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Basudan AM, Yang Y. Optimizing Laser Capture Microdissection Protocol for Isolating Zone-Specific Cell Populations from Mandibular Condylar Cartilage. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:5427326. [PMID: 31885587 PMCID: PMC6914897 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5427326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) is a multizonal heterogeneous fibrocartilage consisting of fibrous (FZ), proliferative (PZ), mature (MZ), and hypertrophic (HZ) zones. Gross sampling of the whole tissue may conceal some important information and compromise the validity of the molecular analysis. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) technology allows isolating zonal (homogenous) cell populations and consequently generating more accurate molecular and genetic data, but the challenges during tissue preparation and microdissection procedures are to obtain acceptable tissue section morphology that allows histological identification of the desirable cell type and to minimize RNA degradation. Therefore, our aim is to optimize an LCM protocol for isolating four homogenous zone-specific cell populations from their respective MCC zones while preserving the quality of RNA recovered. MCC and FCC (femoral condylar cartilage) specimens were harvested from 5-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats. Formalin-fixed and frozen unfixed tissue sections were prepared and compared histologically. Additional specimens were microdissected to prepare LCM samples from FCC and each MCC zone individually. Then, to evaluate LCM-RNA integrity, 3'/m ratios of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-actin (β-Actin) using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were calculated. Both fixed and unfixed tissue sections allowed reliable identification of MCC zones. The improved morphology of the frozen sections of our protocol has extended the range of cell types to be isolated. Under the empirically set LCM parameters, four homogeneous cell populations were efficiently isolated from their respective zones. The 3'/m ratio means of GAPDH and β-Actin ranged between 1.11-1.56 and 1.41-2.12, respectively. These values are in line with the reported quality control requirements. The present study shows that the optimized LCM protocol could allow isolation of four homogenous zone-specific cell populations from MCC, meanwhile preserving RNA integrity to meet the high quality requirements for subsequent molecular analyses. Thereby, accurate molecular and genetic data could be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha M. Basudan
- Division of Orthodontics, Dental Services Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Dentistry King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Costermans NGJ, Keijer J, van Schothorst EM, Kemp B, Keshtkar S, Bunschoten A, Soede NM, Teerds KJ. In ovaries with high or low variation in follicle size, granulosa cells of antral follicles exhibit distinct size-related processes. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 25:614-624. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Antral follicle size might be a valuable additive predictive marker for IVF outcome. To better understand consequences of antral follicle size as a marker for reproductive outcome, we aimed to obtain insight in follicle size-related granulosa cell processes, as granulosa cells play an essential role in follicular development via the production of growth factors, steroids and metabolic intermediates. Using the pig as a model, we compared gene expression in granulosa cells of smaller and larger follicles in the healthy antral follicle pool of sows, which had a high variation versus low variation in follicle size. Selected gene expression was confirmed at the protein level. Granulosa cells of smaller antral follicles showed increased cell proliferation, which was accompanied by a metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis (i.e. the Warburg effect), similar to other highly proliferating cells. High granulosa cell proliferation rates in smaller follicles might be regulated via increased granulosa cell expression of the androgen receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor, which are activated in response to locally produced mitogens. While granulosa cells of smaller follicles in the pool are more proliferative, granulosa cells of larger follicles express more maturation markers such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1) and are therefore more differentiated. As both higher IGF1 and ANGPT1 have been associated with better IVF outcomes, the results of our study imply that including smaller follicles for oocyte aspiration might have negative consequences for IVF outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G J Costermans
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E M van Schothorst
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Keshtkar
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University and Research, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Bunschoten
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N M Soede
- Adaptation Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - K J Teerds
