1
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Buntval K, Dobrovolny HM. Modeling of oncolytic viruses in a heterogeneous cell population to predict spread into non-cancerous cells. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107362. [PMID: 37633084 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
New cancer treatment modalities that limit patient discomfort need to be developed. One possible new therapy is the use of oncolytic (cancer-killing) viruses. It is only recently that our ability to manipulate viral genomes has allowed us to consider deliberately infecting cancer patients with viruses. One key consideration is to ensure that the virus exclusively targets cancer cells and does not harm nearby non-cancerous cells. Here, we use a mathematical model of viral infection to determine the characteristics a virus would need to have in order to eradicate a tumor, but leave non-cancerous cells untouched. We conclude that the virus must differ in its ability to infect the two different cell types, with the infection rate of non-cancerous cells needing to be less than one hundredth of the infection rate of cancer cells. Differences in viral production rate or infectious cell death rate alone are not sufficient to protect non-cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Buntval
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Hana M Dobrovolny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America.
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2
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Reale A, Krutzke L, Cadamuro M, Vitiello A, von Einem J, Kochanek S, Palù G, Parolin C, Calistri A. Human Monocytes Are Suitable Carriers for the Delivery of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Vitro and in a Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119255. [PMID: 37298206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are promising therapeutics for tumors with a poor prognosis. An OV based on herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1), talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of unresectable melanoma. T-VEC, like most OVs, is administered via intratumoral injection, underlining the unresolved problem of the systemic delivery of the oncolytic agent for the treatment of metastases and deep-seated tumors. To address this drawback, cells with a tropism for tumors can be loaded ex vivo with OVs and used as carriers for systemic oncolytic virotherapy. Here, we evaluated human monocytes as carrier cells for a prototype oHSV-1 with a similar genetic backbone as T-VEC. Many tumors specifically recruit monocytes from the bloodstream, and autologous monocytes can be obtained from peripheral blood. We demonstrate here that oHSV-1-loaded primary human monocytes migrated in vitro towards epithelial cancer cells of different origin. Moreover, human monocytic leukemia cells selectively delivered oHSV-1 to human head-and-neck xenograft tumors grown on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs after intravascular injection. Thus, our work shows that monocytes are promising carriers for the delivery of oHSV-1s in vivo, deserving further investigation in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Reale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Adriana Vitiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Jens von Einem
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Parolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
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3
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Lin D, Shen Y, Liang T. Oncolytic virotherapy: basic principles, recent advances and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:156. [PMID: 37041165 PMCID: PMC10090134 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted growing awareness in the twenty-first century, as they are generally considered to have direct oncolysis and cancer immune effects. With the progress in genetic engineering technology, OVs have been adopted as versatile platforms for developing novel antitumor strategies, used alone or in combination with other therapies. Recent studies have yielded eye-catching results that delineate the promising clinical outcomes that OVs would bring about in the future. In this review, we summarized the basic principles of OVs in terms of their classifications, as well as the recent advances in OV-modification strategies based on their characteristics, biofunctions, and cancer hallmarks. Candidate OVs are expected to be designed as "qualified soldiers" first by improving target fidelity and safety, and then equipped with "cold weapons" for a proper cytocidal effect, "hot weapons" capable of activating cancer immunotherapy, or "auxiliary weapons" by harnessing tactics such as anti-angiogenesis, reversed metabolic reprogramming and decomposing extracellular matrix around tumors. Combinations with other cancer therapeutic agents have also been elaborated to show encouraging antitumor effects. Robust results from clinical trials using OV as a treatment congruously suggested its significance in future application directions and challenges in developing OVs as novel weapons for tactical decisions in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinan Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Zhang N, Li J, Yu J, Wan Y, Zhang C, Zhang H, Cao Y. Construction of an IL12 and CXCL11 armed oncolytic herpes simplex virus using the CRISPR/Cas9 system for colon cancer treatment. Virus Res 2023; 323:198979. [PMID: 36283533 PMCID: PMC10194376 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are an emerging cancer treatment modality with promising results in clinical trials. The new generation of oncolytic viruses are genetically modified to enhance virus selectivity for tumor cells and allow local expression of therapeutic genes in tumors. The traditional technique for viral genome engineering based on homologous recombination using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) system is laborious and time-consuming. With the advent of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, the efficiency of gene editing in human cells and other organisms has dramatically increased. In this report, we successfully applied the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to construct an HSV-based oncolytic virus, where the ICP34.5 coding region was replaced with the therapeutic genes murine interleukin 12 (IL12, p40-p35) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11), and ICP47 gene was deleted. The combination of IL12 and CXCL11 in oncolytic viruses showed considerable promise in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Overall, our study describes genetic modification of the HSV-1 genome using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and provides evidence from principle studies for engineering of the HSV genome to express foreign genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianchao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingxuan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yajuan Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Youjia Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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5
