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Guan L, Zhang L, Gong D, Li P, Zhu S, Tang J, Du M, Zhang M, Zou Y. Genipin improves obesity through promoting bile secretion and changing bile acids composition in diet-induced obese rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 76:897-907. [PMID: 38727186 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bile acids (BAs), as signaling molecules to regulate metabolism, have received considerable attention. Genipin is an iridoid compound extracted from Fructus Gradeniae, which has been shown to relieve adiposity and metabolic syndrome. Here, we investigated the mechanism of genipin counteracting obesity and its relationship with BAs signals in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. METHODS The DIO rats were received intraperitoneal injections of genipin for 10 days. The body weight, visceral fat, lipid metabolism in the liver, thermogenic genes expressions in brown fat, BAs metabolism and signals, and key enzymes for BAs synthesis were determined. KEY FINDINGS Genipin inhibited fat synthesis and promoted lipolysis in the liver, and upregulated thermogenic gene expressions in brown adipose tissue of DIO rats. Genipin increased bile flow rate and upregulated the expressions of aquaporin 8 and the transporters of BAs in liver. Furthermore, genipin changed BAs composition by promoting alternative pathways and inhibiting classical pathways for BAs synthesis and upregulated the expressions of bile acid receptors synchronously. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that genipin ameliorate obesity through BAs-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guan
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Dezheng Gong
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Jiulan Tang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Man Du
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Maokun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
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2
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YAMAGISHI N, KYOUI D, MORIYA N, AOKI-YOSHIDA A, GOTO T, TOYODA A, IPPOUSHI K, MAEDA-YAMAMOTO M, TAKAYAMA Y, SUZUKI C. Effects of subchronic and mild social defeat stress on the intestinal microbiota and fecal bile acid composition in mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:260-266. [PMID: 38966043 PMCID: PMC11220325 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in both the pathogenesis and alleviation of host depression by modulating the brain-gut axis. We have developed a murine model of human depression called the subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) model, which impacts not only behavior but also the host gut microbiota and gut metabolites, including bile acids. In this study, we utilized liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to explore the effects of sCSDS on the mouse fecal bile acid profile. sCSDS mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) in fecal extracts, leading to a notable increase in total bile acids and 7α-dehydroxylated secondary bile acids. Consequently, a noteworthy negative correlation was identified between the abundances of DCA and LCA and the social interaction score, an indicator of susceptibility in stressed mice. Furthermore, analysis of the colonic microbiome unveiled a negative correlation between the abundance of CDCA and Turicibacter. Additionally, DCA and LCA exhibited positive correlations with Oscillospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae but negative correlations with the Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. These findings suggest that sCSDS impacts the bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and bile acids and is associated with reduced social interaction, a behavioral indicator of susceptibility in stressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko YAMAGISHI
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical
University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Daisuke KYOUI
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa,
Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Naoko MORIYA
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Ayako AOKI-YOSHIDA
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko GOTO
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical
University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University
of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki
300-0393 Japan
| | - Atsushi TOYODA
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki
300-0393 Japan
- Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and
Medical Science (IUCAM), Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo
University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiharu TAKAYAMA
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
- Institute of Food Research, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642
Japan
| | - Chise SUZUKI
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa,
Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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3