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Garrido-Gil P, Fernandez-Rodríguez P, Rodríguez-Pallares J, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Laser capture microdissection protocol for gene expression analysis in the brain. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:299-311. [PMID: 28560490 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) allows the isolation of specific cell populations from complex tissues that can be then used for gene expression studies. However, there are no reproducible protocols to study RNA in the brain and, particularly, in the substantia nigra. RNA is a very labile biomolecule that is easily degraded during manipulation. LCM studies use low amounts of material and special precautions must be taken to preserve RNA yield and integrity, which are decisive for PCR analysis. The RNA yield and/or integrity can be affected negatively by tissue manipulation, LCM process and RNA extraction. We have optimized these three critical steps using nigral tissue sections, and developed a LCM protocol to obtain high-quality RNA for gene expression analysis. The optimal LCM protocol requires the use of 20 µm-thick tissue sections mounted on glass slides and processed for rapid tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence. Additionally, a total microdissected tissue area of 1 mm2 and a column-based RNA extraction method were used to obtain a high RNA yield and integrity. In the rat substantia nigra, we demonstrated the expression of RNA for the angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors using this optimized LCM protocol. In conclusion, the LCM protocol reported here can be used to study the expression of both scarcely or abundantly expressed genes in the different brain regions of mammals under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.,Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Fernandez-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Pallares
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.,Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. .,Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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Blackburn HL, Ellsworth DL, Shriver CD, Ellsworth RE. Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Axillary Lymph Nodes: Are Changes to the Lymph Node "Soil" Localized or Systemic? BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2017; 11:1178223417691246. [PMID: 28469436 PMCID: PMC5391061 DOI: 10.1177/1178223417691246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process that is not well understood. Colonization of a secondary organ requires specific molecular alterations of the host microenvironment. To determine the temporal and spatial changes associated with metastatic dissemination to the axillary lymph nodes, gene expression profiles were compared between histologically normal lymph nodes from node-positive patients and tumor-free nodes from node-negative patients. Using a stringent false discovery rate correction (<0.05) for multiple hypothesis testing, we did not detect any differentially expressed genes between the lymph node groups. Thus, the presence of metastatic cells within the lymphatic system does not elicit widespread changes in gene expression through the axillary basin; rather, lymph nodes independently respond to disseminated tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Blackburn
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
| | - Darrell L Ellsworth
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA, USA
| | - Craig D Shriver
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Costantino NS, Freeman B, Shriver CD, Ellsworth RE. Outcome Disparities in African American Compared with European American Women with ER+HER2- Tumors Treated within an Equal-Access Health Care System. Ethn Dis 2016; 26:407-16. [PMID: 27440982 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.3.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer mortality rates are higher for African American women (AAW) than for any other ethnic group in the United States. Recent reports suggest that outcome disparities between AAW and European American women (EAW) are present in the ER+HER2- subtype. To improve our understanding, pathological characteristics, mortality and molecular profiles from women treated within an equal-access health care system were evaluated. PROCEDURES All AAW (n=90) and EAW (n=308) with ER+HER2- tumors were identified. Gene expression profiles were generated from primary breast tumors from 57 AAW and 181 EAW. Pathological characteristics, survival and gene expression analysis were evaluated using chi-square analysis, log-rank tests and ANOVA. RESULTS Tumors from AAW were significantly more likely to be PR-, Ki67+ and of higher grade. Tumor stage, size and lymph node status did not differ significantly, nor did mortality rates (P=.879). At the molecular level, genes PSPHL and CRYBB2P1 were expressed at significantly higher levels in tumor tissues as well as normal stroma and blood from AAW. Polymorphisms controlling expression of each gene were identified with minor allele frequencies differing significantly between populations but not between cases and controls within each population. CONCLUSIONS Survival disparities were not detected in patients with ER+HER2- tumors treated within an equal-access health care system and molecular differences in tumors were not causal. Thus, outcome disparities in AAW with ER+HER2- tumors are largely attributable to socioeconomic factors affecting access to screening and treatment, rather than reflecting underlying biological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Freeman