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Goradel NH, Alizadeh A, Hosseinzadeh S, Taghipour M, Ghesmati Z, Arashkia A, Negahdari B. Oncolytic virotherapy as promising immunotherapy against cancer: mechanisms of resistance to oncolytic viruses. Future Oncol 2021; 18:245-259. [PMID: 34821517 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has currently emerged as a powerful therapeutic approach in cancer treatment. Although the history of using viruses goes back to the early 20th century, the approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) in 2015 increased interest in oncolytic viruses (OVs). OVs are multifaceted biotherapeutic agents because they replicate in and kill tumor cells and augment immune responses by releasing immunostimulatory molecules from lysed cells. Despite promising results, some limitations hinder the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. The delivery challenges and the upregulation of checkpoints following oncolytic virotherapy also mediate resistance to OVs by diminishing immune responses. Furthermore, the localization of receptors of viruses in the tight junctions, interferon responses, and the aberrant expression of genes involved in the cell cycle of the virus, including their infection and replication, reduce the efficacy of OVs. In this review, we present different mechanisms of resistance to OVs and strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Alizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mitra Taghipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghesmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Mihelson N, McGavern DB. Viral Control of Glioblastoma. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071264. [PMID: 34209584 PMCID: PMC8310222 DOI: 10.3390/v13071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a universally lethal cancer of the central nervous system. Patients with GBM have a median survival of 14 months and a 5-year survival of less than 5%, a grim statistic that has remained unchanged over the last 50 years. GBM is intransigent for a variety of reasons. The immune system has a difficult time mounting a response against glioblastomas because they reside in the brain (an immunologically dampened compartment) and generate few neoantigens relative to other cancers. Glioblastomas inhabit the brain like sand in the grass and display a high degree of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, impeding efforts to therapeutically target a single pathway. Of all potential therapeutic strategies to date, virotherapy offers the greatest chance of counteracting each of the obstacles mounted by GBM. Virotherapy can xenogenize a tumor that is deft at behaving like “self”, triggering adaptive immune recognition in an otherwise immunologically quiet compartment. Viruses can also directly lyse tumor cells, creating damage and further stimulating secondary immune reactions that are detrimental to tumor growth. In this review, we summarize the basic immune mechanisms underpinning GBM immune evasion and the recent successes achieved using virotherapies.
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7
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Lu SY, Hua J, Xu J, Wei MY, Liang C, Meng QC, Liu J, Zhang B, Wang W, Yu XJ, Shi S. Microorganisms in chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: An overview of current research and future directions. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2666-2682. [PMID: 34326701 PMCID: PMC8315022 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system with a very high mortality rate. While gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the predominant treatment for terminal pancreatic cancer, its therapeutic effect is not satisfactory. Recently, many studies have found that microorganisms not only play a consequential role in the occurrence and progression of pancreatic cancer but also modulate the effect of chemotherapy to some extent. Moreover, microorganisms may become an important biomarker for predicting pancreatic carcinogenesis and detecting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. However, the existing experimental literature is not sufficient or convincing. Therefore, further exploration and experiments are imperative to understanding the mechanism underlying the interaction between microorganisms and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we primarily summarize and discuss the influences of oncolytic viruses and bacteria on pancreatic cancer chemotherapy because these are the two types of microorganisms that are most often studied. We focus on some potential methods specific to these two types of microorganisms that can be used to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao-Yan Wei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Cai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Efficient Editing of an Adenoviral Vector Genome with CRISPR/Cas9. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 61:91-95. [PMID: 33505098 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on genetic modification of T cells has played an important role in the treatment of tumors and viral infections. Moreover, adenoviral vectors engineered with improved safety due to their inability to integrate into the host genome have been key in the clinical application of T cell therapy. However, the commonly used adenoviral vector Ad5 exhibits low efficiency of infection of human T cells and the details of the intracellular trafficking pathway of adenoviral vectors in human primary T cells remains unclear. Resolution of these issues will depend on successful modification of the adenoviral vector. To this end, here we describe the successful establishment of a simple and efficient method for editing adenoviral vectors in vitro using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to target the adenoviral fiber gene.
