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Sato R, Minamihata K, Wakabayashi R, Goto M, Kamiya N. Molecular crowding elicits the acceleration of enzymatic crosslinking of macromolecular substrates. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:306-314. [PMID: 36342388 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01549h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasm contains high concentrations of biomacromolecules. Protein behavior under such crowded conditions is reportedly different from that in an aqueous buffer solution, mainly owing to the effect of volume exclusion caused by the presence of macromolecules. Using a crosslinking reaction catalyzed by microbial transglutaminase (MTG) as a model, we herein systematically determined how the substrate size affects enzymatic activity in both dilute and crowded solutions of dextran. We first observed a threefold reduction in MTG-mediated crosslinking of a pair of small peptide substrates in 15 wt% dextran solution. In contrast, when proteinaceous substrates were involved, the crosslinking rates in 15 wt% dextran solutions accelerated markedly to levels comparable with the level in the absence of dextran. Our results provide new insights into the action of enzymes with regard to macromolecular substrates under crowded conditions, of which the potential utility was demonstrated by the formation of highly crosslinked protein polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. .,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. .,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Rachel NM, Quaglia D, Lévesque É, Charette AB, Pelletier JN. Engineered, highly reactive substrates of microbial transglutaminase enable protein labeling within various secondary structure elements. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2268-2279. [PMID: 28857311 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) is a practical tool to enzymatically form isopeptide bonds between peptide or protein substrates. This natural approach to crosslinking the side-chains of reactive glutamine and lysine residues is solidly rooted in food and textile processing. More recently, MTG's tolerance for various primary amines in lieu of lysine have revealed its potential for site-specific protein labeling with aminated compounds, including fluorophores. Importantly, MTG can label glutamines at accessible positions in the body of a target protein, setting it apart from most labeling enzymes that react exclusively at protein termini. To expand its applicability as a labeling tool, we engineered the B1 domain of Protein G (GB1) to probe the selectivity and enhance the reactivity of MTG toward its glutamine substrate. We built a GB1 library where each variant contained a single glutamine at positions covering all secondary structure elements. The most reactive and selective variants displayed a >100-fold increase in incorporation of a recently developed aminated benzo[a]imidazo[2,1,5-cd]indolizine-type fluorophore, relative to native GB1. None of the variants were destabilized. Our results demonstrate that MTG can react readily with glutamines in α-helical, β-sheet, and unstructured loop elements and does not favor one type of secondary structure. Introducing point mutations within MTG's active site further increased reactivity toward the most reactive substrate variant, I6Q-GB1, enhancing MTG's capacity to fluorescently label an engineered, highly reactive glutamine substrate. This work demonstrates that MTG-reactive glutamines can be readily introduced into a protein domain for fluorescent labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Rachel
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,PROTEO, the Québec Network for Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,CGCC, the Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Daniela Quaglia
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,PROTEO, the Québec Network for Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,CGCC, the Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Éric Lévesque
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,CGCC, the Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - André B Charette
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,CGCC, the Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Joelle N Pelletier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,PROTEO, the Québec Network for Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,CGCC, the Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
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Fiebig D, Schmelz S, Zindel S, Ehret V, Beck J, Ebenig A, Ehret M, Fröls S, Pfeifer F, Kolmar H, Fuchsbauer HL, Scrima A. Structure of the Dispase Autolysis-inducing Protein from Streptomyces mobaraensis and Glutamine Cross-linking Sites for Transglutaminase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20417-26. [PMID: 27493205 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.731109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase from Streptomyces mobaraensis (MTG) is an important enzyme for cross-linking and modifying proteins. An intrinsic substrate of MTG is the dispase autolysis-inducing protein (DAIP). The amino acid sequence of DAIP contains 5 potential glutamines and 10 lysines for MTG-mediated cross-linking. The aim of the study was to determine the structure and glutamine cross-linking sites of the first physiological MTG substrate. A production procedure was established in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to obtain high yields of recombinant DAIP. DAIP variants were prepared by replacing four of five glutamines for asparagines in various combinations via site-directed mutagenesis. Incorporation of biotin cadaverine revealed a preference of MTG for the DAIP glutamines in the order of Gln-39 ≫ Gln-298 > Gln-345 ∼ Gln-65 ≫ Gln-144. In the structure of DAIP the preferred glutamines do cluster at the top of the seven-bladed β-propeller. This suggests a targeted cross-linking of DAIP by MTG that may occur after self-assembly in the bacterial cell wall. Based on our biochemical and structural data of the first physiological MTG substrate, we further provide novel insight into determinants of MTG-mediated modification, specificity, and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fiebig