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Li N, Zhang X, Li M, Liu M, Jin Y, Xu H. Simultaneous determination of UDCA and its major metabolites in human plasma with surrogate matrix by a rapid and specific LC-MS/MS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1223:123726. [PMID: 37148852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, convenient, and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and its major metabolites, glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in human plasma. Methanol was chosen as surrogate matrix for preparation the calibrators to establish calibration curves. Isotope internal standard was used for each analyte. After plasma samples were deproteinized with methanol, the post-treatment samples were analyzed on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) with 2 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) employing negative ESI interface using API5500 triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer system, with the transitions set at m/z 391.4 → m/z 391.4, m/z 448.3 → m/z 73.9, m/z 498.4 → m/z 80.1, m/z 395.3 → m/z 395.3, m/z 453.3 → m/z 74.0, and m/z 503.2 → m/z 79.9 for UDCA, GUDCA, TUDCA, UDCA-d4, GUDCA-d5, and TUDCA-d5, respectively. The calibration curve ranges were 5.00-2500 ng/mL for UDCA and GUDCA and 0.500-250 ng/mL for TUDCA. The intra- and inter-day precision was within 7.00% in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD%) and the accuracy within 11.75% in terms of relative error. The selectivity, sensitivity, extraction recovery, matrix effect, dilution reliability, and stability were within the acceptable range. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in 12 healthy Chinese volunteers after oral administration of 250 mg UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Liu H, Kohmoto O, Sakaguchi A, Hori S, Tochigi M, Tada K, Lee Y, Kikuchi K, Ishizuka S. Taurocholic acid, a primary 12α-hydroxylated bile acid, induces leakiness in the distal small intestine in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113136. [PMID: 35584729 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat diet increases 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acid (BA) secretion in rats, and secondary BAs are responsible for the leaky gut. This study aimed to examine the role of primary 12αOH BAs in gut barrier impairment in rats using dietary cholic acid (CA) supplementation (0.5 g/kg diet). The CA diet increased the 12αOH BAs concentrations in the small and large intestine, accompanied by gut barrier impairment. Based on the luminal 12αOH BAs concentrations, ex vivo gut leakiness was determined. Deoxycholic acid increased permeability in the large intestine, whereas taurocholic acid (TCA) increased the ileal permeability, but not jejunal permeability. A Rho kinase inhibitor attenuated TCA-induced ileal permeability. Administration of vancomycin, which abolishes secondary BAs, did not influence the gut leakiness induced by the CA diet. Changes in the gut permeation marker in the tail vein blood suggested the possibility that the CA-induced leakiness occurred in the small intestine. The CA diet enhanced the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 and reduced claudins expressions in rat ileal epithelia. Reductions in barrier function-related genes were observed in the ileum, but not in the colon of the CA-fed rats. Overall, the present study demonstrated the significance of TCA in proximal gut leakiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Liu
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ohji Kohmoto
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ayana Sakaguchi
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shota Hori
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Misuzu Tochigi
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Koji Tada
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Keidai Kikuchi
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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5
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Dietary raffinose ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation induced by cholic acid via modulation of enterohepatic bile acid circulation in rats. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1621-1630. [PMID: 34256877 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterohepatic circulation of 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acid (BA) is enhanced depending on the energy intake in high-fat diet-fed rats. Such BA metabolism can be reproduced using a diet supplemented with cholic acid (CA), which also induces simple steatosis, without inflammation and fibrosis, accompanied by some other symptoms that are frequently observed in the condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. We investigated whether supplementation of the diet with raffinose (Raf) improves hepatic lipid accumulation induced by the CA-fed condition in rats. After acclimation to the AIN-93-based control diet, male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with a combination of Raf (30 g/kg diet) and/or CA (0·5 g/kg diet) for 4 weeks. Dietary Raf normalised hepatic TAG levels (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·02 for Raf and P = 0·004 for interaction) in the CA-supplemented diet-fed rats. Dietary Raf supplementation reduced hepatic 12αOH BA concentration (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·003 for Raf and P = 0·03 for interaction). The concentration of 12αOH BA was reduced in the aortic and portal plasma. Raf supplementation increased acetic acid concentration in the caecal contents (two-way ANOVA P = 0·001 as a main effect). Multiple regression analysis revealed that concentrations of aortic 12αOH BA and caecal acetic acid could serve as predictors of hepatic TAG concentration (R2 = 0·55, P < 0·001). However, Raf did not decrease the secondary 12αOH BA concentration in the caecal contents as well as the transaminase activity in the CA diet-fed rats. These results imply that dietary Raf normalises hepatic lipid accumulation via suppression of enterohepatic 12αOH BA circulation.