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Murtha Cancer Center, Bethesda, Md
| | - Craig D Shriver
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Murtha Cancer Center, Bethesda, Md
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Toro AL, Costantino NS, Shriver CD, Ellsworth DL, Ellsworth RE. Effect of obesity on molecular characteristics of invasive breast tumors: gene expression analysis in a large cohort of female patients. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:22. [PMID: 27148454 PMCID: PMC4850667 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women and is associated with decreased survival and less favorable clinical characteristics such as greater tumor burden, higher grade, and poor prognosis, regardless of menopausal status. Despite the negative impact of obesity on clinical outcome, molecular mechanisms through which excess adiposity influences breast cancer etiology are not well-defined. Methods Affymetrix U133 2.0 gene expression data were generated for 405 primary breast tumors using RNA isolated from laser microdissected tissues. Patients were classified as normal-weight (BMI < 25), overweight (BMI 25–29.9) or obese (BMI ≥ 30). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA using Partek Genomics Suite version 6.6 using a false discovery rate <0.05 to define significance. Results Obese patients were significantly more likely to be diagnosed ≥50 years or with African American ancestry compared to lean or overweight women. Pathological characteristics including tumor stage, size or grade, lymph node status, intrinsic subtype, and breast cancer mortality did not differ significantly between groups. No significant gene expression differences were detected by BMI in a non-stratified analysis which included all subtypes or within luminal B, HER2-enriched or basal-like subtypes. Within luminal A tumors, however, 44 probes representing 42 genes from pathways such as cell cycle, p53 and mTOR signaling, DNA repair, and transcriptional misregulation were differentially expressed. Conclusions Identification of transcriptome differences in luminal A tumors from normal-weight compared to obese women suggests that obesity alters gene expression within ER+ tumor epithelial cells. Alterations of pathways involved in cell cycle control, tumorigenesis and metabolism may promote cellular proliferation and provide a molecular explanation for less favorable outcome of obese women with breast cancer. Targeted treatments, such as mTOR inhibitors, may allow for improved treatment and survival of obese women, especially African American women, who are more likely to be obese and suffer outcome disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Toro
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963 USA
| | - Nicholas S Costantino
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963 USA
| | - Craig D Shriver
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA
| | - Darrell L Ellsworth
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963 USA
| | - Rachel E Ellsworth
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Murtha Cancer Center, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963 USA
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Benner S, Kakeyama M, Endo T, Yoshioka W, Tohyama C. Application of NeuroTrace staining in the fresh frozen brain samples to laser microdissection combined with quantitative RT-PCR analysis. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:252. [PMID: 26092293 PMCID: PMC4473849 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heterogeneity of the brain requires appropriate molecular biological approaches to account for its morphological complexity. Laser-assisted microdissection followed by transcript profiling by quantitative determination has been reported to be an optimal methodology. Nevertheless, not all brain regions can be identified easily without staining, restricting the accuracy and efficiency in sampling. The aim of the present study was to validate whether fixation and staining treatments are suitable for quantitative transcript expression analysis in laser microdissection (LMD) samples. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the absolute transcript expression levels and profiles of samples obtained from the hippocampal dentate gyrus from fresh frozen mice brain sections that had been fixed with ethanol and stained with NeuroTrace. The results were compared with those obtained from unfixed and unstained samples. Results We found that the quantitative relationship of transcript expression levels between various housekeeping genes and immediate early genes was preserved, although the preparation compromised the yield of the transcripts. In addition, histological and molecular integrities of the fixed and stained specimens were preserved for at least a week at room temperature. Based on the lobe specific profiles of transcripts in the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary, we confirmed that no cross-contamination on transcription expressions occurred as a result of the fixation and staining. Conclusions We have provided detailed information of the procedures on ethanol fixation followed by NeuroTrace staining on the absolute quantitative RT-PCR analysis using microdissected fresh frozen mouse brain tissues. The present study demonstrated that quantitative transcript expression analysis can be conducted reliably on stained tissues. This method is suitable for applications in basic and clinical studies on particular transcript expressions in various regions of the brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1222-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seico Benner
