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Rehmani T, Dias AP, Applin BD, Salih M, Tuana BS. SLMAP3 is essential for neurulation through mechanisms involving cytoskeletal elements, ABP, and PCP. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302545. [PMID: 39366759 PMCID: PMC11452652 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
SLMAP3 is a tail-anchored membrane protein that targets subcellular organelles and is believed to regulate Hippo signaling. The global loss of SLMAP3 causes late embryonic lethality in mice, with some embryos exhibiting neural tube defects such as craniorachischisis. We show here that SLMAP3 -/- embryos display reduced length and increased width of neural plates, signifying arrested convergent extension. The expression of planar cell polarity (PCP) components Dvl2/3 and the activity of the downstream targets ROCK2, cofilin, and JNK1/2 were dysregulated in SLMAP3 -/- E12.5 brains. Furthermore, the cytoskeletal proteins (γ-tubulin, actin, and nestin) and apical components (PKCζ and ZO-1) were mislocalized in neural tubes of SLMAP3 -/- embryos, with a subsequent decrease in colocalization of PCP proteins (Fzd6 and pDvl2). However, no changes in PCP or cytoskeleton proteins were found in cultured neuroepithelial cells depleted of SLMAP3, suggesting an essential requirement for SLMAP3 for these processes in vivo for neurulation. The loss of SLMAP3 had no impact on Hippo signaling in SLMAP3 -/- embryos, brains, and neural tubes. Proteomic analysis revealed SLMAP3 in an interactome with cytoskeletal components, including nestin, tropomyosin 4, intermediate filaments, plectin, the PCP protein SCRIB, and STRIPAK members in embryonic brains. These results reveal a crucial role of SLMAP3 in neural tube development by regulating the cytoskeleton organization and PCP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Rehmani
- https://ror.org/03c4mmv16 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ana Paula Dias
- https://ror.org/03c4mmv16 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Billi Dawn Applin
- https://ror.org/03c4mmv16 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maysoon Salih
- https://ror.org/03c4mmv16 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Balwant S Tuana
- https://ror.org/03c4mmv16 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Dias AP, Rehmani T, Salih M, Tuana B. Tail-anchored membrane protein SLMAP3 is essential for targeting centrosomal proteins to the nuclear envelope in skeletal myogenesis. Open Biol 2024; 14:240094. [PMID: 39378988 PMCID: PMC11461071 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The positioning and communication between the nucleus and centrosomes are essential in cell division, differentiation and tissue formation. During skeletal myogenesis, the nuclei become evenly spaced with the switch of the microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) from the centrosome to the nuclear envelope (NE). We report that the tail-anchored sarcolemmal membrane associated protein 3 (SLMAP3), a component of the MTOC and NE, is crucial for myogenesis because its deletion in mice leads to a reduction in the NE-MTOC formation, mislocalization of the nuclei, dysregulation of the myogenic programme and abnormal embryonic myofibres. SLMAP3-/- myoblasts also displayed a similar disorganized distribution of nuclei with an aberrant NE-MTOC and defective myofibre formation and differentiation programming. We identified novel interactors of SLMAP3, including pericentrin, PCM1 (pericentriolar material 1), AKAP9 (A-kinase anchoring protein 9), kinesin-1 members Kif5B (kinesin family member 5B), KCL1 (kinesin light chain 1), KLC2 (kinesin light chain 2) and nuclear lamins, and observed that the distribution of centrosomal proteins at the NE together with Nesprin-1 was significantly altered by the loss of SLMAP3 in differentiating myoblasts. SLMAP3 is believed to negatively regulate Hippo signalling, but its loss was without impact on this pathway in developing muscle. These results reveal that SLMAP3 is essential for skeletal myogenesis through unique mechanisms involving the positioning of nuclei, NE-MTOC dynamics and gene programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Dias
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Taha Rehmani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Maysoon Salih
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Balwant Tuana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8M5
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3
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Zahn LA, Lundin-Schiller S. Evidence for microtubule nucleation at the Golgi in breast cancer cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:193-205. [PMID: 37905740 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Golgi-derived microtubule (MT) arrays are essential to directionally persistent cell migration and vesicle transport. In this study, we have examined MT nucleation sites in two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, with the hypothesis that only the migratory invasive MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit MTs originating from the Golgi. MTs were disassembled and allowed to slightly regrow so individual nucleation sites could then be observed via fluorescently tagged antibodies (α-tubulin, cis-Golgi marker GM130, and EB1-a MT plus-end binding protein) and confocal microscopy. To determine if MT nucleation at the Golgi is more apparent during active migration compared to when cells are stationary, cells were treated with the chemoattractant epidermal growth factor (EGF) and examined for colocalizations between the Golgi, α-tubulin, and γ-tubulin. Images were analyzed qualitatively for color overlap, and quantitatively using Manders Colocalization Coefficients. Differences between groups were tested for significance using one-way analysis of variances and Tukey's post hoc test. Significantly higher colocalization values (coloc) in