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Abstract
The reality of life in modern times is that our internal circadian rhythms are often out of alignment with the light/dark cycle of the external environment. This is known as circadian disruption, and a wealth of epidemiological evidence shows that it is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease remains the top cause of death in the United States, and kidney disease in particular is a tremendous public health burden that contributes to cardiovascular deaths. There is an urgent need for new treatments for kidney disease; circadian rhythm-based therapies may be of potential benefit. The goal of this Review is to summarize the existing data that demonstrate a connection between circadian rhythm disruption and renal impairment in humans. Specifically, we will focus on chronic kidney disease, lupus nephritis, hypertension, and aging. Importantly, the relationship between circadian dysfunction and pathophysiology is thought to be bidirectional. Here we discuss the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying circadian dysfunction in diseases of the kidney. Finally, we provide a brief overview of potential circadian rhythm-based interventions that could provide benefit in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mohandas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
| | | | - Yogesh Scindia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine.,Department of Pathology, and
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Davidson A. Renal Mononuclear Phagocytes in Lupus Nephritis. ACR Open Rheumatol 2021; 3:442-450. [PMID: 34060247 PMCID: PMC8280821 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal mononuclear phagocytes are a highly pleiotropic group of immune cells of myeloid origin that play multiple protective and pathogenic roles in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, repair, and fibrosis. Infiltration of kidneys with these cells is a hallmark of lupus nephritis and is associated with more severe disease and with increased risk of progression to end‐stage renal disease. This review presents current knowledge of the diversity of these cells and their involvement in kidney inflammation and resolution and describes how they contribute to the chronic inflammation of lupus nephritis. A better understanding of the subset heterogeneity and diverse functions of mononuclear phagocytes in the lupus nephritis kidney should provide fertile ground for the development of new therapeutic approaches that promote the differentiation and survival of protective subsets while targeting pathogenic cell subsets that cause inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Davidson
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
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mTOR inhibitor INK128 attenuates systemic lupus erythematosus by regulating inflammation-induced CD11b +Gr1 + cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1-13. [PMID: 30292636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by systemic chronic inflammation that can affect multiple major organ systems. Although the etiology of SLE is known to involve a variety of factors such as the environment, random factors and genetic susceptibility, the exact role of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells in lupus progression is not fully understood. Myeloid-derived CD11b+Gr1+ cells are thought to be a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells with immune function. Some studies have reported that CD11b+Gr1+ cells and the activation of mTOR pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, it is still not clarified about the mechanism of influence of lupus microenvironment and mTOR signaling on CD11b+Gr1+ cells. In the present study, we found that the percentage of CD11b+Gr1+ cells increased prior to the abnormal changes of Th17, Treg, T and B cells during lupus development. TLR7 and IFN-α signaling synergized to promote CD11b+Gr1+ cell accumulation in an mTOR-dependent manner. Moreover, compared to a traditional mTOR inhibitor, INK128 inhibited more effectively the disease activity via regulating CD11b+Gr1+ cell expansion and functions. Furthermore, TLR7/IFN-α-modified CD11b+Gr1+ cells promoted unbalance of Th17/Tregs and were inclined to differentiate into macrophages via the mTOR pathway. In conclusion, CD11b+Gr1+ cells increased in the early stages of the lupus progression and mTOR pathway was critical for CD11b+Gr1+ cells in lupus development, suggesting the changes of inflammation-induced CD11b+Gr1+ cells initate lupus development. We also provide evidence for the first time that INK128, a second generation mTOR inhibitor, has a good therapeutic action on lupus development by regulating CD11b+Gr1+ cells.