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9
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Cheng JT, Wang YY, Zhu LZ, Zhang Y, Cai WQ, Han ZW, Zhou Y, Wang XW, Peng XC, Xiang Y, Yang HY, Cui SZ, Ma Z, Liu BR, Xin HW. Novel transcription regulatory sequences and factors of the immune evasion protein ICP47 (US12) of herpes simplex viruses. Virol J 2020; 17:101. [PMID: 32650799 PMCID: PMC7377220 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause encephalitis. Its infected cell polypeptide 47 (ICP47), encoded by immediate-early gene US12, promotes immune escape. ICP47 was modified in the clinically approved oncolytic HSV (oHSV) T-Vec. However, transcription regulatory sequence (TRS) and transcription regulatory factor (TRF) of HSV US12 are seldom reported. METHODS Previously, our laboratory isolated a new HSV strain named HSV-1-LXMW from a male patient with oral herpes in Beijing, China. Firstly, the genetic tree was used to analyze its genetic relationship. The US12 TRS and TRF in HSV-1-LXMW were found by using predictive software. Secondly, the further verification by the multi-sequence comparative analysis shown that the upstream DNA sequence of HSV US12 gene contained the conserved region. Finally, the results of literature search shown that the expression of transcription factors was related to the tissue affinity of HSV-1 and HSV-2, so as to increase the new understanding of the transcriptional regulation of HSV biology and oncolytic virus (OVs) therapy. RESULTS Here we reported the transcriptional regulation region sequence of our new HSV-1-LXMW, and its close relationship with HSV-1-CR38 and HSV-1-17. Importantly we identified eight different kinds of novel TRSs and TRFs of HSV US12 for the first time, and found they are conserved among HSV-1 (c-Rel, Elk-1, Pax-4), HSV-2 (Oct-1, CF2-II, E74A, StuAp) or both HSVs (HNF-4). The TRFs c-Rel and Oct-1 are biologically functional respectively in immune escape and viral replication during HSV infection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have important implication to HSV biology, infection, immunity and oHSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Lin-Zhong Zhu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. 52, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Qi Cai
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Zi-Wen Han
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Xian-Wang Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Yu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
| | - Bing-Rong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China. .,Lianjiang People's Hospital, Guangdong, 524400, China.
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10
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Taguchi S, Fukuhara H, Todo T. Oncolytic virus therapy in Japan: progress in clinical trials and future perspectives. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2019; 49:201-209. [PMID: 30462296 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyy170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy is a promising new option for cancer. It utilizes genetically engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells without harming normal cells. T-VEC (talimogene laherparepvec), a second-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of inoperable melanoma in 2015 and subsequently approved in Europe in 2016. Other oncolytic viruses using different parental viruses have also been tested in Phase III clinical trials and are ready for drug approval: Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec), an oncolytic vaccinia virus, CG0070, an oncolytic adenovirus, and REOLYSIN (pelareorep), an oncolytic reovirus. In Japan, as of May 2018, several oncolytic viruses have been developed, and some have already proceeded to clinical trials. In this review, we summarize clinical trials assessing oncolytic virus therapy that were conducted or are currently ongoing in Japan, specifically, T-VEC, the abovementioned oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, G47Δ, a third-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, HF10, a naturally attenuated oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, Telomelysin, an oncolytic adenovirus, Surv.m-CRA, another oncolytic adenovirus, and Sendai virus particle. In the near future, oncolytic virus therapy may become an important and major treatment option for cancer in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Taguchi
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Samy RN, Earl BR, Lipschitz N, Schweinzger I, Currier M, Cripe T. Engineered oncolytic virus for the treatment of cholesteatoma: A pilot in vivo study. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:532-542. [PMID: 31637298 PMCID: PMC6793611 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Determine if oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) can eradicate cholesteatoma (CHST) in a gerbil model. Methods An in vivo model of CHST was developed in Mongolian gerbils by combining Pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculation with double ligation of the external auditory canal (EAC). CHST size and bone thickness were measured using morphometric and volumetric quantification techniques via micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). The CHST induction and quantification techniques were then used in an additional group of 10 gerbils (n = 20 ears) to determine the within‐group treatment efficacy of oHSV against CHST in vivo. Treated animals received either one, two, or three intrabullar injections of oHSV between 2 and 6 weeks postinduction of CHST. Results The P. aeruginosa inoculation plus double EAC ligation technique successfully induced a range of CHST growth in 100% of the ears in the model‐development group. Osteolytic effects of CHST were observed in 6% of ears whereas osteoblastic effects were observed in 31% of ears. CHST volume decreased by 50% or more in 12 of the 20 ears in the oHSV‐treatment groups. An apparent reversal of osteoblastic effects was also observed in three out of four ears 6 weeks following the third oHSV injection. Conclusions P. aeruginosa inoculation plus double EAC ligation reliably induces CHST formation in gerbil. CT‐based volumetric measures are significantly more accurate than single‐slice morphometric area measures for quantification of CHST size. Treatment with oHSV appears to be efficacious for reducing CHST volume by as much as 77% with as few as one treatment. Level of Evidence NA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi N Samy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A.,Neurosensory Disorders Center at University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A.,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A
