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Wang Y, Wang Z, Wu X. Rapid Purification of dsRNA Using Micro-Spin Cellulose Column. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2771:19-25. [PMID: 38285386 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3702-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is the replication intermediates of all RNA viruses. Purification and analysis of the profile and sequence of dsRNA is vital in virus diagnoses and/or characterization. Cellulose is one of the common materials used for isolation of dsRNA. Cellulose specifically binds dsRNA fraction under 15% ethanol concentration, which allows to isolate dsRNA from total nucleic acid solution or cell lysate. Here, we describe a rapid and reliable method for purifying dsRNA using a home-made micro-spin cellulose column from the cell lysate of virus-infected plant tissue. This labor-saving and rapid method enables routinely high-throughput isolation and analysis of dsRNA in plant or fungi samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Iida E, Kuriyama K, Tabara M, Takeda A, Suzuki N, Moriyama H, Fukuhara T. Structural features of T-DNA that induce transcriptional gene silencing during agroinfiltration. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:289-299. [PMID: 38434119 PMCID: PMC10905568 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Rhizobium radiobacter) is used for the transient expression of foreign genes by the agroinfiltration method, but the introduction of foreign genes often induces transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional gene silencing (TGS and/or PTGS). In this study, we characterized the structural features of T-DNA that induce TGS during agroinfiltration. When A. tumefaciens cells harboring an empty T-DNA plasmid containing the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter were infiltrated into the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c with a GFP gene over-expressed under the control of the same promoter, no small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were derived from the GFP sequence. However, siRNAs derived from the CaMV 35S promoter were detected, indicating that TGS against the GFP gene was induced. When the GFP gene was inserted into the T-DNA plasmid, PTGS against the GFP gene was induced whereas TGS against the CaMV 35S promoter was suppressed. We also showed the importance of terminator sequences in T-DNA for gene silencing. Therefore, depending on the combination of promoter, terminator and coding sequences on T-DNA and the host nuclear genome, either or both TGS and/or PTGS could be induced by agroinfiltration. Furthermore, we showed the possible involvement of three siRNA-producing Dicers (DCL2, DCL3 and DCL4) in the induction of TGS by the co-agroinfiltration method. Especially, DCL2 was probably the most important among them in the initial step of TGS induction. These results are valuable for controlling gene expression by agroinfiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Iida
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Midori Tabara
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukuhara
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Kuriyama K, Tabara M, Moriyama H, Takahashi H, Fukuhara T. The essential role of the quasi-long terminal repeat sequence for replication and gene expression of an endogenous pararetrovirus, petunia vein clearing virus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:405-414. [PMID: 37283613 PMCID: PMC10240922 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Petunia vein clearing virus (PVCV) is a type member of the genus Petuvirus within the Caulimoviridae family and is defined as one viral unit consisting of a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a viral polyprotein and one quasi-long terminal repeat (QTR) sequence. Since some full-length PVCV sequences are found in the petunia genome and a vector for horizontal transmission of PVCV has not been identified yet, PVCV is referred to as an endogenous pararetrovirus. Molecular mechanisms of replication, gene expression and horizontal transmission of endogenous pararetroviruses in plants are elusive. In this study, agroinfiltration experiments using various PVCV infectious clones indicated that the replication (episomal DNA synthesis) and gene expression of PVCV were efficient when the QTR sequences are present on both sides of the ORF. Whereas replacement of the QTR with another promoter and/or terminator is possible for gene expression, it is essential for QTR sequences to be on both sides for viral replication. Although horizontal transmission of PVCV by grafting and biolistic inoculation was previously reported, agroinfiltration is a useful and convenient method for studying its replication and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Midori Tabara
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukuhara
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Kuriyama K, Tabara M, Moriyama H, Kanazawa A, Koiwa H, Takahashi H, Fukuhara T. Disturbance of floral colour pattern by activation of an endogenous pararetrovirus, petunia vein clearing virus, in aged petunia plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:497-511. [PMID: 32100385 PMCID: PMC7496347 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
White areas of star-type bicolour petals of petunia (Petunia hybrida) are caused by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of the key enzyme of anthocyanin biosynthesis. We observed blotched flowers and a vein-clearing symptom in aged petunia plants. To determine the cause of blotched flowers, we focused on an endogenous pararetrovirus, petunia vein clearing virus (PVCV), because this virus may have a suppressor of PTGS (VSR). Transcripts and episomal DNAs derived from proviral PVCVs accumulated in aged plants, indicating that PVCV was activated as the host plant aged. Furthermore, DNA methylation of CG and CHG sites in the promoter region of proviral PVCV decreased in aged plants, suggesting that poor maintenance of DNA methylation activates PVCV. In parallel, de novo DNA methylation of CHH sites in its promoter region was also detected. Therefore, both activation and inactivation of PVCV occurred in aged plants. The accumulation of PVCV transcripts and episomal DNAs in blotched regions and the detection of VSR activity support a mechanism in which suppression of PTGS by PVCV causes blotched flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Biological SciencesTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8 SaiwaichoFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Midori Tabara
- Department of Applied Biological SciencesTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8 SaiwaichoFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8 SaiwaichoFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological SciencesTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8 SaiwaichoFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Akira Kanazawa
- Research Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido UniversityKita 9, Nishi 9, Kita‐kuSapporo060‐8589Japan
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8 SaiwaichoFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
- Department of Horticultural SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku University468‐1, Aramaki‐Aza‐AobaSendai980‐0845Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukuhara
- Department of Applied Biological SciencesTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8 SaiwaichoFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8 SaiwaichoFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
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