1
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Tikhomirov E, Franconetti A, Johansson M, Sandström C, Carlsson E, Andersson B, Hailer NP, Ferraz N, Palo-Nieto C. A Simple and Cost-Effective FeCl 3-Catalyzed Functionalization of Cellulose Nanofibrils: Toward Adhesive Nanocomposite Materials for Medical Implants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30385-30395. [PMID: 38816917 PMCID: PMC11181277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, we explored Lewis acid catalysis, via FeCl3, for the heterogeneous surface functionalization of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). This approach, characterized by its simplicity and efficiency, facilitates the amidation of nonactivated carboxylic acids in carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils (c-CNF). Following the optimization of reaction conditions, we successfully introduced amine-containing polymers, such as polyethylenimine and Jeffamine, onto nanofibers. This introduction significantly enhanced the physicochemical properties of the CNF-based materials, resulting in improved characteristics such as adhesiveness and thermal stability. Reaction mechanistic investigations suggested that endocyclic oxygen of cellulose finely stabilizes the transition state required for further functionalization. Notably, a nanocomposite, containing CNF and a branched low molecular weight polyethylenimine (CNF-PEI 800), was synthesized using the catalytic reaction. The composite CNF-PEI 800 was thoroughly characterized having in mind its potential application as coating biomaterial for medical implants. The resulting CNF-PEI 800 hydrogel exhibits adhesive properties, which complement the established antibacterial qualities of polyethylenimine. Furthermore, CNF-PEI 800 demonstrates its ability to support the proliferation and differentiation of primary human osteoblasts over a period of 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Tikhomirov
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
| | - Antonio Franconetti
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Mathias Johansson
- Department
of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University
of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 756 51, Sweden
| | - Corine Sandström
- Department
of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University
of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 756 51, Sweden
| | - Elin Carlsson
- Ortholab,
Department of Surgical Sciences—Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Brittmarie Andersson
- Ortholab,
Department of Surgical Sciences—Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Nils P Hailer
- Ortholab,
Department of Surgical Sciences—Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
| | - Carlos Palo-Nieto
- Nanotechnology
and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 03, Sweden
- Ortholab,
Department of Surgical Sciences—Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
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2
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Quantitative Real-Time Gene Profiling of Human Alveolar Osteoblasts Using a One-Step System. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2588:417-427. [PMID: 36418701 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2780-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT2-PCR) for the identification of differentially regulated genes is a powerful technology. The protocol presented here uses qRT2-PCR gene arrays to investigate the regulation of 84 angiogenic related genes in human primary alveolar osteoblasts following treatment with the bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid, and geranylgeraniol (GGOH). GGOH has potential as a therapeutic agent for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, a serious side effect resulting from treatment for metastatic cancer (Zafar S, Coates DE, Cullinan MP, Drummond BK, Milne T, Seymour GJ. J Oral Pathol Med 43:711-721, 2014). The isolation of the primary osteoblast cells follows the methods described by Dillon et al. (Method Mol Biol 816:3-18, 2012) with a new RNA extraction technique described fully. The method highlights the importance of obtaining high-quality RNA which is DNA-free. Relative levels of gene expression are normalized against selected reference genes (HKG) and a number of examples of how fold regulation (2-ΔΔCq) and gene expression level (2-ΔCq) data can be presented are given.
