Introduction to the field of enzyme immobilization and stabilization

Resin supported acyl carrier protein labeling strategies

The post-translational modifying enzymes phophopantetheinyl transferase and acyl carrier protein hydrolase have shown utility in the functional modification of acyl carrier proteins. Here we develop these tools as immobilized biocatalysts on agarose supports. New utility is imparted through these methods, enabling rapid and label-independent protein purification. Immobilization of acyl carrier protein is also demonstrated for rapid activity assays of these 4'-phosophopantetheine modifying enzymes, displaying a particular advantage in the case of phosphopantetheine removal, where few orthogonal techniques have been demonstrated. These tools further enrich the suite of functional utility of 4'-phosophopantetheine chemistry, with applications to protein functionalization, materials, and natural product biosynthetic studies.

Cascadic multienzyme reaction-based electrochemical biosensors

: Since the first glucose biosensor was developed by Clark and Lyons, there have been great efforts to develop effective enzyme biosensors for wide applications. Those efforts are closely related to the enhancement of biosensor performance, including sensitivity improvement, elevation of selectivity, and extension of the range of analytes that may be determined. Introduction of a cascadic multienzyme reaction to the electrochemical biosensor is one of those efforts. By employing more than two enzymes to the biosensor, its sensitivity and accuracy can be enhanced. Also, the narrow application range that is a typical limitation of single enzyme-based biosensor can be overcome. This chapter will discuss the fundamental principles for the development of cascadic multienzyme reaction-based electrochemical biosensors and their applications in clinical and environmental fields.