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6
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Xiong F, Chen S, Jakovlić I, Li W, Li M, Zou H, Wang G, Wu S. The Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Regulating the Metabolism of Bile Acids Is Conserved Across Vertebrates. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:824611. [PMID: 35242120 PMCID: PMC8887563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.824611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, bile acid (BA) concentrations are regulated largely by the gut microbiota, and a study has shown that some metabolic responses to the gut microbiota are conserved between zebrafish and mice. However, it remains unknown whether the influence of specific intestinal microbes on BA metabolism is conserved between higher and lower vertebrates (i.e., mammals and fish). In the present study, Citrobacter freundii GC01 isolated from the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) intestine was supplemented to the fish and mice feed. We found the changes in the bile acid profile, especially significant changes in secondary BAs in both grass carp and mice fed on C. freundii. Also, lipid metabolism was significantly affected by C. freundii. Analysis of liver transcriptome sequencing data and validation by RT-qPCR revealed that the CYP7A1 gene was significantly up-regulated in both grass carp and mice. In addition, the overexpression of HNF4B from grass carp resulted in a significant increase in the expression level of CYP7A1. Generally, our results suggest that the metabolism of BAs by intestinal microbiota is conserved across vertebrates. Furthermore, specific intestinal bacteria may regulate the bile salt synthesis through CYP7A1 and that HNF4B might be an important regulator of BA metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guitang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shangong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhang W, Zhou Y, Xu X, Tian Y, Zhang C. A Time-Resolved-Fluorescence Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid Detection of Cholyglycine Acid for the Diagnosis of Liver Diseases. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease is a great danger to human health. The determination of blood level of Cholyglycine acid (CG) is a vital biomarker for the assessment of liver function in clinic, which is contribute to the diagnosis of liver diseases. Thus, establishing accuracy, rapid and convenient
method for the detection of glycolic acid is of great significance. In this study, a time-resolved-fluorescence (TRF) lateral flow assay for rapid detection of CG was development. The analytical detection limit (mean of zero-2 SD) was 0.06 μg/mL The method showed good linearity in
the range of 0.2–40 g/mL and was not affected by biomolecules with similar structure to CG. The analytical mean recovery of control was between 90–110% and the imprecision of intra- and inter-assay of CVs was less than 10%. No significant matrix effect was observed in saline, serum,
plasma or whole blood. A good correlation was found with the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (HEIA) assay (slopes 1.0463, y-intercepts 0.2721 μg/mL, R = 0.989, n = 50, P < 0.001). The CG TRF analysis could provide reproducible and quantitative information
about the state of liver in a few minutes, which is suitable for the detection of liver diseases in point-of-care-testing (POCT) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Zhou
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Xu
- Beijing Diagreat Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, 101102, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
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8
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Takahashi M, Hamoya T, Narita T, Fujii G, Totsuka Y, Hagio M, Tashiro K, Komiya M, Mutoh M. Complex Modulating Effects of Dietary Calcium Intake on Obese Mice. In Vivo 2021; 35:2107-2114. [PMID: 34182486 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Οverweight and obesity are risk factors for chronic diseases. Dietary calcium has been reported to exert anti-obesity effects. However, the complex modulating effects of calcium intake on obese mice have not been clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of calcium intake on body weight/visceral fat mass were examined in the obese mouse model, KK-Ay Results: Body weight gain decreased in mice fed a diet containing 0.4 to 3.2% calcium at the age of 11 and 13 weeks, but not at 12 weeks after normalization for food intake. Calcium intake also decreased serum insulin levels and increased the amount of feces excreted. Fecal deoxycholate levels were lower in the high-calcium group than in the normal diet control group. Furthermore, the ratio of the deoxycholate-producing microbiome in feces decreased. CONCLUSION Dietary calcium has anti-obesity effects in obese KK-Ay mice. Inhibition of insulin production and an increased amount of feces excreted with calcium intake may affect body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Takahashi
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hamoya
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Narita
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gen Fujii
- Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Totsuka
- Department of Animal Experimentation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Hagio
- Chemistry Division, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tashiro
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushuu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masami Komiya