the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells (α-tubulin coloc GM130 = 0.39, GM130 coloc α-tubulin = 0.82, GM130 coloc EB1 = 0.24, and EB1 coloc GM130 = 0.38) compared to the weakly invasive MCF-7 cells (0.15, 0.08, 0.02, and 0.16, respectively) were observed. EGF-treated cells exhibited higher colocalization values than control cells for three of the four protein combinations tested, but EGF-treated MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited significantly higher values (α-tubulin coloc GM130 = 0.20, GM130 coloc α-tubulin = 0.89, and γ-tubulin coloc GM130 = 0.47) than both control groups as well as the EGF-treated MCF-7 cells. Results support the hypothesis that MT nucleation at the Golgi occurs more frequently in the invasive MDA-MB-231 cell line compared to the weakly invasive MCF-7 cells. The presence or absence of Golgi-derived MTs may help to explain the difference in migratory potential commonly exhibited by these two cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Zahn
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Rosito M, Sanchini C, Gosti G, Moreno M, De Panfilis S, Giubettini M, Debellis D, Catalano F, Peruzzi G, Marotta R, Indrieri A, De Leonibus E, De Stefano ME, Ragozzino D, Ruocco G, Di Angelantonio S, Bartolini F. Microglia reactivity entails microtubule remodeling from acentrosomal to centrosomal arrays. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112104. [PMID: 36787220 PMCID: PMC10423306 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia reactivity entails a large-scale remodeling of cellular geometry, but the behavior of the microtubule cytoskeleton during these changes remains unexplored. Here we show that activated microglia provide an example of microtubule reorganization from a non-centrosomal array of parallel and stable microtubules to a radial array of more dynamic microtubules. While in the homeostatic state, microglia nucleate microtubules at Golgi outposts, and activating signaling induces recruitment of nucleating material nearby the centrosome, a process inhibited by microtubule stabilization. Our results demonstrate that a hallmark of microglia reactivity is a striking remodeling of the microtubule cytoskeleton and suggest that while pericentrosomal microtubule nucleation may serve as a distinct marker of microglia activation, inhibition of microtubule dynamics may provide a different strategy to reduce microglia reactivity in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosito
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Sanchini
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gosti
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy; Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone De Panfilis
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Doriana Debellis
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Catalano
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Egle De Stefano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Physics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; D-Tails s.r.l, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Vijayan K, Arang N, Wei L, Morrison R, Geiger R, Parks KR, Lewis AJ, Mast FD, Douglass AN, Kain HS, Aitchison JD, Johnson JS, Aderem A, Kaushansky A. A genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies CENPJ as a host regulator of altered microtubule organization during Plasmodium liver infection. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1419-1433.e5. [PMID: 35738280 PMCID: PMC9481707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prior to initiating symptomatic malaria, a single Plasmodium sporozoite infects a hepatocyte and develops into thousands of merozoites, in part by scavenging host resources, likely delivered by vesicles. Here, we demonstrate that host microtubules (MTs) dynamically reorganize around the developing liver stage (LS) parasite to facilitate vesicular transport to the parasite. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identified host regulators of cytoskeleton organization, vesicle trafficking, and ER/Golgi stress that regulate LS development. Foci of γ-tubulin localized to the parasite periphery; depletion of centromere protein J (CENPJ), a novel regulator identified in the screen, exacerbated this re-localization and increased infection. We demonstrate that the Golgi acts as a non-centrosomal MT organizing center (ncMTOC) by positioning γ-tubulin and stimulating MT nucleation at parasite periphery. Together, these data support a model where the Plasmodium LS recruits host Golgi to form MT-mediated conduits along which host organelles are recruited to PVM and support parasite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalakannan Vijayan
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nadia Arang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Morrison
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rechel Geiger
- MSTP Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Rachael Parks
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam J Lewis
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fred D Mast
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alyse N Douglass
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather S Kain
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alan Aderem