| | - Brian R Earl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A
| | - Noga Lipschitz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A
| | - Ivy Schweinzger
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A
| | - Mark Currier
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio U.S.A
| | - Timothy Cripe
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio U.S.A.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio U.S.A
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12
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PTEN expression by an oncolytic herpesvirus directs T-cell mediated tumor clearance. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5006. [PMID: 30479334 PMCID: PMC6258708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered oncolytic viruses are used clinically to destroy cancer cells and have the ability to boost anticancer immunity. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 loss is common across a broad range of malignancies, and is implicated in immune escape. The N-terminally extended isoform, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 alpha (PTENα), regulates cellular functions including protein kinase B signaling and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. Here we constructed HSV-P10, a replicating, PTENα expressing oncolytic herpesvirus, and demonstrate that it inhibits PI3K/AKT signaling, increases cellular adenosine triphosphate secretion, and reduces programmed death-ligand 1 expression in infected tumor cells, thus priming an adaptive immune response and overcoming tumor immune escape. A single dose of HSV-P10 resulted in long term survivors in mice bearing intracranial tumors, priming anticancer T-cell immunity leading to tumor rejection. This implicates HSV-P10 as an oncolytic and immune stimulating therapeutic for anticancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses are a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. The authors demonstrate the efficacy of an engineered HSV-1 expressing PTENα as an oncolytic and immune stimulating therapy against brain cancer metastases.
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13
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Bahreyni A, Ghorbani E, Fuji H, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Erfani M, Avan A, Hassanian SM, Azadmanesh K. Therapeutic potency of oncolytic virotherapy-induced cancer stem cells targeting in brain tumors, current status, and perspectives. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2766-2773. [PMID: 30321455 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are the most common form of solid tumors in children and is presently a serious therapeutic challenge worldwide. Traditional treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy was shown to be unsuccessful in targeting brain tumor cancer stem cells (CSCs), leading to recurrent, treatment-resistant secondary malignancies. Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an effective antitumor therapeutic strategy which offers a novel, targeted approach for eradicating pediatric brain tumor CSCs by utilizing mechanisms of cell killing that differ from conventional therapies. A number of studies and some clinical trials have therefore investigated the effects of combined therapy of radiations or chemotherapies with oncolytic viruses which provide new insights regarding the effectiveness and improvement of treatment responses for brain cancer patients. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the therapeutic potency of OVs-induced CSCs targeting in the treatment of brain tumors for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Microbiology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Fuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Payame-Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Erfani
- Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed M Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Sheen MR, Fiering S. In situ
vaccination: Harvesting low hanging fruit on the cancer immunotherapy tree. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 11:e1524. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mee Rie Sheen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Harvard Medical School/Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon New Hampshire
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15
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Lee CS, Bishop ES, Zhang R, Yu X, Farina EM, Yan S, Zhao C, Zeng Z, Shu Y, Wu X, Lei J, Li Y, Zhang W, Yang C, Wu K, Wu Y, Ho S, Athiviraham A, Lee MJ, Wolf JM, Reid RR, He TC. Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery: Potential Applications for Gene and Cell-Based Therapies in the New Era of Personalized Medicine. Genes Dis 2017; 4:43-63. [PMID: 28944281 PMCID: PMC5609467 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With rapid advances in understanding molecular pathogenesis of human diseases in the era of genome sciences and systems biology, it is anticipated that increasing numbers of therapeutic genes or targets will become available for targeted therapies. Despite numerous setbacks, efficacious gene and/or cell-based therapies still hold the great promise to revolutionize the clinical management of human diseases. It is wildly recognized that poor gene delivery is the limiting factor for most in vivo gene therapies. There has been a long-lasting interest in using viral vectors, especially adenoviral vectors, to deliver therapeutic genes for the past two decades. Among all currently available viral