleotides for attaining the target specificity, selectivity and sensitivity for their various applications in diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. This review intends to highlight the contribution of such AuNPs in state-of-the-art ventures of diverse biomedical applications. Therefore, a brief discussion on the synthesis of AuNPs has been summarized prior to comprehensive detailing of their surface modification strategies and the applications. Here in, we have discussed various ways of AuNPs functionalization including thiol, phosphene, amine, polymer and silica mediated passivation strategies. Thereafter, the implications of these passivated AuNPs in sensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), bioimaging, drug delivery, and theranostics have been extensively discussed with the a number of illustrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Mahato
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039 Assam India
| | - Sahil Nagpal
- Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mahero Ayesha Shah
- Julius Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Faculty of medicine Uniklinik, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ananya Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031 India
| | - Shounak Roy
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001 India
| | - Amit Jaiswal
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001 India
| | - Renu Singh
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 2004 Folwell Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039 Assam India
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Li YQ, Xu M, Dhawan U, Liu WC, Wu KT, Liu XR, Lin C, Zhao G, Wu YC, Chung RJ. Iron-gold alloy nanoparticles serve as a cornerstone in hyperthermia-mediated controlled drug release for cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5499-5509. [PMID: 30271143 PMCID: PMC6149975 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s163721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of a chemotherapy drug in cancer therapy is highly determined by the ability to control the rate and extent of its release in vivo. However, the lack of techniques to accurately control drug release drastically limits the potency of a chemotherapy drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we present a novel strategy to precisely monitor drug release under magnetic stimulation. Methotrexate (MTX), an anticancer drug, was covalently functionalized onto iron-gold alloy magnetic nanoparticles (Fe-Au alloy nanoparticles or NFAs) through 2-aminoethanethiol grafting and the ability of this drug-nanoparticle conjugate (NFA-MTX) in limiting HepG2 (liver carcinoma) cell growth was studied. Well-dispersed NFAs were prepared through pyrolysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Transmission electron microscopy revealed the average nanoparticle size to be 7.22±2.6 nm, while X-ray diffraction showed distinct 2θ peaks for iron and gold, confirming the presence of iron and gold nanoparticles. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that the amount of NFA-MTX conjugate ingested by HepG2 cancer cells was 1.5 times higher than that ingested by L929 fibroblasts, thereby proving a higher selective ingestion by cancer cells compared to normal cells. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the breakage of Au-S bonds by the heat generated under magnetic field stimulation to release MTX from the NFA-MTX conjugate, triggering a 95% decrease in cellular viability at 100 µg/mL. CONCLUSION The ability of NFA-MTX to dissociate under the influence of an applied magnetic field provides a new strategy to induce cancer cell death via hyperthermia. Applications in drug delivery, drug development, and cancer research are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qian Li
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Udesh Dhawan
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wai-Ching Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,
| | - Kou-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,
| | - Xin-Rui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chingpo Lin
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chuan Wu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,
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Liu Z, Zhao F, Gao S, Shao J, Chang H. The Applications of Gold Nanoparticle-Initialed Chemiluminescence in Biomedical Detection. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:460. [PMID: 27757942 PMCID: PMC5069210 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence technique as a novel detection method has gained much attention in recent years owning to the merits of high sensitivity, wider linear ranges, and low background signal. Similarly, nanotechnology especially for gold nanoparticles has emerged as detection tools due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Recently, it has become increasingly popular to couple gold nanoparticles with chemiluminescence technique in biological agents' detection. In this review, we describe the superiority of both chemiluminescence and gold nanoparticles and conclude the different applications of gold nanoparticle-initialed chemiluminescence in biomedical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Liu
- Stake Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Stake Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 China
| | - Shandian Gao