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan; .,Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Yoshitsugu R, Liu H, Kamo Y, Takeuchi A, Joe GH, Tada K, Kikuchi K, Fujii N, Kitta S, Hori S, Takatsuki M, Iwaya H, Tanaka Y, Shimizu H, Ishizuka S. 12α-Hydroxylated bile acid enhances accumulation of adiponectin and immunoglobulin A in the rat ileum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12939. [PMID: 34155266 PMCID: PMC8217220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that dietary supplementation with cholic acid (CA), the primary 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acid (BA), reduces plasma adiponectin concentration in rats. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of adiponectin in the body of CA-fed rats and its influence on mucosal immunoglobulin A concentration in the intestine. Rats were fed a diet supplemented with or without CA (0.5 g CA/kg diet) for 13 weeks. A reduction in plasma adiponectin level was observed from week 3. At the end of the experiment, the CA diet reduced plasma adiponectin concentration both in the portal and aortic plasma. Accumulation of adiponectin was accompanied by an increase in cadherin-13 mRNA expression in the ileal mucosa of CA-fed rats. No increase was observed in adiponectin mRNA expression in the ileal and adipose tissues of the CA-fed rats. Immunoglobulin A concentration in the ileal mucosa was elevated in the CA-fed rats and was correlated with the ileal adiponectin concentration. 12αOH BAs may modulate mucosal immune response that are involved in the accumulation of adiponectin in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Yoshitsugu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kamo
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Akari Takeuchi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ga-Hyun Joe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.,Research Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Koji Tada
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Keidai Kikuchi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujii
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shinri Kitta
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shota Hori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Manami Takatsuki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwaya
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tanaka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0385, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.,Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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10
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Hori S, Satake M, Kohmoto O, Takagi R, Okada K, Fukiya S, Yokota A, Ishizuka S. Primary 12α-Hydroxylated Bile Acids Lower Hepatic Iron Concentration in Rats. J Nutr 2021; 151:523-530. [PMID: 33438034 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary 12α-hydroxylated bile acids (12αOH BAs) enhance intestinal iron uptake due to their ability ex vivo to chelate iron. However, no information is available on their role in vivo, especially in the liver. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects and mechanisms of primary 12αOH BAs on hepatic iron concentration in vivo. METHODS Male Wistar King A Hokkaido male rats (WKAH/HkmSlc) rats aged 4-5 weeks were fed a control diet or a diet with cholic acid (CA; 0.5 g/kg diet), the primary 12αOH BA, for 2 weeks (Study 1) or 13 weeks (Study 2). In Study 3, rats fed the same diets were given drinking water either alone or containing vancomycin (200 mg/L) for 6 weeks. The variables measured included food intake (Studies 1-3), bile acid profiles (Studies 1 and 3), hepatic iron concentration (Studies 1-3), fecal iron excretion (Studies 1 and 2), iron-related liver gene expression (Studies 2 and 3), and plasma iron-related factors (Studies 2 and 3). RESULTS In Study 1, CA feed reduced the hepatic iron concentration (-16%; P = 0.005) without changing food intake or fecal iron excretion. In Study 2, we found a significant increase in the aortic plasma concentration of lipocalin 2 (LCN2; +65%; P < 0.001), an iron-trafficking protein. In Study 3, we observed no effect of vancomycin treatment on the CA-induced reduction of hepatic iron concentration (-32%; P < 0.001), accompanied by increased plasma LCN2 concentration (+72%; P = 0.003), in the CA-fed rats despite a drastic reduction in the secondary 12αOH BA concentration (-94%; P < 0.001) in the aortic plasma. CONCLUSIONS Primary 12αOH BAs reduced the hepatic iron concentration in rats. LCN2 may be responsible for the hepatic iron-lowering effect of primary 12αOH BAs by transporting iron out of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hori
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Minako Satake
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ohji Kohmoto
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Okada
- Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Fukiya
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokota
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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12α-Hydroxylated bile acid induces hepatic steatosis with dysbiosis in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158811. [PMID: 32896622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to explore the mechanism of the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Steroid metabolism is closely linked to hepatic steatosis and steroids are excreted as bile acids (BAs). Here, we demonstrated that feeding WKAH/HkmSlc inbred rats a diet supplemented with cholic acid (CA) at 0.5 g/kg for 13 weeks induced simple steatosis without obesity. Liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels were increased accompanied by mild elevation of aminotransferase activities. There were no signs of inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, or fibrosis. CA supplementation increased levels of CA and taurocholic acid (TCA) in enterohepatic circulation and deoxycholic acid (DCA) levels in cecum with an increased ratio of 12α-hydroxylated BAs to non-12α-hydroxylated BAs. Analyses of hepatic gene expression revealed no apparent feedback control of BA and cholesterol biosynthesis. CA feeding induced dysbiosis in cecal microbiota with enrichment of DCA producers, which underlines the increased cecal DCA levels. The mechanism of steatosis was increased expression of Srebp1 (positive regulator of liver lipogenesis) through activation of the liver X receptor by increased oxysterols in the CA-fed rats, especially 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βOH) formed by upregulated expression of hepatic Cyp3a2, responsible for 4βOH formation. Multiple regression analyses identified portal TCA and cecal DCA as positive predictors for liver 4βOH levels. The possible mechanisms linking these predictors and upregulated expression of Cyp3a2 are discussed. Overall, our observations highlight the role of 12α-hydroxylated BAs in triggering liver lipogenesis and allow us to explore the mechanisms of hepatic steatosis onset, focusing on cholesterol and BA metabolism.