vectors, adenovirus is the most efficient gene delivery system in a broad range of cell and tissue types. The applications of adenoviral vectors in gene delivery have greatly increased in number and efficiency since their initial development. In fact, among over 2,000 gene therapy clinical trials approved worldwide since 1989, a significant portion of the trials have utilized adenoviral vectors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the characteristics of adenoviral vectors, including adenoviral biology, approaches to engineering adenoviral vectors, and their applications in clinical and pre-clinical studies with an emphasis in the areas of cancer treatment, vaccination and regenerative medicine. Current challenges and future directions regarding the use of adenoviral vectors are also discussed. It is expected that the continued improvements in adenoviral vectors should provide great opportunities for cell and gene therapies to live up to its enormous potential in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S. Lee
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elliot S. Bishop
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Evan M. Farina
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xingye Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiayan Lei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yasha Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Diagnostics, The Affiliated Yantai Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sherwin Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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16
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Taguchi S, Fukuhara H, Homma Y, Todo T. Current status of clinical trials assessing oncolytic virus therapy for urological cancers. Int J Urol 2017; 24:342-351. [PMID: 28326624 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy has recently been recognized as a promising new option for cancer treatment. Oncolytic viruses replicate selectively in cancer cells, thus killing them without harming normal cells. Notably, T-VEC (talimogene laherparepvec, formerly called OncoVEXGM-CSF ), an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of inoperable melanoma in October 2015, and was subsequently approved in Europe and Australia in 2016. The efficacies of many types of oncolytic viruses against urological cancers have been investigated in preclinical studies during the past decade, and some have already been tested in clinical trials. For example, a phase I trial of the third-generation oncolytic Herpes simplex virus type 1, G47Δ, in patients with prostate cancer was completed in 2016. We summarize the current status of clinical trials of oncolytic virus therapy in patients with the three major urological cancers: prostate, bladder and renal cell cancers. In addition to Herpes simplex virus type 1, adenoviruses, reoviruses, vaccinia virus, Sendai virus and Newcastle disease virus have also been used as parental viruses in these trials. We believe that oncolytic virus therapy is likely to become an important and major treatment option for urological cancers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Taguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Lin C, Li H, Hao M, Xiong D, Luo Y, Huang C, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Xia N. Increasing the Efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Precise Genome Editing of HSV-1 Virus in Human Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34531. [PMID: 27713537 PMCID: PMC5054376 DOI: 10.1038/srep34531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified HSV-1 viruses serve as promising vectors for tumour therapy and vaccine development. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is one of the most powerful tools for precise gene editing of the genomes of organisms. However, whether the CRISPR/Cas9 system can precisely and efficiently make gene replacements in the genome of HSV-1 remains essentially unknown. Here, we reported CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the HSV-1 genome in human cells, including the knockout and replacement of large genes. In established cells stably expressing CRISPR/Cas9, gRNA in coordination with Cas9 could direct a precise cleavage within a pre-defined target region, and foreign genes were successfully used to replace the target gene seamlessly by HDR-mediated gene replacement. Introducing the NHEJ inhibitor SCR7 to the CRISPR/Cas9 system greatly facilitated HDR-mediated gene replacement in the HSV-1 genome. We provided the first genetic evidence that two copies of the ICP0 gene in different locations on the same HSV-1 genome could be simultaneously modified with high efficiency and with no off-target modifications. We also developed a revolutionized isolation platform for desired recombinant viruses using single-cell sorting. Together, our work provides a significantly improved method for targeted editing of DNA viruses, which will facilitate the development of anti-cancer oncolytic viruses and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mengru Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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18
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Fukuhara H, Ino Y, Todo T. Oncolytic virus therapy: A new era of cancer treatment at dawn. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1373-1379. [PMID: 27486853 PMCID: PMC5084676 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy is perhaps the next major breakthrough in cancer treatment following the success in immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncolytic viruses are defined as genetically engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells without harming the normal tissues. T‐Vec (talimogene laherparepvec), a second‐generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) armed with GM‐CSF, was recently approved as the first oncolytic virus drug in the USA and Europe. The phase III trial proved that local intralesional injections with T‐Vec in advanced malignant melanoma patients can not only suppress the growth of injected tumors but also act systemically and prolong overall survival. Other oncolytic viruses that are closing in on drug approval in North America and Europe include vaccinia virus JX‐594 (pexastimogene devacirepvec) for hepatocellular carcinoma, GM‐CSF‐expressing adenovirus CG0070 for bladder cancer, and Reolysin (pelareorep), a wild‐type variant of reovirus, for head and neck cancer. In Japan, a phase II clinical trial of G47∆, a third‐generation oncolytic HSV‐1, is ongoing in glioblastoma patients. G47∆ was recently designated as a “Sakigake” breakthrough therapy drug in Japan. This new system by the Japanese government should provide G47∆ with priority reviews and a fast‐track drug approval by the regulatory authorities. Whereas numerous oncolytic viruses have been subjected to clinical trials, the common feature that is expected to play a major role in prolonging the survival of cancer patients is an induction of specific antitumor immunity in the course of tumor‐specific viral replication. It appears that it will not be long before oncolytic virus therapy becomes a standard therapeutic option for all cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ino
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Yuan M, Webb E, Lemoine NR, Wang Y. CRISPR-Cas9 as a Powerful Tool for Efficient Creation of Oncolytic Viruses. Viruses 2016; 8:72. [PMID: 26959050 PMCID: PMC4810262 DOI: 10.3390/v8030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of oncolytic viruses has led to an emerging new class of cancer therapeutics. Although the safety profile has been encouraging, the transition of oncolytic viruses to the clinical setting has been a slow process due to modifications. Therefore, a new generation of more potent oncolytic viruses needs to be exploited, following our better understanding of the complex interactions between the tumor, its microenvironment, the virus, and the host immune response. The conventional method for creation of tumor-targeted oncolytic viruses is based on homologous recombination. However, the creation of new mutant oncolytic viruses with large genomes remains a challenge due to the multi-step process and low efficiency of homologous recombination. The CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 has hugely advanced the potential to edit the genomes of various organisms due to the ability of Cas9 to target a specific genomic site by a single guide RNA. In this review, we discuss the CRISPR-Cas9 system as an efficient viral editing method for the creation of new oncolytic viruses, as well as its potential future applications in the development of oncolytic viruses. Further, this review discusses the potential of off-target effects as well as CRISPR-Cas9 as a tool for basic research into viral biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Eika Webb
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Nicholas Robert Lemoine
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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20
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Bi Y, Sun L, Gao D, Ding C, Li Z, Li Y, Cun W, Li Q. High-efficiency targeted editing of large viral genomes by RNA-guided nucleases. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004090. [PMID: 24788700 PMCID: PMC4006927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and efficient method for the precise editing of large viral genomes is required for the selection of attenuated vaccine strains and the construction of gene therapy vectors. The type II prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas)) RNA-guided nuclease system can be introduced into host cells during viral replication. The CRISPR-Cas9 system robustly stimulates targeted double-stranded breaks in the genomes of DNA viruses, where the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR) pathways can be exploited to introduce site-specific indels or insert heterologous genes with high frequency. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas9 can specifically inhibit the replication of the original virus, thereby significantly increasing the abundance of the recombinant virus among progeny virus. As a result, purified recombinant virus can be obtained with only a single round of selection. In this study, we used recombinant adenovirus and type I herpes simplex virus as examples to demonstrate that the CRISPR-Cas9 system is a valuable tool for editing the genomes of large DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Bi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development of Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Le Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development of Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development of Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development of Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development of Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development of Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Cun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development of Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development of Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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21
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Okemoto K, Wagner B, Meisen H, Haseley A, Kaur B, Chiocca EA. STAT3 activation promotes oncolytic HSV1 replication in glioma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71932. [PMID: 23936533 PMCID: PMC3732216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies report that STAT3 signaling is a master regulator of mesenchymal transformation of gliomas and that STAT3 modulated genes are highly expressed in the mesenchymal transcriptome of gliomas. A currently studied experimental treatment for gliomas consists of intratumoral injection of oncolytic viruses (OV), such as oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV). We have described one particular oHSV (rQNestin34.5) that exhibits potent anti-glioma activity in animal models. Here, we hypothesized that alterations in STAT3 signaling in glioma cells may affect the replicative ability of rQNestin34.5. In fact, human U251 glioma cells engineered to either over-express STAT3 or with genetic down-regulation of STAT3 supported oHSV replication to a significantly higher or lesser degree, respectively, when compared to controls. Administration of pharmacologic agents that increase STAT3 phosphorylation/activation (Valproic Acid) or increase STAT3 levels (Interleukin 6) also significantly enhanced oHSV replication. Instead, administration of inhibitors of STAT3 phosphorylation/activation (LLL12) significantly reduced oHSV replication. STAT3 led to a reduction in interferon signaling in oHSV infected cells and inhibition of interferon signaling abolished the effect of STAT3 on oHSV replication. These data thus indicate that STAT3 signaling in malignant gliomas enhances oHSV replication, likely by inhibiting the interferon response in infected glioma cells, thus suggesting avenues for possible potentiation of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okemoto
