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Ju M, Zhou Z, Mu C, Zhang X, Gao J, Liang Y, Chen J, Wu Y, Li X, Wang S, Wen J, Yang L, Wu J. Dissecting the genetic architecture of Fusarium verticillioides seed rot resistance in maize by combining QTL mapping and genome-wide association analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46446. [PMID: 28422143 PMCID: PMC5396065 DOI: 10.1038/srep46446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides can be transmitted via seeds and cause systemic infection in maize (Zea mays L.); its mycotoxin has harmful effects on animal and human health. We combined QTL mapping in recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 217 diverse maize lines using 224,152 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) under controlled conditions to determine the genetic architecture of F. verticillioides seed rot (FSR) resistance. Our study identified 8 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 43 genes associated with 57 SNPs that were correlated with FSR resistance through linkage mapping and GWAS, respectively. Among these, there were three candidate genes, namely GRMZM2G0081223, AC213654.3_FG004, and GRMZM2G099255, which were detected in both linkage mapping and GWAS. Furthermore, the near-isogenic lines (NILs) containing GRMZM2G0081223, which also had a susceptible parent background, were found to have a significantly improved level of resistance. In addition, the expression profile of the three candidate genes revealed that they all respond to the infection following inoculation with F. verticillioides. These genetic analyses indicate that FSR resistance is controlled by loci with minor effect, and the polymerization breeding of lines with beneficial alleles and candidate genes could improve FSR resistance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ju
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zijian Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Cong Mu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xuecai Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jingyang Gao
- College of Life sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yakun Liang
- College of Life sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jiafa Chen
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yabin Wu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jingjing Wen
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianyu Wu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Giorni P, Dall'Asta C, Reverberi M, Scala V, Ludovici M, Cirlini M, Galaverna G, Fanelli C, Battilani P. Open Field Study of Some Zea mays Hybrids, Lipid Compounds and Fumonisins Accumulation. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:3657-70. [PMID: 26378580 PMCID: PMC4591652 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7093657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid molecules are increasingly recognized as signals exchanged by organisms interacting in pathogenic and/or symbiotic ways. Some classes of lipids actively determine the fate of the interactions. Host cuticle/cell wall/membrane components such as sphingolipids and oxylipins may contribute to determining the fate of host-pathogen interactions. In the present field study, we considered the relationship between specific sphingolipids and oxylipins of different hybrids of Zea mays and fumonisin by F. verticillioides, sampling ears at different growth stages from early dough to fully ripe. The amount of total and free fumonisin differed significantly between hybrids and increased significantly with maize ripening. Oxylipins and phytoceramides changed significantly within the hybrids and decreased with kernel maturation, starting from physiological maturity. Although the correlation between fumonisin accumulation and plant lipid profile is certain, the data collected so far cannot define a cause-effect relationship but open up new perspectives. Therefore, the question-"Does fumonisin alter plant lipidome or does plant lipidome modulate fumonisin accumulation?"-is still open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Giorni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29100, Italy.
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
| | - Valeria Scala
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ludovici
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
| | - Martina Cirlini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Corrado Fanelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
| | - Paola Battilani
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29100, Italy.