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3
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Diez-Escudero A, Carlsson E, Andersson B, Järhult JD, Hailer NP. Trabecular Titanium for Orthopedic Applications: Balancing Antimicrobial with Osteoconductive Properties by Varying Silver Contents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41751-41763. [PMID: 36069272 PMCID: PMC9501801 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and implant loosening are the most common complications after joint replacement surgery. Due to their increased surface area, additively manufactured porous metallic implants provide optimal osseointegration but they are also highly susceptible to bacterial colonization. Antibacterial surface coatings of porous metals that do not inhibit osseointegration are therefore highly desirable. The potential of silver coatings on arthroplasty implants to inhibit PJI has been demonstrated, but the optimal silver content and release kinetics have not yet been defined. A tight control over the silver deposition coatings can help overcome bacterial infections while reducing cytotoxicity to human cells. In this regard, porous titanium sputtered with silver and titanium nitride with increasing silver contents enabled controlling the antibacterial effect against common PJI pathogens while maintaining the metabolic activity of human primary cells. Electron beam melting additively manufactured titanium alloys, coated with increasing silver contents, were physico-chemically characterized and investigated for effects against common PJI pathogens. Silver contents from 7 at % to 18 at % of silver were effective in reducing bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Staphylococcus epidermidis was more susceptible to silver ions than Staphylococcus aureus. Importantly, all silver-coated titanium scaffolds supported primary human osteoblasts proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization up to 28 days. A slight reduction of cell metabolic activity was observed at earlier time points, but no detrimental effects were found at the end of the culture period. Silver release from the silver-coated scaffolds also had no measurable effects on primary osteoblast gene expression since similar expression of genes related to osteogenesis was observed regardless the presence of silver. The investigated silver-coated porous titanium scaffolds may thus enhance osseointegration while reducing the risk of biofilm formation by the most common clinically encountered pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Diez-Escudero
- Ortholab,
Department of Surgical Sciences—Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Elin Carlsson
- Ortholab,
Department of Surgical Sciences—Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Brittmarie Andersson
- Ortholab,
Department of Surgical Sciences—Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Josef D. Järhult
- Zoonosis
Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Nils P. Hailer
- Ortholab,
Department of Surgical Sciences—Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
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4
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Feier AM, Portan D, Manu DR, Kostopoulos V, Kotrotsos A, Strnad G, Dobreanu M, Salcudean A, Bataga T. Primary MSCs for Personalized Medicine: Ethical Challenges, Isolation and Biocompatibility Evaluation of 3D Electrospun and Printed Scaffolds. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071563. [PMID: 35884868 PMCID: PMC9313419 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous cell therapy uses patients’ own cells to deliver precise and ideal treatment through a personalized medicine approach. Isolation of patients’ cells from residual tissue extracted during surgery involves specific planning and lab steps. In the present manuscript, a path from isolation to in vitro research with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from residual bone tissues is described as performed by a medical unit in collaboration with a research center. Ethical issues have been addressed by formulating appropriate harvesting protocols according to European regulations. Samples were collected from 19 patients; 10 of them were viable and after processing resulted in MSCs. MSCs were further differentiated in osteoblasts to investigate the biocompatibility of several 3D scaffolds produced by electrospinning and 3D printing technologies; traditional orthopedic titanium and nanostructured titanium substrates were also tested. 3D printed scaffolds proved superior compared to other substrates, enabling significantly improved response in osteoblast cells, indicating that their biomimetic structure and properties make them suitable for synthetic tissue engineering. The present research is a proof of concept that describes the process of primary stem cells isolation for in vitro research and opens avenues for the development of personalized cell platforms in the case of patients with orthopedic trauma. The demonstration model has promising perspectives in personalized medicine practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Marian Feier
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Diana Portan
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.D.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras University Campus, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.K.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Doina Ramona Manu
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Vassilis Kostopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras University Campus, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Athanasios Kotrotsos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras University Campus, 26504 Patras, Greece; (V.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Gabriela Strnad
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Minodora Dobreanu
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Andreea Salcudean
- Department of Ethics and Social Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Tiberiu Bataga
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
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5