- Stake Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 China
| | - Junjun Shao
- Stake Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- Stake Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 China
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Synthesis and Characterization of Asparaginase Bound Silver Nanocomposite Against Ovarian Cancer Cell Line A2780 and Lung Cancer Cell Line A549. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-016-0448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gold nanoparticles provide bright long-lasting vascular contrast for CT imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 200:1347-51. [PMID: 23701074 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.8933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Iodinated contrast agent for CT has a short half-life in the vasculature. As the field of interventional procedures expands, a more durable contrast agent would be highly useful. Our study investigated whether gold nanoparticles are feasible as a long-lasting vascular contrast agent for CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified Turkevich method, coated with methoxy-polyethylene glycol-thiol chains, and compared with an iodine-based contrast agent used in mice. Contrast agents were imaged in tubes by CT at 40, 60, and 140 kVp and then were tested in vivo by tail vein injection. Nine mice received gold nanoparticles, two received iodine-based contrast agent, and one received saline. CT of mice was performed at 60 kVp immediately, 6 hours, and 24 hours after injection. RESULTS In an isolated form in tubes, gold nanoparticles had greater radiographic density than did iodine-based contrast agent at 40 kVp and were comparable at the other CT voltages. In mice, gold nanoparticles provided bright contrast enhancement that enabled clear visualization of the abdominal aorta and renal arteries, which could not be distinguished without contrast agent. This persisted up to 24 hours, which was the last time point assessed. Contrast enhancement of the vasculature by iodine-based contrast agent was present immediately after injection but had disappeared by 6 hours. CONCLUSION Gold nanoparticles can provide clear and durable contrast enhancement of the vasculature even at 24 hours. These findings merit further study of gold nanoparticles for their potential as a contrast agent in CT and CT-guided interventional procedures.
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Mieszawska AJ, Mulder WJM, Fayad ZA, Cormode DP. Multifunctional gold nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of disease. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:831-47. [PMID: 23360440 DOI: 10.1021/mp3005885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a number of physical properties that make them appealing for medical applications. For example, the attenuation of X-rays by gold nanoparticles has led to their use in computed tomography imaging and as adjuvants for radiotherapy. AuNPs have numerous other applications in imaging, therapy and diagnostic systems. The advanced state of synthetic chemistry of gold nanoparticles offers precise control over physicochemical and optical properties. Furthermore gold cores are inert and are considered to be biocompatible and nontoxic. The surface of gold nanoparticles can easily be modified for a specific application, and ligands for targeting, drugs or biocompatible coatings can be introduced. AuNPs can be incorporated into larger structures such as polymeric nanoparticles or liposomes that deliver large payloads for enhanced diagnostic applications, efficiently encapsulate drugs for concurrent therapy or add additional imaging labels. This array of features has led to the aforementioned applications in biomedical fields, but more recently in approaches where multifunctional gold nanoparticles are used for multiple methods, such as concurrent diagnosis and therapy, so-called theranostics. This review covers basic principles and recent findings in gold nanoparticle applications for imaging, therapy and diagnostics, with a focus on reports of multifunctional AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta J Mieszawska
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Imaging Science Laboratories, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Introduction to the Analysis and Risk of Nanomaterials in Environmental and Food Samples. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-56328-6.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Parveen S, Misra R, Sahoo SK. Nanoparticles: a boon to drug delivery, therapeutics, diagnostics and imaging. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 8:147-66. [PMID: 21703993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Drug delivery is an interdisciplinary and independent field of research and is gaining the attention of pharmaceutical researchers, medical doctors and industry. A safe and targeted drug delivery could improve the performance of some classic medicines already on the market, and moreover, will have implications for the development and success of new therapeutic strategies such as anticancer drug delivery, peptide and protein delivery and gene therapy. In the last decade, several drug-delivery technologies have emerged and a fascinating part of this field is the development of nanoscale drug delivery devices. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed as an important strategy to deliver conventional drugs, recombinant proteins, vaccines and more recently, nucleotides. NPs and other colloidal drug-delivery systems modify the kinetics, body distribution and drug release of an associated drug. This review article focuses on the potential of nanotechnology in medicine and discusses different nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems including polymeric NPs, ceramic NPs, magnetic NPs, polymeric micelles and dendrimers as well as their applications in therapeutics, diagnostics and imaging. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This comprehensive review focuses on different nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems including polymeric NPs, ceramic NPs, magnetic NPs, polymeric micelles and dendrimers as well as their applications in therapeutics, diagnostics and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphiya Parveen
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
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Farré M, Sanchís J, Barceló D. Analysis and assessment of the occurrence, the fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gibbs-Flournoy EA, Bromberg PA, Hofer TPJ, Samet JM, Zucker RM. Darkfield-confocal microscopy detection of nanoscale particle internalization by human lung cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:2. [PMID: 21247485 PMCID: PMC3033333 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concerns over the health effects of nanomaterials in the environment have created a need for microscopy methods capable of examining the biological interactions of nanoparticles (NP). Unfortunately, NP are beyond the diffraction limit of resolution for conventional light microscopy (~200 nm). Fluorescence and electron microscopy techniques commonly used to examine NP interactions with biological substrates have drawbacks that limit their usefulness in toxicological investigation of NP. EM is labor intensive and slow, while fluorescence carries the risk of photobleaching the sample and has size resolution limits. In addition, many relevant particles lack intrinsic fluorescence and therefore can not be detected in this manner. To surmount these limitations, we evaluated the potential of a novel combination of darkfield and confocal laser scanning microscopy (DF-CLSM) for the efficient 3D detection of NP in human lung cells. The DF-CLSM approach utilizes the contrast enhancements of darkfield microscopy to detect objects below the diffraction limit of 200 nm based on their light scattering properties and interfaces it with the power of confocal microscopy to resolve objects in the z-plane. Results Validation of the DF-CLSM method using fluorescent polystyrene beads demonstrated spatial colocalization of particle fluorescence (Confocal) and scattered transmitted light (Darkfield) along the X, Y, and Z axes. DF-CLSM imaging was able to detect and provide reasonable spatial locations of 27 nm TiO2 particles in relation to the stained nuclei of exposed BEAS 2B cells. Statistical analysis of particle proximity to cellular nuclei determined a significant difference between 5 min and 2 hr particle exposures suggesting a time-dependant internalization process. Conclusions DF-CLSM microscopy is an alternative to current conventional light and electron microscopy methods that does not rely on particle fluorescence or contrast in electron density. DF-CLSM is especially well suited to the task of establishing the spatial localization of nanoparticles within cells, a critical topic in nanotoxicology. This technique has advantages to 2D darkfield microscopy as it visualizes nanoparticles in 3D using confocal microscopy. Use of this technique should aid toxicological studies related to observation of NP interactions with biological endpoints at cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Gibbs-Flournoy
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Lukianova-Hleb EY, Koneva II, Oginsky AO, La Francesca S, Lapotko DO. Selective and self-guided micro-ablation of tissue with plasmonic nanobubbles. J Surg Res 2010; 166:e3-13. [PMID: 21176913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accuracy, selectivity, and safety of surgical and laser methods for tissue elimination are often limited at microscale. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a novel agent, the plasmonic nanobubble (PNB), for optically guided selective elimination of the target tissue with micrometer precision. PNBs were tested in vitro in the two different models of superficial tumors and vascular plaques. RESULTS PNBs were selectively generated around gold nanoparticles (delivered to the target tissues) with short laser pulses. Monolayers of cancerous cells and atherosclerotic plaque tissue were eliminated with PNBs with micrometer accuracy and without thermal and mechanical damage to collateral normal tissues. The effect of the PNB was dynamically controlled through the fluence of laser pulses (532 nm, duration 0.5 and 10 ns) and was guided through the optical scattering by PNB. CONCLUSIONS Plasmonic nanobubbles were shown to provide precise, tunable, selective, and guided ablation of tissue at a microscopic level and could be employed as a new generation of surgical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Y Lukianova-Hleb
- Joint American-Belarusian Laboratory for Fundamental and Biomedical Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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