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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Thoppil RJ, Sanders AAWM, Kaverina I. Detection of Microtubule Nucleation Hotspots at the Golgi. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2101:179-189. [PMID: 31879905 PMCID: PMC7015078 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0219-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarization is important for multiple physiological processes. In motile cells, microtubules (MTs) are organized as a polarized array, which is to a large extent comprised of Golgi-derived MTs (GDMTs), which asymmetrically extend toward the cell front. We have recently found that GDMT asymmetry is based on a nonrandom positioning of spatially restricted nucleation hotspots, where MTs form in a cooperative manner. Here, we summarize methods used for GDMT identification including microtubule regrowth after complete drug-induced depolymerization and tracking of growing microtubules using fluorescent MT plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs) in living cells, and subsequent detection of those GDMTs that originate from the nucleation hotspots. These approaches can be used for quantification of the spatial distribution of MT nucleation events associated with the Golgi or another large structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslin J Thoppil
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna A W M Sanders
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Ayala I, Crispino R, Colanzi A. GRASP65 controls Golgi position and structure during G2/M transition by regulating the stability of microtubules. Traffic 2019; 20:785-802. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC)National Research Council (CNR) Naples Italy
| | - Roberta Crispino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) Pozzuoli Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC)National Research Council (CNR) Naples Italy
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8
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Alieva IB, Berezinskaya T, Borisy GG, Vorobjev IA. Centrosome nucleates numerous ephemeral microtubules and only few of them participate in the radial array. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1203-16. [PMID: 25998195 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that long microtubules (MTs) grow from the centrosome with their minus ends anchored there and plus ends directed towards cell membrane. However, recent findings show this scheme to be an oversimplification. To further analyze the relationship between the centrosome and the MT array we undertook a detailed study on the MTs growing from the centrosome after microinjection of Cy3 labeled tubulin and transfection of cells with EB1-GFP. To evaluate MTs around the centrosome two approaches were used: path photobleaching across the centrosome area (Komarova et al., ) and sequential image subtraction analysis (Vorobjev et al., ). We show that about 50% of MTs had been nucleated at the centrosome are short-living: their mean length was 1.8 ± 0.8 μm and their life span - 7 ± 2 s. MTs initiated from the centrosome also rarely reach cell margin, since their elongation was limited and growth after shortening (rescue) was rare. After initial growth all MTs associated with the centrosome converted to pause or shortening. After pause MTs associated with the centrosome mainly depolymerized via the plus end shortening. Stability of the minus ends of cytoplasmic MTs was the same as for centrosomal ones. We conclude that in fibroblasts (1) the default behavior of free MTs in the cell interior is biased dynamic instability (i.e., random walk of the plus ends with significant positive drift); (2) MTs born at the centrosome show "dynamic instability" type behavior with no boundary; and (3) that the extended radial array is formed predominantly by MTs not associated with the centrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina B Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Berezinskaya
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gary G Borisy
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Zhu X, Kaverina I. Golgi as an MTOC: making microtubules for its own good. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:361-7. [PMID: 23821162 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In cells, microtubules (MTs) are nucleated at MT-organizing centers (MTOCs). The centrosome-based MTOCs organize radial MT arrays, which are often not optimal for polarized trafficking. A recently discovered subset of non-centrosomal MTs nucleated at the Golgi has proven to be indispensable for the Golgi organization, post-Golgi trafficking and cell polarity. Here, we summarize the history of this discovery, known molecular prerequisites of MT nucleation at the Golgi and unique functions of Golgi-derived MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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10
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Grimaldi AD, Fomicheva M, Kaverina I. Ice recovery assay for detection of Golgi-derived microtubules. Methods Cell Biol 2013; 118:401-15. [PMID: 24295320 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417164-0.00024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proper organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton is essential for many cellular processes including maintenance of Golgi organization and cell polarity. Traditionally, the centrosome is considered to be the major microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the cell; however, microtubule nucleation can also occur through centrosome-independent mechanisms. Recently, the Golgi has been described as an additional, centrosome-independent, MTOC with distinct cellular functions. Golgi-derived microtubules contribute to the formation of an asymmetric microtubule network, control Golgi organization, and support polarized trafficking and directed migration in motile cells. In this chapter, we present an assay using recovery from ice treatment to evaluate the potential of the Golgi, or other MTOCs, to nucleate microtubules. This technique allows for clear separation of distinct MTOCs and observation of newly nucleated microtubules at these locations, which are normally obscured by the dense microtubule network present at steady-state conditions. This type of analysis is important for discovery and characterization of noncentrosomal MTOCs and, ultimately, understanding of their unique cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Grimaldi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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