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Ukon Y, Nishida M, Yamamori N, Takeyama K, Sakamoto K, Takenaka S, Makino T, Fujimori T, Sakai Y, Kanie Y, Kodama J, Bal Z, Tateiwa D, Nakagawa S, Hirai H, Okada S, Kaito T. Prostaglandin EP4 Selective Agonist AKDS001 Enhances New Bone Formation by Minimodeling in a Rat Heterotopic Xenograft Model of Human Bone. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:845716. [PMID: 35372320 PMCID: PMC8968459 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.845716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance bone regeneration, the use of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 is an attractive option. Unfortunately, the dose-dependent side effects prevent its widespread use. Therefore, a novel osteogenic agent using a different mechanism of action than BMP-2 is highly desirable. Previous reports demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) agonists have potent osteogenic effects on non-human cells and are one of the potential alternatives for BMP-2. Here, we investigated the effects of an EP4 agonist (AKDS001) on human cells with a rat heterotopic xenograft model of human bone. Bone formation in the xenograft model was significantly enhanced by AKDS001 treatment. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the mode of bone formation by AKDS001 was minimodeling rather than remodeling. In cultured human mesenchymal stem cells, AKDS001 enhanced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization via the cAMP/PKA pathway. In cultured human preosteoclasts, AKDS001 suppressed bone resorption by inhibiting differentiation into mature osteoclasts. Thus, we conclude that AKDS001 can enhance bone formation in grafted autogenous bone by minimodeling while maintaining the volume of grafted bone. The combined use of an EP4 agonist and autogenous bone grafting may be a novel treatment option to enhance bone regeneration. However, we should be careful in interpreting the results because male xenografts were implanted in male rats in the present study. It remains to be seen whether females can benefit from the positive effects of AKDS001 MS by using female xenografts implanted in female rats in clinically relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Ukon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishida
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yamamori
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takeyama
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sakamoto
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shota Takenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Makino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hayaishi Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahito Fujimori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kanie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joe Kodama
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zeynep Bal
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tateiwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hirai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takashi Kaito,
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6
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Frattini A, Bolamperti S, Valli R, Cipolli M, Pinto RM, Bergami E, Frau MR, Cesaro S, Signo M, Bezzerri V, Porta G, Khan AW, Rubinacci A, Villa I. Enhanced p53 Levels Are Involved in the Reduced Mineralization Capacity of Osteoblasts Derived from Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413331. [PMID: 34948128 PMCID: PMC8707819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SBDS gene, a factor involved in ribosome biogenesis. By analyzing osteoblasts from SDS patients (SDS-OBs), we show that SDS-OBs displayed reduced SBDS gene expression and reduced/undetectable SBDS protein compared to osteoblasts from healthy subjects (H-OBs). SDS-OBs cultured in an osteogenic medium displayed a lower mineralization capacity compared to H-OBs. Whole transcriptome analysis showed significant differences in the gene expression of SDS-OBs vs. H-OBs, particularly in the ossification pathway. SDS-OBs expressed lower levels of the main genes responsible for osteoblastogenesis. Of all downregulated genes, Western blot analyses confirmed lower levels of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I in SDS-OBs than in H-OBs. Interestingly, SDS-OBs showed higher protein levels of p53, an inhibitor of osteogenesis, compared to H-OBs. Silencing of Tp53 was associated with higher collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase protein levels and an increase in SDS-OB mineralization capacity. In conclusion, our results show that the reduced capacity of SDS-OBs to mineralize is mediated, at least in part, by the high levels of p53 and highlight an important role of SBDS in osteoblast functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Frattini
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), UOS Milano CNR, Via Fantoli, 15/16, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332217113
| | - Simona Bolamperti
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Roberto Valli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rita Maria Pinto
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Ospedale Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Piazza S.Onofrio, 4, 00165 Roma, Italy;
| | - Elena Bergami
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Rita Frau
- Pediatrics and Intensive Neonatal Therapy, Ospedale San Francesco, Via Salvatore Mannironi, 08100 Nuoro, Italy;
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Ospedale Donna Bambino, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Michela Signo
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Valentino Bezzerri
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca, 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
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7
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Diez-Escudero A, Andersson B, Carlsson E, Recker B, Link H, Järhult JD, Hailer NP. 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V alloys with silver coating combine osteocompatibility and antimicrobial properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 133:112629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Izumiya M, Haniu M, Ueda K, Ishida H, Ma C, Ideta H, Sobajima A, Ueshiba K, Uemura T, Saito N, Haniu H. Evaluation of MC3T3-E1 Cell Osteogenesis in Different Cell Culture Media. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147752. [PMID: 34299372 PMCID: PMC8304275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biomaterials have been evaluated using cultured cells. In particular, osteoblast-like cells are often used to evaluate the osteocompatibility, hard-tissue-regeneration, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive characteristics of biomaterials. However, the evaluation of biomaterial osteogenesis-inducing capacity using osteoblast-like cells is not standardized; instead, it is performed under laboratory-specific culture conditions with different culture media. However, the effect of different media conditions on bone formation has not been investigated. Here, we aimed to evaluate the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells, one of the most commonly used osteoblast-like cell lines for osteogenesis evaluation, and assayed cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of osteoblast markers, and calcification under varying culture media conditions. Furthermore, the various media conditions were tested in uncoated plates and plates coated with collagen type I and poly-L-lysine, highly biocompatible molecules commonly used as pseudobiomaterials. We found that the type of base medium, the presence or absence of vitamin C, and the freshness of the medium may affect biomaterial regeneration. We posit that an in vitro model that recapitulates in vivo bone formation should be established before evaluating biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Izumiya
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (M.H.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Miyu Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (M.H.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (M.H.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Haruka Ishida
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (M.H.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Chuang Ma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (M.H.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Hirokazu Ideta
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
- Department of Orthopedics (Lower Limbs), Social Medical Care Corporation Hosei-kai Marunouchi Hospital, 1-7-45 Nagisa, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8601, Japan
| | - Koki Ueshiba
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (M.H.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (M.H.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (M.H.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.I.); (M.H.); (K.U.); (H.I.); (C.M.); (K.U.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-263-37-3555
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9
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Payr S, Rosado-Balmayor E, Tiefenboeck T, Schuseil T, Unger M, Seeliger C, van Griensven M. Direct comparison of 3D and 2D cultivation reveals higher osteogenic capacity of elderly osteoblasts in 3D. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:13. [PMID: 33407623 PMCID: PMC7788858 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was the investigation of the osteogenic potential of human osteoblasts of advanced donor age in 2D and 3D culture. Methods Osteoblasts were induced to osteogenic differentiation and cultivated, using the same polystyrene material in 2D and 3D culture for 2 weeks. Samples were taken to evaluate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and gene expression. Results Osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels were significantly increased (8.2-fold) on day 7 in 3D compared to day 0 (p < 0.0001) and 11.6-fold higher in 3D than in 2D (p < 0.0001). Both culture systems showed reduced osteocalcin (OC) levels (2D 85% and 3D 50% of basic value). Collagen type 1 (Col1) expression was elevated in 3D on day 7 (1.4-fold; p = 0.009). Osteopontin (OP) expression showed 6.5-fold higher levels on day 7 (p = 0.002) in 3D than in 2D. Mineralization was significantly higher in 3D on day 14 (p = 0.0002). Conclusion Advanced donor age human primary osteoblasts reveal significantly higher gene expression levels of OPG, Col1 and OP in 3D than in monolayer. Therefore, it seems that a relatively high potential of bone formation in a natural 3D arrangement is presumably still present in osteoblasts of elderly people. Trial registration 5217/11 on the 22nd of Dec. 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Payr
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elizabeth Rosado-Balmayor
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department IBE, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Tiefenboeck
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Schuseil
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Unger
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudine Seeliger
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department cBITE, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Niedermair T, Lukas C, Li S, Stöckl S, Craiovan B, Brochhausen C, Federlin M, Herrmann M, Grässel S. Influence of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From Osteoblasts of Patients With Cox-Arthrosis and/or Osteoporosis on Metabolism and Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:615520. [PMID: 33425878 PMCID: PMC7785908 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.615520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies with extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) indicate benefits for the treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies as osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP). However, little is known about intercellular effects of EVs derived from pathologically altered cells that might influence the outcome by counteracting effects from “healthy” MSC derived EVs. We hypothesize, that EVs isolated from osteoblasts of patients with hip OA (coxarthrosis/CA), osteoporosis (OP), or a combination of both (CA/OP) might negatively affect metabolism and osteogenic differentiation of bone-marrow derived (B)MSCs. Methods: Osteoblasts, isolated from bone explants of CA, OP, and CA/OP patients, were compared regarding growth, viability, and osteogenic differentiation capacity. Structural features of bone explants were analyzed via μCT. EVs were isolated from supernatant of naïve BMSCs and CA, OP, and CA/OP osteoblasts (osteogenic culture for 35 days). BMSC cultures were stimulated with EVs and subsequently, cell metabolism, osteogenic marker gene expression, and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed. Results: Trabecular bone structure was different between the three groups with lowest number and highest separation in the CA/OP group. Viability and Alizarin red staining increased over culture time in CA/OP osteoblasts whereas growth of osteoblasts was comparable. Alizarin red staining was by trend higher in CA compared to OP osteoblasts after 35 days and ALP activity was higher after 28 and 35 days. Stimulation of BMSC cultures with CA, OP, and CA/OP EVs did not affect proliferation but increased caspase 3/7-activity compared to unstimulated BMSCs. BMSC viability was reduced after stimulation with CA and CA/OP EVs compared to unstimulated BMSCs or stimulation with OP EVs. ALP gene expression and activity were reduced in BMSCs after stimulation with CA, OP, and CA/OP EVs. Stimulation of BMSCs with CA EVs reduced Alizarin Red staining by trend. Conclusion: Stimulation of BMSCs with EVs isolated from CA, OP, and CA/OP osteoblasts had mostly catabolic effects on cell metabolism and osteogenic differentiation irrespective of donor pathology and reflect the impact of tissue microenvironment on cell metabolism. These catabolic effects are important for understanding differences in effects of EVs on target tissues/cells when harnessing them as therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Niedermair