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12
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Hori S, Abe T, Lee DG, Fukiya S, Yokota A, Aso N, Shirouchi B, Sato M, Ishizuka S. Association between 12α-hydroxylated bile acids and hepatic steatosis in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108412. [PMID: 32534424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-fat (HF) diet induces hepatic steatosis that is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Previously, we found that HF feeding in rats increases the excretion of fecal bile acids (BAs), specifically 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) BAs. Although the liver is the metabolic center in our body, the association between hepatic steatosis and 12αOH BAs in HF-fed rats is unclear. Thus, we investigated extensively BA composition in HF-fed rats and evaluated the association between hepatic steatosis and 12αOH BAs. Acclimated male inbred WKAH/HkmSlc rats were divided into two groups and fed either control or HF diet for 8 weeks. Feeding HF diet increased hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, which correlated positively with 12αOH BAs concentrations but not with non-12αOH BAs in the feces, portal plasma and liver. Accompanied by the increase in 12αOH BAs, the rats fed HF diet showed increased fat absorption and higher mRNA expression of liver Cidea. The enhancement of 12αOH BA secretion may contribute to hepatic steatosis by the promotion of dietary fat absorption and hepatic Cidea mRNA expression. The increase in 12αOH BAs was associated with enhanced liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and sterol 12α-hydroxylase (Cyp8b1) mRNA expression. There was a significant increase in 7α-hydroxycholesterol, a precursor of BAs, in the liver of HF-fed rats. Altogether, these data suggest that the HF diet increases preferentially 12αOH BAs synthesis by utilizing the accumulated hepatic cholesterol and enhancing mRNA expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1 in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hori
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Dong Geun Lee
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoru Fukiya
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokota
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Nao Aso
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Bungo Shirouchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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13
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Hashimoto N, Matsui I, Ishizuka S, Inoue K, Matsumoto A, Shimada K, Hori S, Lee DG, Yasuda S, Katsuma Y, Kajimoto S, Doi Y, Yamaguchi S, Kubota K, Oka T, Sakaguchi Y, Takabatake Y, Hamano T, Isaka Y. Lithocholic acid increases intestinal phosphate and calcium absorption in a vitamin D receptor dependent but transcellular pathway independent manner. Kidney Int 2020; 97:1164-1180. [PMID: 32354638 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate/calcium homeostasis is crucial for health maintenance. Lithocholic acid, a bile acid produced by intestinal bacteria, is an agonist of vitamin D receptor. However, its effects on phosphate/calcium homeostasis remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that lithocholic acid increases intestinal phosphate/calcium absorption in an enterocyte vitamin D receptor-dependent manner. Lithocholic acid was found to increase serum phosphate/calcium levels and thus to exacerbate vascular calcification in animals with chronic kidney disease. Lithocholic acid did not affect levels of intestinal sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2b, Pi transporter-1, -2, or transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 6. Everted gut sac analyses demonstrated that lithocholic acid increased phosphate/calcium absorption in a transcellular pathway-independent manner. Lithocholic acid suppressed intestinal mucosal claudin 3 and occludin in wild-type mice, but not in vitamin D receptor knockout mice. Everted gut sacs of claudin 3 knockout mice showed an increased permeability for phosphate, but not calcium. In patients with chronic kidney disease, serum 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels are decreased, probably as an intrinsic adjustment to reduce phosphate/calcium burden. In contrast, serum and fecal lithocholic acid levels and fecal levels of bile acid 7α-dehydratase, a rate-limiting enzyme involved in lithocholic acid production, were not downregulated. The effects of lithocholic acid were eliminated by bile acid adsorptive resin in mice. Thus, lithocholic acid and claudin 3 may represent novel therapeutic targets for reducing phosphate burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Karin Shimada
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Hori
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dong Geun Lee
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yasuda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Katsuma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachio Kajimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kubota
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Oka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakaguchi
- Department of Inter-Organ Communication Research in Kidney Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Takabatake
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hamano