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masaki Kakeyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Dept. Neurobiol. and Behav. Grad. Sch. Biomed. Sci, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Endo
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Wataru Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Chiharu Tohyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Sturtz LA, Deyarmin B, van Laar R, Yarina W, Shriver CD, Ellsworth RE. Gene expression differences in adipose tissue associated with breast tumorigenesis. Adipocyte 2014; 3:107-14. [PMID: 24719783 DOI: 10.4161/adip.28250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long thought to function only as an inert energy storage depot, the role of adipose tissue in breast tumorigenesis has been largely ignored. In light of increasing rates of obesity and use of breast conserving therapy and autologous fat grafting, improved understanding of the role of adipose tissue in tumor etiology is crucial. Thus, adipose tissue adjacent to and distant from invasive breast tumors (n = 20), or adjacent to non-malignant diagnoses (n = 20) was laser microdissected from post-menopausal women. Gene expression data were generated using microarrays and data analyzed to identify significant patterns of differential expression between adipose tissue groups at the individual gene and molecular pathway level. Pathway analysis revealed significant differences in immune response between non-malignant, distant, and tumor-adjacent adipose tissue, with the highest response in tumor-adjacent and lowest in non-malignant adipose tissue. Adipose tissue from invasive breasts exhibits increased expression of anti-inflammatory genes such as MARCO and VSIG4 while genes differentially expressed between tumor-adjacent and distant adipose tissue such as SPP1, RRM2, and MMP9, are associated with increased cellular proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. These data suggest that molecular profiles of adipose tissue differ depending on presence of or proximity to tumor cells. Heightened immunotolerance in adipose tissue from invasive breasts provides a microenvironment favorable to tumorigenesis. In addition, tumor-adjacent adipose tissue demonstrates expression of genes associated with tumor growth and progression. Thus, adipose tissue is not an inert component of the breast microenvironment but plays an active role in tumorigenesis.
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Anam K, Davis TA. Comparative analysis of gene transcripts for cell signaling receptors in bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell and mesenchymal stromal cell populations. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:112. [PMID: 24405801 PMCID: PMC3854681 DOI: 10.1186/scrt323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Knowing the repertoire of cell signaling receptors would provide pivotal insight into the developmental and regenerative capabilities of bone marrow cell (BMC)-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs). Methods Murine HSPCs were enriched from fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted Lin–c-Kit+Sca-1+ BMCs isolated from the tibia and femoral marrow compartments. Purified BMMSCs (CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, and CD45–, CD34–, CD31–, c-Kit–) with extensive self-renewal potential and multilineage differentiation capacity (into different mesodermal cell lineages including osteocytes, chrondrocytes, adipocytes) were derived from adherent BMC cultures after CD45+ cell depletion. Adherent colony-forming cells were passaged two to three times and FACS analysis was used to assess cell purity and validate cell-specific surface marker phenotype prior to experimentation. Gene transcripts for a number of cell signaling molecules were assessed using a custom quantitative real-time RT-PCR low-density microarray (94 genes; TaqMan® technology). Results We identified 16 mRNA transcripts that were specifically expressed in BMC-derived HSPC (including Ptprc, c-Kit, Csf3r, Csf2rb2, Ccr4, Cxcr3 and Tie-1), and 14 transcripts specifically expressed in BMMSCs (including Pdgfra, Ddr2, Ngfr, Mst1r, Fgfr2, Epha3, and Ephb3). We also identified 27 transcripts that were specifically upregulated (≥2-fold expression) in BMMSCs relative to HSPCs (Axl, Bmpr1a, Met, Pdgfrb, Fgfr1, Mertk, Cmkor1, Egfr, Epha7, and Ephb4), and 19 transcripts that were specifically upregulated in HSPCs relative to BMMSCs (Ccr1, Csf1r, Csf2ra, Epor, IL6ra, and IL7r). Eleven transcripts were equally expressed (<2-fold upregulation) in HSPCs and BMMSCs (Flt1, Insr, Kdr, Jak1, Agtrl1, Ccr3, Ednrb, Il3ra, Hoxb4, Tnfrsf1a, and Abcb1b), whilst another seven transcripts (Epha6, Epha8, Musk, Ntrk2, Ros1, Srms, and Tnk1) were not expressed in either cell population. Conclusions We demonstrate that besides their unique immunophenotype and functional differences, BMC-derived HSPCs and BMMSCs have different molecular receptor signaling transcript profiles linked to cell survival, growth, cell differentiation status, growth factor/cytokine production and genes involved in cell migration/trafficking/adhesion that may be critical to maintain their pluripotency, plasticity, and stem cell function.
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