- Dardinger Center for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, James Cancer Hospital/Solove Research Institute/Comprehensive Cancer Center and Wexner Medical Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Wagner
- Dardinger Center for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, James Cancer Hospital/Solove Research Institute/Comprehensive Cancer Center and Wexner Medical Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hans Meisen
- Dardinger Center for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, James Cancer Hospital/Solove Research Institute/Comprehensive Cancer Center and Wexner Medical Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy Haseley
- Dardinger Center for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, James Cancer Hospital/Solove Research Institute/Comprehensive Cancer Center and Wexner Medical Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Dardinger Center for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, James Cancer Hospital/Solove Research Institute/Comprehensive Cancer Center and Wexner Medical Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ennio Antonio Chiocca
- Dardinger Center for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, James Cancer Hospital/Solove Research Institute/Comprehensive Cancer Center and Wexner Medical Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for the Neurosciences at the Brigham, Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner Hospital and Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Laberge RM, Adler D, DeMaria M, Mechtouf N, Teachenor R, Cardin GB, Desprez PY, Campisi J, Rodier F. Mitochondrial DNA damage induces apoptosis in senescent cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e727. [PMID: 23868060 PMCID: PMC3730395 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular response to damage and stress. The senescence response prevents cancer by suppressing the proliferation of cells with a compromised genome and contributes to optimal wound healing in normal tissues. Persistent senescent cells are also thought to drive aging and age-associated pathologies through their secretion of inflammatory factors that modify the tissue microenvironment and alter the function of nearby normal or transformed cells. Understanding how senescent cells alter the microenvironment would be aided by the ability to induce or eliminate senescent cells at will in vivo. Here, we combine the use of the synthetic nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV) with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) activity to create or eliminate senescent human cells. We show that low concentrations of GCV induce senescence through the accumulation of nuclear DNA damage while higher concentrations of GCV, similar to those used in vivo, kill non-dividing senescent cells via mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Using this system, we effectively eliminated xenografted normal human senescent fibroblasts or induced senescence in human breast cancer cells in vivo. Thus, cellular senescence and mtDNA damage are outcomes of synthetic nucleoside analog treatment, indicating that the GCV-HSVtk combination can be used effectively to promote the targeted formation or eradication of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-M Laberge
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
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CEA promoter-regulated oncolytic adenovirus-mediated Hsp70 expression in immune gene therapy for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 319:154-163. [PMID: 22261331 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is an important means for the comprehensive treatment of pancreatic cancer. Challenges associated with gene therapy include control of vector security and effective genetic screening. In this paper, a CEA promoter-regulated oncolytic adenovirus vector was constructed. The reporter gene assay demonstrated that the viral vector was confirmed to have tumor-specific replication features. In vitro cytology studies showed that the CEA promoter regulated the proliferation of the adenovirus vector carrying the Hsp70 gene (AdCEAp-Hsp70), which significantly increased the expression levels of Hsp70 in the CEA-positive pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in an overall reduction in the survival of cancer cells. In the human pancreatic cancer Panc-1 xenograft model in immune deficient nude mice, the CEA promoter-regulated adenovirus AdCEAp-Hsp70 significantly inhibited tumor growth. In the rat pancreatic cancer DSL-6A/C1 xenograft model in rats, the viral proliferation and high expression levels of Hsp70 promoted the interstitial infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ and gamma/delta T cells into tumors, induced host secretion of the cytokines TGF-β, INF-γ, and IL-6 and had a dual anti-tumor effects that completely inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer. The results demonstrated that the oncolytic adenovirus under the control of CEA promoter provides additional assurances regarding the safety and efficiency of cancer gene therapy. This gene therapy model improves anti-cancer efficiency and has broad applications and developmental prospects.
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