- Department of Inter-Organ Communication Research in Kidney Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Yoshitsugu R, Kikuchi K, Hori S, Iwaya H, Hagio M, Shimizu H, Hira T, Ishizuka S. Correlation between 12α-hydroxylated bile acids and insulin secretion during glucose tolerance tests in rats fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:9. [PMID: 31941510 PMCID: PMC6964016 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-1193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we found a significant relationship in a rat study between energy intake and bile acid (BA) metabolism especially 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) BAs. The present study was designed to reveal relationships among BA metabolism, glucose tolerance, and cecal organic acids in rats fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFS) by using multivariate and multiple regression analyses in two types of glucose tolerance tests (GTTs). Methods Male WKAH/HkmSlc rats were fed with a control or a HFS for 13 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) were performed at week 9 and 11, respectively. BAs were analyzed by using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Organic acid concentrations in cecal contents were analyzed by using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column pH buffered electric conductivity method. Results A positive correlation of aortic 12αOH BA concentration was observed with energy intake and visceral adipose tissue weight. We found that an increase of 12αOH BAs in enterohepatic circulation, intestinal contents and feces in the HFS-fed rats compared to those in control rats regardless of no significant increase of total BA concentration in the feces in the test period. Fecal 12αOH BA concentration was positively correlated with maximal insulin level in OGTT and area under curve of insulin in IPGTT. There was a positive correlation between aortic 12αOH BAs concentration and changes in plasma glucose level in both OGTT and IPGTT. In contrast, a decrease in the concentration of organic acids was observed in the cecal contents of the HFS-fed rats. Multiple linear regression analysis in the IPGTT revealed that the concentrations of aortic 12αOH BA and cecal acetic acid were the predictors of insulin secretion. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between concentration of portal 12αOH BAs and change in insulin concentration of peripheral blood in the IPGTT. Conclusion The distribution analysis of BA compositions accompanied by GTTs revealed a close relationship between 12αOH BA metabolism and insulin secretion in GTTs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Yoshitsugu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Keidai Kikuchi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shota Hori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwaya
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Masahito Hagio
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- Institute of Life and Environmental Science, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tohru Hira
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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15
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Yoshitsugu R, Kikuchi K, Iwaya H, Fujii N, Hori S, Lee DG, Ishizuka S. Alteration of Bile Acid Metabolism by a High-Fat Diet Is Associated with Plasma Transaminase Activities and Glucose Intolerance in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:45-51. [PMID: 30814411 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of a high-fat (HF) diet is known to enhance bile acid (BA) secretion, but precise information about the BA molecular species is lacking, especially information on the conjugated BAs in enterohepatic circulation. As cholesterol is the precursor of BAs, we analyzed alterations of the entire BA metabolic pathway in response to a HF diet without the addition of cholesterol and BA in the diet. Additionally, we evaluated the relationships between BA metabolism and some disorders, such as plasma transaminase activities and glucose intolerance induced by the HF diet. Acclimated WKAH/HkmSlc male rats (3 wk old) were divided into two groups fed a control or the HF diet for 22 wk. Fasting blood glucose was measured during the experimental period, and an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed at week 21. As a result, ingestion of the HF diet selectively increased the concentration of taurocholic acid in the bile and small intestinal contents as well as deoxycholic acid in the large intestinal contents and feces. These results indicated a selective increase of 12α-hydroxylated BA concentrations in response to the HF diet. Moreover, fecal 12α-hydroxylated BA concentration was positively correlated with cumulative energy intake, visceral adipose tissue weight, and glucose intolerance. The present study suggests that fecal 12α-hydroxylated BA is a non-invasive marker that can detect the early phase of glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Yoshitsugu
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Research Group of Bioscience and Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Keidai Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Research Group of Bioscience and Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Hitoshi Iwaya
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Research Group of Bioscience and Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Nobuyuki Fujii
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Research Group of Bioscience and Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Shota Hori
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Research Group of Bioscience and Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Dong Geun Lee
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Research Group of Bioscience and Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Research Group of Bioscience and Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
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16