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and the Department of Chemistry and
| | - Stefan Schmelz
- From the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38124 Germany
| | - Stephan Zindel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and the Department of Chemistry and
| | - Vera Ehret
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and
| | - Jan Beck
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and the Department of Chemistry and
| | - Aileen Ebenig
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and the Department of Chemistry and
| | - Marina Ehret
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and
| | - Sabrina Fröls
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felicitas Pfeifer
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Lothar Fuchsbauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and
| | - Andrea Scrima
- From the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38124 Germany,
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Siegmund V, Schmelz S, Dickgiesser S, Beck J, Ebenig A, Fittler H, Frauendorf H, Piater B, Betz UAK, Avrutina O, Scrima A, Fuchsbauer H, Kolmar H. Locked by Design: A Conformationally Constrained Transglutaminase Tag Enables Efficient Site‐Specific Conjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13420-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Siegmund
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
| | - Stefan Schmelz
- Arbeitsgruppe Strukturbiologie der Autophagie, Abteilung Struktur und Funktion der Proteine, Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Germany)
| | - Stephan Dickgiesser
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
| | - Jan Beck
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
| | - Aileen Ebenig
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
| | - Heiko Fittler
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Zentrale Analytik/Massenspektrometrie, Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen (Germany)
| | - Birgit Piater
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurterstr. 250, 64293 Darmstadt (Germany)
| | | | - Olga Avrutina
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
| | - Andrea Scrima
- Arbeitsgruppe Strukturbiologie der Autophagie, Abteilung Struktur und Funktion der Proteine, Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Germany)
| | - Hans‐Lothar Fuchsbauer
- Fachbereich Chemie‐ und Biotechnologie, Hochschule Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 12, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
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5
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Siegmund V, Schmelz S, Dickgiesser S, Beck J, Ebenig A, Fittler H, Frauendorf H, Piater B, Betz UAK, Avrutina O, Scrima A, Fuchsbauer H, Kolmar H. Durch Design verbrückt: ein konformativ eingeschränkter Transglutaminase‐Marker ermöglicht effiziente ortsspezifische Konjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Siegmund
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Deutschland)
| | - Stefan Schmelz
- Arbeitsgruppe Strukturbiologie der Autophagie, Abteilung Struktur und Funktion der Proteine, Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig (Deutschland)
| | - Stephan Dickgiesser
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Deutschland)
| | - Jan Beck
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Deutschland)
| | - Aileen Ebenig
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Deutschland)
| | - Heiko Fittler
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Deutschland)
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Zentrale Analytik/Massenspektrometrie, Universität Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | | | | | - Olga Avrutina
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Deutschland)
| | - Andrea Scrima
- Arbeitsgruppe Strukturbiologie der Autophagie, Abteilung Struktur und Funktion der Proteine, Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig (Deutschland)
| | | | - Harald Kolmar
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‐Weiss‐Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Deutschland)
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6
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Oteng-Pabi SK, Pardin C, Stoica M, Keillor JW. Site-specific protein labelling and immobilization mediated by microbial transglutaminase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6604-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00994k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) mediates site-specific propargylation of target proteins, allowing their subsequent modification in in vitro bio-conjugation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Stoica
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5
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7
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Rachel NM, Pelletier JN. Biotechnological applications of transglutaminases. Biomolecules 2013; 3:870-88. [PMID: 24970194 PMCID: PMC4030973 DOI: 10.3390/biom3040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, transglutaminases catalyze the formation of amide bonds between proteins to form insoluble protein aggregates. This specific function has long been exploited in the food and textile industries as a protein cross-linking agent to alter the texture of meat, wool, and leather. In recent years, biotechnological applications of transglutaminases have come to light in areas ranging from material sciences to medicine. There has also been a substantial effort to further investigate the fundamentals of transglutaminases, as many of their characteristics that remain poorly understood. Those studies also work towards the goal of developing transglutaminases as more efficient catalysts. Progress in this area includes structural information and novel chemical and biological assays. Here, we review recent achievements in this area in order to illustrate the versatility of transglutaminases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Rachel
- Chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Joelle N Pelletier
- Chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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