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Khomutov MA, Salikhov AI, Mitkevich VA, Tunitskaya VL, Smirnova OA, Korolev SP, Chizhov AO, Gottikh MB, Kochetkov SN, Khomutov AR. C-Methylated Spermidine Derivatives: Convenient Syntheses and Antizyme-Related Effects. Biomolecules 2023; 13:916. [PMID: 37371496 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenic polyamines, spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), are present at millimolar concentrations in all eukaryotic cells, where they participate in the regulation of vitally important cellular functions. Polyamine analogs and derivatives are a traditional and important instrument for the investigation of the cellular functions of polyamines, enzymes of their metabolism, and the regulation of the biosynthesis of antizyme-a key downregulator of polyamine homeostasis. Here, we describe convenient gram-scale syntheses of a set of C-methylated analogs of Spd. The biochemical properties of these compounds and the possibility for the regulation of their activity by moving a methyl group along the polyamine backbone and by changing the stereochemistry of the chiral center(s) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Arthur I Salikhov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vera L Tunitskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Smirnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey P Korolev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina B Gottikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alex R Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Mastrodomenico V, Esin JJ, Qazi S, Khomutov MA, Ivanov AV, Mukhopadhyay S, Mounce BC. Virion-Associated Polyamines Transmit with Bunyaviruses to Maintain Infectivity and Promote Entry. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2490-2501. [PMID: 32687697 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Viruses require host cell metabolites to productively infect, and the mechanisms by which viruses usurp these molecules are diverse. One group of cellular metabolites important in virus infection is the polyamines, small positively charged molecules involved in cell cycle, translation, and nucleic acid metabolism, among other cellular functions. Polyamines support replication of diverse viruses, and they are important for processes such as transcription, translation, and viral protein enzymatic activity. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a negative and ambisense RNA virus that requires polyamines to produce infectious particles. In polyamine depleted conditions, noninfectious particles are produced that interfere with virus replication and stimulate immune signaling. Here, we find that RVFV relies on virion-associated polyamines to maintain infectivity and enhance viral entry. We show that RVFV replication is facilitated by a limited set of polyamines and that spermidine and closely related molecules associate with purified virions and transmit from cell to cell during infection. Virion-associated spermidine maintains virion infectivity, as virions devoid of polyamines rapidly lose infectivity and are temperature sensitive. Further, virions without polyamines bind to cells but exhibit a defect in entry, requiring more acidic conditions than virions containing spermidine. These data highlight a unique role for polyamines, and spermidine particularly, to maintain virus infectivity. Further, these studies are the first to identify polyamines associated with RVFV virions. Targeting polyamines represents a promising antiviral strategy, and this work highlights a new mechanism by which we can inhibit virus replication through FDA-approved polyamine depleting pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Jeremy J. Esin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Shefah Qazi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maxim A. Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
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Khomutov M, Hyvönen MT, Simonian A, Formanovsky AA, Mikhura IV, Chizhov AO, Kochetkov SN, Alhonen L, Vepsäläinen J, Keinänen TA, Khomutov AR. Unforeseen Possibilities To Investigate the Regulation of Polyamine Metabolism Revealed by Novel C-Methylated Spermine Derivatives. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11335-11347. [PMID: 31765147 PMCID: PMC7076719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The biogenic polyamines, spermine (Spm) and spermidine, are organic polycations present in millimolar concentrations in all eukaryotic cells participating in the regulation of vital cellular functions including proliferation and differentiation. The design and biochemical evaluation of polyamine analogues are cornerstones of polyamine research. Here we synthesized and studied novel C-methylated Spm analogues: 2,11-dimethylspermine (2,11-Me2Spm), 3,10-dimethylspermine (3,10-Me2Spm), 2-methylspermine, and 2,2-dimethylspermine. The tested analogues overcame growth arrest induced by a 72 h treatment with α-difluoromethylornithine, an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor, and entered into DU145 cells via the polyamine transporter. 3,10-Me2Spm was a poor substrate of spermine oxidase and spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) when compared with 2,11-Me2Spm, thus resembling 1,12-dimethylspermine, which lacks the substrate properties required for the SSAT reaction. The antizyme (OAZ1)-mediated downregulation of ODC and inhibition of polyamine transport are crucial in the maintenance of polyamine homeostasis. Interestingly, 3,10-Me2Spm was found to be the first Spm analogue that did not induce OAZ1 and, consequently, was a weak downregulator of ODC activity in DU145 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Khomutov
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mervi T. Hyvönen
- School
of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University
of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Alina Simonian
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Irina V. Mikhura
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander O. Chizhov
- N.D.
Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey N. Kochetkov
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Leena Alhonen
- School
of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University
of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- School
of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University
of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Tuomo A. Keinänen
- School
of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University
of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Alex R. Khomutov
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Khomutov MA, Mikhura IV, Kochetkov SN, Khomutov AR. C-Methylated Analogs of Spermine and Spermidine: Synthesis and Biological Activity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019060207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kim SH, Wang Y, Khomutov M, Khomutov A, Fuqua C, Michael AJ. The Essential Role of Spermidine in Growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Is Determined by the 1,3-Diaminopropane Moiety. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:491-9. [PMID: 26682642 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous polyamine spermidine is indispensable for eukaryotic growth and cell proliferation. A conserved vital function of spermidine across eukaryotes is conferred by its aminobutyl group that is transferred to a single lysine in translation factor eIF5A to form the essential hypusine post-translational modification required for cellular translation. In direct contrast, although spermidine is absolutely essential for growth of α-proteobacterial plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, we have found, by employing a suite of natural polyamines and synthetic methylated spermidine analogues together with spermidine biosynthetic mutants, that it is solely the 1,3-diaminopropane moiety of spermidine that is required for growth. Indeed, any polyamine containing an intact terminal 1,3-diaminopropane moiety can replace spermidine for growth, including the simple diamine 1,3-diaminopropane itself, a paradigm shift in understanding polyamine function in bacteria. We have identified for the first time a spermidine retroconversion activity in bacteria, producing diamine putrescine from triamine spermidine; however, exogenously supplied tetraamine spermine is resistant to retroconversion. When spermidine levels are pharmacologically decreased, synthesis of spermine from spermidine is induced via the same biosynthetic enzymes, carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase and carboxyspermidine decarboxylase that produce spermidine from putrescine, the first identification of a spermine biosynthetic pathway in bacteria. This also suggests that spermidine represses spermine biosynthesis, but when spermidine levels decrease, it is then converted by carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase and decarboxylase enzymes to spermine, which is resistant to retroconversion and constitutes a sequestered pool of protected 1,3-diaminopropane modules required for growth. We also identify an efficient N-acetylspermidine deacetylase activity, indicative of a sophisticated bacterial polyamine homeostasis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Ho Kim
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department
of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maxim Khomutov
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Khomutov
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Clay Fuqua
- Department
of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Anthony J. Michael
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Hyvönen MT, Keinänen TA, Khomutov M, Simonian A, Vepsäläinen J, Park JH, Khomutov AR, Alhonen L, Park MH. Effects of novel C-methylated spermidine analogs on cell growth via hypusination of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. Amino Acids 2012; 42:685-95. [PMID: 21861168 PMCID: PMC3223563 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are ubiquitous multifunctional cations essential for cellular proliferation. One specific function of spermidine in cell growth is its role as a butylamine donor for hypusine synthesis in the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Here, we report the ability of novel mono-methylated spermidine analogs (α-MeSpd, β-MeSpd, γ-MeSpd, and ω-MeSpd) to function in the hypusination of eIF5A and in supporting the growth of DFMO-treated DU145 cells. We also tested them as substrates and inhibitors for deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) in vitro. Of these compounds, α-MeSpd, β-MeSpd, and γ-MeSpd (but not ω-MeSpd) were substrates for DHS in vitro, while they all inhibited the enzyme reaction. As racemic mixtures, only α-MeSpd and β-MeSpd supported long-term growth (9-18 days) of spermidine-depleted DU145 cells, whereas γ-MeSpd and ω-MeSpd did not. The S-enantiomer of α-MeSpd, which supported long-term growth, was a good substrate for DHS in vitro, whereas the R-isomer was not. The long-term growth of DFMO-treated cells correlated with the hypusine modification of eIF5A by intracellular methylated spermidine analogs. These results underscore the critical requirement for hypusine modification in mammalian cell proliferation and provide new insights into the specificity of the deoxyhypusine synthase reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi T. Hyvönen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo A. Keinänen
- Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maxim Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alina Simonian
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alex R. Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Leena Alhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Myung Hee Park
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Mandal S, Khomutov MA, Simonian AR, Kochetkov SN, Madhubala R. Leishmania donovani: Structural insignt in the recognition of C-methylated analogues of spermidine as natural polyamines. Mol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331104008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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