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Ghaffarzadegan T, Essén S, Verbrugghe P, Marungruang N, Hållenius FF, Nyman M, Sandahl M. Determination of free and conjugated bile acids in serum of Apoe(-/-) mice fed different lingonberry fractions by UHPLC-MS. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3800. [PMID: 30846721 PMCID: PMC6405994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are known to be involved in cholesterol metabolism but interactions between the diet, BA profiles, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism have not been extensively explored. In the present study, primary and secondary BAs including their glycine and taurine-conjugated forms were quantified in serum of Apoe−/− mice by protein precipitation followed by reversed phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and QTOF mass spectrometry. The mice were fed different lingonberry fractions (whole, insoluble and soluble) in a high-fat setting or cellulose in a high and low-fat setting. Serum concentrations of BAs in mice fed cellulose were higher with the high-fat diet compared to the low-fat diet (20–70%). Among the lingonberry diets, the diet containing whole lingonberries had the highest concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (T-UDCA), α and ω-muricholic acids (MCA) and tauro-α-MCA (T-α-MCA), and the lowest concentration of tauro-cholic acid (T-CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and tauro-deoxycholic acid (T-DCA). The glycine-conjugated BAs were very similar with all diets. CDCA, UDCA and α-MCA correlated positively with Bifidobacterium and Prevotella, and T-UDCA, T-α-MCA and ω-MCA with Bacteroides and Parabacteroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Ghaffarzadegan
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden. .,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Essén
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Phebe Verbrugghe
- Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nittaya Marungruang
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Fåk Hållenius
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Xiong F, Wu SG, Zhang J, Jakovlić I, Li WX, Zou H, Li M, Wang GT. Dietary Bile Salt Types Influence the Composition of Biliary Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota in Grass Carp. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2209. [PMID: 30279683 PMCID: PMC6154720 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism can influence host’s health. There is increasing evidence for interplay between two key regulating factors in lipid metabolism: bile acids (BAs) and gut microbiota. However, very little is known about how types of different diet-supplemented bile salts (BS) influence this interaction in vivo. We sought to explore these relationships using grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), which often suffers functional disorder of liver and gallbladder. We studied fluctuations of BAs in the gall and changes of microbial communities in the gut in response to seven different diets: five different BS, chelating BS agent, and control. The BS comprised two primary BS [sodium taurochololate (TCAS) and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDCAS)], sodium tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCAS), and two secondary BS [sodium taurodeoxycholate (TDCAS) and sodium taurolithocholate (TLCAS)]. Supplementation of primary BS caused a more significant fluctuation of biliary BAs than secondary BS, and TCAS caused a more prominent increase than TCDCAS and TUDCAS. For the gut microbiota, primary BS tended to increase their diversity and induce community succession, secondary BS resulted in a higher firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio, while TUDCAS had no significant effects. Changes of the gut microbiota triggered by different types of BS caused alteration in BAs biotransformation. Two-obesity-associated families, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were positively correlated with biliary cholic acid (CA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), and deoxycholic acid (DCA). As both primary and secondary BS resulted in increased synthesis of toxic secondary Bas by the gut microbiota, future studies should pay closer attention to gut microbiota when considering BA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Gong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Tang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Schauf S, de la Fuente G, Newbold CJ, Salas-Mani A, Torre C, Abecia L, Castrillo C. Effect of dietary fat to starch content on fecal microbiota composition and activity in dogs1. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3684-3698. [PMID: 30060077 PMCID: PMC6127775 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fat is known to modulate the hindgut microbiota in rodents; however, there is no clear evidence on the impact of high-fat diets on canine gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding of diets differing in the amount of ME provided by fat and starch on the composition and activity of canine fecal microbiota. Twelve adult (3 to 7 yr of age) spayed Beagle dogs received a low-fat-high-starch diet (LF-HS; approximately 23%, 42%, and 25% ME provided by fat, starch, and CP, respectively) and a high-fat-low-starch diet (HF-LS; approximately 43%, 22%, and 25% ME provided by fat, starch, and CP, respectively) following a 2-period crossover arrangement. The higher amount of fat in the HF-LS diet was provided by lard, whereas the higher amount of starch in the LF-HS diet was provided primarily by maize and broken rice. Each period lasted 7 wk and included 4 wk for diet adaptation. Dogs were fed to meet their daily energy requirements (set at 480 kJ ME/kg BW0.75). Fecal samples were collected on weeks 5 and 6 of each period for the analysis of bacterial richness, diversity, and composition [by Ion-Torrent next-generation sequencing], bile acids, ammonia, and VFA. Additional fecal samples were collected from four dogs per diet and period to use as inocula for in vitro fermentation using xylan and pectin as substrates. Gas production was measured at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h of incubation. On week 7, blood samples were collected at 0- and 180-min postfeeding for the analysis of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Feeding the HF-LS diet led to a greater (P < 0.05) fecal bile acid concentration compared with the LF-HS diet. Bacterial richness and diversity did not differ between diets (P > 0.10). However, dogs showed a lower relative abundance of Prevotella (P < 0.01), Solobacterium (P < 0.05), and Coprobacillus (P ˂ 0.05) when fed of the HF-LS diet. Fecal ammonia and VFA contents were not affected by diet (P > 0.10). Relative to the LF-HS diet, in vitro fermentation of xylan using feces of dogs fed the HF-LS diet produced less gas at 6 h (P < 0.01) and 9 h (P < 0.05). Blood LPS did not increase at 180-min postfeeding with either diet (P < 0.10). These findings indicate that feeding a HF-LS diet to dogs does not affect bacterial diversity or fermentative end products in feces, but may have a negative impact on Prevotella and xylan fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Schauf