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Riley RT, Showker JL, Lee CM, Zipperer CE, Mitchell TR, Voss KA, Zitomer NC, Torres O, Matute J, Gregory SG, Ashley-Koch AE, Maddox JR, Gardner N, Gelineau-Van Waes JB. A blood spot method for detecting fumonisin-induced changes in putative sphingolipid biomarkers in LM/Bc mice and humans. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:934-49. [PMID: 25833119 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1027746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisins (FB) are mycotoxins found in maize. They are hypothesised risk factors for neural tube defects (NTDs) in humans living where maize is a dietary staple. In LM/Bc mice, FB1-treatment of pregnant dams induces NTDs and results in increased levels of sphingoid base 1-phosphates in blood and tissues. The increased level of sphingoid base 1-phosphates in blood is a putative biomarker for FB1 inhibition of ceramide synthase in humans. Collection of blood spots on paper from finger sticks is a relatively non-invasive way to obtain blood for biomarker analysis. The objective of this study was to develop and validate in an animal model, and ultimately in humans, a method to estimate the volume of blood collected as blood spots on absorbent paper so as to allow quantification of the molar concentration of sphingoid base 1-phosphates in blood. To accomplish this objective, blood was collected from unexposed male LM/Bc and FB1-exposed pregnant LM/Bc mice and humans and applied to two types of absorbent paper. The sphingoid base 1-phosphates, absorbance at 270 nm (A270), and total protein content (Bradford) were determined in the acetonitrile:water 5% formic acid extracts from the dried blood spots. The results show that in both mouse and human the A270, total protein, and blood volume were closely correlated and the volume of blood spotted was accurately estimated using only the A270 of the extracts. In mouse blood spots, as in tissues and embryos, the FB1-induced changes in sphingolipids were correlated with urinary FB1. The half-life of FB1 in the urine was short (<24 h) and the elevation in sphingoid base 1-phosphates in blood was also short, although more persistent than the urinary FB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald T Riley
- a Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R.B. Russell Research Center, USDA - ARS , Athens , GA , USA
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Riley RT, Torres O, Showker JL, Zitomer NC, Matute J, Voss KA, Gelineau-van Waes J, Maddox JR, Gregory SG, Ashley-Koch AE. The kinetics of urinary fumonisin B1 excretion in humans consuming maize-based diets. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1445-55. [PMID: 22815244 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Fumonisins (FB) are mycotoxins found in maize. The purpose of this study was to (i) determine the relationship between FB(1) , FB(2) , and FB(3) intake and urinary excretion in humans, (ii) validate a method to isolate urinary FB on C(18) -SPE cartridges for international shipment, and (iii) test the method using samples from Guatemala. METHODS AND RESULTS Volunteers (n = 10) consumed 206 grams/day of tortillas and biscuits prepared from masa flour and a product containing maize flour. Volunteers estimated their daily urine output and samples were analyzed for FB(1) , FB(2) , and FB(3) and hydrolyzed FB(1) . Only FB(1) was detected in urine suggesting lower absorption of FB(2) and FB(3) . Excretion was highly variable peaking soon after consumption began and decreasing rapidly after consumption stopped. Within 5 days after consumption ended, FB(1) was not detected in urine. In a study with eight volunteers, the average total urinary FB(1) was 0.5% of the intake. FB(1) was detected in 61% (107/177) of the samples collected in Guatemala. CONCLUSION The results support the use of urinary FB(1) to assess ongoing exposure in population-based studies. However, relating the FB(1) concentration in urine to dietary intake of FB by individual subjects will be complicated due to interindividual variability and the rapidity of clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald T Riley
- USDA - ARS, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R.B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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The role of biomarkers in evaluating human health concerns from fungal contaminants in food. Nutr Res Rev 2012; 25:162-79. [PMID: 22651937 DOI: 10.1017/s095442241200008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites that globally contaminate an estimated 25 % of cereal crops and thus exposure is frequent in many populations. Aflatoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol are amongst those mycotoxins of particular concern from a human health perspective. A number of risks to health are suggested including cancer, growth faltering, immune suppression and neural tube defects; though only the demonstrated role for aflatoxin in the aetiology of liver cancer is widely recognised. The heterogeneous distribution of mycotoxins in food restricts the usefulness of food sampling and intake estimates; instead biomarkers provide better tools for informing epidemiological investigations. Validated exposure biomarkers for aflatoxin (urinary aflatoxin M(1), aflatoxin-N7-guaunine, serum aflatoxin-albumin) were established almost 20 years ago and were critical in confirming aflatoxins as potent liver carcinogens. Validation has included demonstration of assay robustness, intake v. biomarker level, and stability of stored samples. More recently, aflatoxin exposure biomarkers are revealing concerns of growth faltering and immune suppression; importantly, they are being used to assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies. For fumonisins and deoxynivalenol these steps of development and validation have significantly advanced in recent years. Such biomarkers should better inform epidemiological studies and thus improve our understanding of their potential risk to human health.
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