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Su B, Ye H, You X, Ni H, Chen X, Li L. Icariin alleviates murine lupus nephritis via inhibiting NF-κB activation pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Life Sci 2018; 208:26-32. [PMID: 30146016 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Lupus nephritis (LN) is a kidney inflammatory disease caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both NF-κB activation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are implicated in LN pathogenesis, suggesting they are potential targets for LN treatment. Icariin, which is isolated from Chinese medicine Horny Goat Weed (Ying Yang Huo), has been shown to have anti-inflammation activity, and inhibit activations of both NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. In present study, the effects of icariin on LN were evaluated in MRL/lpr mice. MAIN METHODS We treated MRL/lpr mice with icariin for 8 weeks and then analyzed the renal function and kidney pathology. We monitored the levels of anti-dsDNA antibody and the deposition of immune complex after icariin treatment. We also detected the macrophage infiltration, NF-κB activation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokine TNF-α production in MRL/lpr mice after icariin treatment. KEY FINDINGS We found that MRL/lpr mice treated with icariin displayed significantly attenuated the renal disease. Icariin-treated mice showed significantly reduced serum anti-dsDNA antibody level and immune complex deposition. Icariin inhibited NF-κB activation and TNF-α production in MRL/lpr mice. Icariin inhibited CCL2 production and macrophage infiltration in MRL/lpr mice. Finally, icariin suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in MRL/lpr mice. SIGNIFICANCE Icariin alleviated murine lupus nephritis via inhibiting NF-κB activation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bofeng Su
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaohan You
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Haizhen Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xuduan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China
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Chalmers SA, Wen J, Shum J, Doerner J, Herlitz L, Putterman C. CSF-1R inhibition attenuates renal and neuropsychiatric disease in murine lupus. Clin Immunol 2016; 185:100-108. [PMID: 27570219 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease that can affect multiple end organs. Kidney and brain are two of the organs most commonly involved in SLE. Past studies have suggested the importance of macrophages in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Furthermore, as the immune effectors of the brain, microglia have been implicated in pathways leading to neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). We depleted macrophages and microglia using GW2580, a small colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) kinase inhibitor, in MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice, a classic murine lupus model that displays features of both LN and NPSLE. Treatment was initiated before the onset of disease, and mice were followed for the development of LN and neurobehavioral dysfunction throughout the study. Treatment with GW2580 significantly ameliorated kidney disease, as evidenced by decreased proteinuria, BUN, and improved renal histopathology, despite equivalent levels of IgG and C3 deposition in the kidneys of treated and control mice. We were able to confirm macrophage depletion within the kidney via IBA-1 staining. Furthermore, we observed specific improvement in the depression-like behavioral deficit of MRL/lpr mice with GW2580 treatment. Circulating antibody and autoantibody levels were, however, not affected. These results provide additional support for the role of macrophages as a potentially valuable therapeutic target in SLE. Inhibiting CSF-1 receptor signaling would be more targeted than current immunosuppressive therapies, and may hold promise for the treatment of renal and neuropsychiatric end organ disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Chalmers
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jing Wen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Justine Shum
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Doerner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Leal Herlitz
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Therapeutic Blockade of Immune Complex-Mediated Glomerulonephritis by Highly Selective Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26164. [PMID: 27192942 PMCID: PMC4872164 DOI: 10.1038/srep26164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a potentially dangerous end organ pathology that affects upwards of 60% of lupus patients. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is important for B cell development, Fc receptor signaling, and macrophage polarization. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel, highly selective and potent BTK inhibitor, BI-BTK-1, in an inducible model of LN in which mice receive nephrotoxic serum (NTS) containing anti-glomerular antibodies. Mice were treated once daily with vehicle alone or BI-BTK-1, either prophylactically or therapeutically. When compared with control treated mice, NTS-challenged mice treated prophylactically with BI-BTK-1 exhibited significantly attenuated kidney disease, which was dose dependent. BI-BTK-1 treatment resulted in decreased infiltrating IBA-1+ cells, as well as C3 deposition within the kidney. RT-PCR on whole kidney RNA and serum profiling indicated that BTK inhibition significantly decreased levels of LN-relevant inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Renal RNA expression profiling by RNA-seq revealed that BI-BTK-1 dramatically modulated pathways related to inflammation and glomerular injury. Importantly, when administered therapeutically, BI-BTK-1 reversed established proteinuria and improved renal histopathology. Our results highlight the important role for BTK in the pathogenesis of immune complex-mediated nephritis, and BTK inhibition as a promising therapeutic target for LN.
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Chalmers SA, Chitu V, Herlitz LC, Sahu R, Stanley ER, Putterman C. Macrophage depletion ameliorates nephritis induced by pathogenic antibodies. J Autoimmun 2014; 57:42-52. [PMID: 25554644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney involvement affects 40-60% of patients with lupus, and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Using depletion approaches, several studies have suggested that macrophages may play a key role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. However, "off target" effects of macrophage depletion, such as altered hematopoiesis or enhanced autoantibody production, impeded the determination of a conclusive relationship. In this study, we investigated the role of macrophages in mice receiving rabbit anti-glomerular antibodies, or nephrotoxic serum (NTS), an experimental model which closely mimics the immune complex mediated disease seen in murine and human lupus nephritis. GW2580, a selective inhibitor of the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor kinase, was used for macrophage depletion. We found that GW2580-treated, NTS challenged mice did not develop the increased levels of proteinuria, serum creatinine, and BUN seen in control-treated, NTS challenged mice. NTS challenged mice exhibited significantly increased kidney expression of inflammatory cytokines including RANTES, IP-10, VCAM-1 and iNOS, whereas GW2580-treated mice were protected from the robust expression of these inflammatory cytokines that are associated with lupus nephritis. Quantification of macrophage related gene expression, flow cytometry analysis of kidney single cell suspensions, and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the depletion of macrophages in GW2580-treated mice, specifically within renal glomeruli. Our results strongly implicate a specific and necessary role for macrophages in the development of immune glomerulonephritis mediated by pathogenic antibodies, and support the development of macrophage targeting approaches for the treatment of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Chalmers
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Violeta Chitu
- The Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Leal C Herlitz
- Department of Pathology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ranjit Sahu
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - E Richard Stanley
- The Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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