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Food Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel de la Fuente
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Charles J Newbold
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK
- Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Salas-Mani
- Research and Development Department, Affinity Petcare, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celina Torre
- Research and Development Department, Affinity Petcare, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Abecia
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carlos Castrillo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Food Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Watanabe M, Fukiya S, Yokota A. Comprehensive evaluation of the bactericidal activities of free bile acids in the large intestine of humans and rodents. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1143-1152. [PMID: 28404640 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m075143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to functioning as detergents that aid digestion of dietary lipids in the intestine, some bile acids have been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity. However, detailed information on the bactericidal activities of the diverse molecular species of bile acid in humans and rodents is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the toxicity of 14 typical human and rodent free bile acids (FBAs) by monitoring intracellular pH, membrane integrity, and viability of a human intestinal bacterium, Bifidobacterium breve Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM) 1192T, upon exposure to these FBAs. Of all FBAs evaluated, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid displayed the highest toxicities. Nine FBAs common to humans and rodents demonstrated that α-hydroxy-type bile acids are more toxic than their oxo-derivatives and β-hydroxy-type epimers. In five rodent-specific FBAs, β-muricholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid showed comparable toxicities at a level close to DCA. Similar trends were observed for the membrane-damaging effects and bactericidal activities to Blautia coccoides JCM 1395T and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron DSM 2079T, commonly represented in the human and rodent gut microbiota. These findings will help us to determine the fundamental properties of FBAs and better understand the role of FBAs in the regulation of gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoru Fukiya
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokota
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
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Caimari A, Puiggròs F, Suárez M, Crescenti A, Laos S, Ruiz JA, Alonso V, Moragas J, del Bas JM, Arola L. The intake of a hazelnut skin extract improves the plasma lipid profile and reduces the lithocholic/deoxycholic bile acid faecal ratio, a risk factor for colon cancer, in hamsters fed a high-fat diet. Food Chem 2015; 167:138-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Zhou K, Lin N, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Wen J, Zou GM, Gu X, Cai W. Elevated bile acids in newborns with Biliary Atresia (BA). PLoS One 2012; 7:e49270. [PMID: 23166626 PMCID: PMC3498146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary Atresia (BA), a result from inflammatory destruction of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, is a severe hepatobiliary disorder unique to infancy. Early diagnosis and Kasai operation greatly improve the outcome of BA patients, which encourages the development of early screening methods. Using HPLC coupled tandem mass spectrometry, we detected primary bile acids content in dried blood spots obtained from 8 BA infants, 17 neonatal jaundice and 292 comparison infants at 3–4 days of life. Taurocholate (TC) was significantly elevated in biliary atresia infants (0.98±0.62 µmol/L) compared to neonatal jaundice (0.47±0.30 µmol/L) and comparison infants (0.43±0.40 µmol/L), with p = 0.0231 and p = 0.0016 respectively. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for TC to discriminate BA and comparison infants was 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.92). A cutoff of 0.63 µmol/L produced a sensitivity of 79.1% and specificity of 62.5%. The concentrations of total bile acids were also raised significantly in BA compared to comparison infants (6.62±3.89 µmol/L vs 3.81±3.06 µmol/L, p = 0.0162), with the area under ROC curve of 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.89). No significant difference was found between the bile acids of neonatal jaundice and that of comparison infants. The early increase of bile acids indicates the presentation of BA in the immediate newborn period and the possibility of TC as newborn screening marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang-Ming Zou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - XueFan Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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