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lukas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Shushan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Stöckl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Craiovan
- Chair of Arthroplasty, Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Federlin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- IInterdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg and Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Malavika D, Shreya S, Raj Priya V, Rohini M, He Z, Partridge NC, Selvamurugan N. miR‐873‐3p targets HDAC4 to stimulate matrix metalloproteinase‐13 expression upon parathyroid hormone exposure in rat osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7996-8009. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desai Malavika
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Srinivasan Shreya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vembar Raj Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Muthukumar Rohini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Zhiming He
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry New York University New York New York
| | - Nicola C. Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry New York University New York New York
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
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12
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Does Riluzole Influence Bone Formation?: An In Vitro Study of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Osteoblast. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:1107-1117. [PMID: 30896584 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A post-test design biological experiment. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic effects of riluzole on human mesenchymal stromal cells and osteoblasts. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Riluzole may benefit patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) from a neurologic perspective, but little is known about riluzole's effect on bone formation, fracture healing, or osteogenesis. METHODS Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and human osteoblasts (hOB) were obtained and isolated from healthy donors and cultured. The cells were treated with riluzole of different concentrations (50, 150, 450 ng/mL) for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Cytotoxicity was evaluated as was the induction of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Differentiation was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and with Alizarin red staining. Osteogenic gene expression of type I collagen (Col1), ALP, osteocalcin (Ocn), Runx2, Sox9, Runx2/Sox9 ratio were measured by qRT-PCR. RESULTS No cytotoxicity or increased proliferation was observed in bone marrow derived hMSCs and primary hOBs cultured with riluzole over 7 days. ALP activity was slightly increased in hMSCs after treatment for 2 weeks with riluzole 150 ng/mL and slightly upregulated by 150% (150 ng/mL) and 90% (450 ng/mL) in hMSCs at 3 weeks. In hOBs, ALP activity almost doubled after 2 weeks of culture with riluzole 150 ng/mL (P < 0.05). More pronounced 2.6-fold upregulation was noticed after 3 weeks of culture with riluzole at both 150 ng/mL (P = 0.05) and 450 ng/mL (P = 0.05). No significant influence of riluzole on the mRNA expression of osteocalcin (OCN) was observed. CONCLUSION The effect of riluzole on bone formation is mixed; low-dose riluzole has no effect on the viability or function of either hMSCs or hOBs. The activity of ALP in both cell types is upregulated by high-dose riluzole, which may indicate that high-dose riluzole can increase osteogenic metabolism and subsequently accelerate bone healing process. However, at high concentrations, riluzole leads to a decrease in osteogenic gene expression, including Runx2 and type 1 collagen. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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13
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Saiganesh S, Saathvika R, Arumugam B, Vishal M, Udhaya V, Ilangovan R, Selvamurugan N. TGF-β1-stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression by down-regulation of miR-203a-5p in rat osteoblasts. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:541-549. [PMID: 30951775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic and ubiquitous cytokine involved in bone development and bone remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) plays a role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the regulation of this gene is critical in bone remodeling. We previously reported that TGF-β1 stimulates MMP13 expression in rat osteoblasts. Recently, studies have examined the regulation of bone metabolism by microRNAs (miRNAs) to determine their therapeutic potential in osteogenesis. Here, we assessed the effect of TGF-β1 on down-regulation of miRNAs that target MMP13 and stimulation of MMP13 expression in osteoblasts. We used in silico analysis and identified 11 specific miRNAs which directly target rat MMP13. Among these miRNAs, miR-203a-5p expression was significantly decreased by TGF-β1-treatment in rat osteoblasts. Transient transfection of a miR-203a-5p mimic into rat osteoblasts reduced MMP13 expression. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed a direct targeting of miR-miR-203a-5p with the 3' untranslated regions of the MMP13 gene. Hence, we suggest that TGF-β1 stimulated down-regulation of miR-203a-5p, resulting in the stimulation of MMP13 expression in rat osteoblasts. Thus, identification of the role of miR-203a-5p via TGF-β1 and MMP13 in bone remodeling indicated its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic agent for treating bone and bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saiganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Saathvika
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Vishal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Udhaya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Ilangovan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Giannasi C, Niada S, Farronato D, Lombardi G, Manfredi B, Farronato G, Brini AT. Nitrogen Containing Bisphosphonates Impair the Release of Bone Homeostasis Mediators and Matrix Production by Human Primary Pre-Osteoblasts. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:23-32. [PMID: 30662325 PMCID: PMC6332484 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) represent the first-line treatment for a wide array of bone disorders. Despite their well-known action on osteoclasts, the effects they induce on osteoblasts are still unclear. In order to shed light on this aspect we evaluated the impact of two nitrogen containing bisphosphonates, Alendronate (ALN) and Zoledronate (ZOL), on human primary pre-osteoblasts. At first, we showed an inhibitory effect on cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity starting from µM concentrations of both drugs. In addition, an inhibitory trend on mineralized nodules deposition was observed. Then low doses of both ALN and ZOL rapidly increased the release of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNFα and IL-1β, while increased DKK-1 and Sclerostin, both inhibitors of osteoblastogenesis. Finally, ALN and 10-7M ZOL decreased the expression of type I Collagen and Osteopontin, while both drugs slightly stimulated SPARC production. With these results, we would like to suggest a direct inhibitory action on bone-forming cells by nitrogen containing bisphosphonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giannasi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Davide Farronato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Manfredi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Brini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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15
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Abstract
This chapter describes the isolation, culture, and staining of osteoblasts. The key advantages of this assay are that it allows direct measurement of bone matrix deposition and mineralization, as well as yielding good quantities of osteoblasts at defined stages of differentiation for molecular and histological analysis. An additional focus of this chapter will be the culture of osteoblasts from less conventional animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês P Perpétuo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Lucie E Bourne
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
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16
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Niedermair T, Schirner S, Seebröker R, Straub RH, Grässel S. Substance P modulates bone remodeling properties of murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9199. [PMID: 29907830 PMCID: PMC6003941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations suggest neuronal control of bone remodeling. Sensory nerve fibers innervating bone, bone marrow and periosteum signal via neurotransmitters including substance P (SP). In previous studies we observed impaired biomechanical and structural bone parameters in tachykinin (Tac) 1-deficient mice lacking SP. Here, we aim to specify effects of SP on metabolic parameters of bone marrow macrophage (BMM)/osteoclast cultures and osteoblasts isolated from Tac1-deficient and wildtype (WT) mice. We demonstrated endogenous SP production and secretion in WT bone cells. Absence of SP reduced bone resorption rate, as we found reduced numbers of precursor cells (BMM) and multinucleated osteoclasts and measured reduced cathepsin K activity in Tac1-/- BMM/osteoclast cultures. However, this might partly be compensated by reduced apoptosis rate and increased fusion potential of Tac1-/- precursor cells to enlarged "super" osteoclasts. Contrarily, increased ALP enzyme activity and apoptosis rate during early osteoblast differentiation accelerated osteogenesis and cell death in the absence of SP together with reduced ALP activity of Tac1-/- osteoblasts during late osteogenic differentiation resulting in reduced bone formation at later stages. Therefore, we suggest that absence of SP presumably results in a slight reduction of bone resorption rate but concomitantly in a critical reduction of bone formation and mineralization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Niedermair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schirner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Seebröker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine-Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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17
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Astakhova NM, Korel' AV, Shchelkunova EI, Orishchenko KE, Nikolaev SV, Zubairova US, Kirilova IA. Analysis of the Basic Characteristics of Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Cell Lines Important for Tissue Engineering Implants. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:561-568. [PMID: 29504112 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We isolated and characterized cultures of bone and cartilage tissue cells of laboratory minipigs. The size and morphological features of adherent osteogenic and chondrogenic cells were specified. During long-term culturing under standard conditions, the studied cultures expressed specific markers that were detected by immunohistochemical staining: alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposits in osteoblasts and type II collagen and cartilage extracellular matrix in chondrogenic cells. Proliferative potential (mitotic index) of both cell types was 4.64% of the total cell number. Cell motility, i.e. the mean velocity of cell motion was 49 pixels/h for osteoblasts and 47 pixels/h for chondroblasts; the mean migration distance was 2045 and 2118 pixels for chondroblasts and osteoblasts, respectively. The obtained cell lines are now used as the control for evaluation of optimal biocompatibility of scaffold materials in various models. Characteristics of the motility of the bone and cartilage tissue cells can be used for modeling and estimation of the rate of cells population of 3D scaffolds made of synthetic and biological polymers with different internal structure and physicochemical properties during designing in vitro tissue implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Astakhova
- Ya. L. Tsivyan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Innovative Medical and Technology Center (Medical Technopark), Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - A V Korel'
- Ya. L. Tsivyan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E I Shchelkunova
- Ya. L. Tsivyan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K E Orishchenko
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S V Nikolaev
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - U S Zubairova
- Federal Research Centre Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I A Kirilova
- Ya. L. Tsivyan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Abstract
The use of quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT2-PCR) for the identification of differentially regulated genes is a powerful technology. The protocol presented here uses qRT2-PCR gene arrays to investigate the regulation of 84 angiogenic related genes in human primary alveolar osteoblasts following treatment with the bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZA), and geranylgeraniol (GGOH). GGOH has potential as a therapeutic agent for Bisphosphate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ), a serious side-effect resulting from the treatment for metastatic cancer (Zafar et al., J Oral Pathol Med 43:711-721, 2014; Ruggiero, Ann NY Acad Sci 1218:38-46, 2011). The isolation of the primary osteoblast cells follows the methods previously described (Dillon et al., Methods Mol Biol 816:3-18, 2012) with a new RNA extraction technique described fully. The method highlights the importance of obtaining high-quality RNA which is DNA-free. Relative levels of gene expression are normalized against selected housekeeping genes (HKG) and a number of examples of how fold regulation (2-∆∆Cq) and gene expression level (2-∆Cq) data can be presented are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E Coates
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Sobia Zafar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Trudy J Milne
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
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Khrunyk YY, Vyalykh IV, Korelin AV, Belikov SV, Karabanalov MS, Rakitin SB, Kamalov RV, Popov AA. Isolation of primary osteoblast cell lines from adult rat and rat embryos and their use as models for in vitro biocompatibility tests of nanostructured titanium-based implants. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2017; 475:175-179. [PMID: 28861876 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496617040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methods for obtaining osteoblast cultures from the calvaria of adult Wistar rats and 12-day-old embryos of these rats have been adapted for studying the biocompatibility and ossointegration of titanium-based implants. The osteoblast morphology and their differentiation into osteocytes on a titanium matrix with specially treated surface have been studied. It has been confirmed that two cultures of diploid rat cells obtained in the study can serve as efficient models for preclinical in vitro testing of nanostructured titanium implants for biocompatibility and osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Khrunyk
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia. .,Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia.
| | - I V Vyalykh
- Ural Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
| | - A V Korelin
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - S V Belikov
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | | | - S B Rakitin
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia
| | - R V Kamalov
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - A A Popov
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
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20
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Zhang X, Chen Q, Liu J, Fan C, Wei Q, Chen Z, Mao X. Parthenolide Promotes Differentiation of Osteoblasts Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Inflammatory Environments. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:406-414. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpiao Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Fan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zetao Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Mao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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Jo S, Koo BS, Lee B, Kwon E, Lee YL, Chung H, Sung IH, Park YS, Kim TH. A novel role for bone-derived cells in ankylosing spondylitis: Focus on IL-23. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:787-793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Fawcett SA, Curran JM, Chen R, Rhodes NP, Murphy MF, Wilson P, Ranganath L, Dillon JP, Gallagher JA, Hunt JA. Defining the Properties of an Array of -NH 2-Modified Substrates for the Induction of a Mature Osteoblast/Osteocyte Phenotype from a Primary Human Osteoblast Population Using Controlled Nanotopography and Surface Chemistry. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:95-106. [PMID: 27796463 PMCID: PMC5214888 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating the integration of a joint replacement or the healing of a bone fracture, particularly a complicated non-union fracture, would improve patient welfare and decrease healthcare costs. Currently, an autologous bone graft is the gold standard method for the treatment of complicated non-union fractures, but it is not always possible to harvest such a graft. A proactive highly inductive so-called smart material approach is pertinent in these cases. In this study, the surface chemistry of a previously approved material with desirable bulk material properties was modified to investigate its potential as an economical and effective alternative. The objective was to create stable synthetic chemical coatings that could guide cells along the osteogenic lineage required to generate mineralised tissue that would induce and accelerate bone healing. Primary human osteoblast-like cells were cultured in vitro for 7, 14 and 28 days on amine-terminated (chain length in the range 3-11) silane-modified glass surfaces with controlled nanotopography, to determine how surface chemistry and nanotopography change osteoblast function. The materials were characterised using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle (WCA) and a novel ninhydrin assay. The cells were analysed using qRT-PCR, von Kossa tinctural staining for mineralisation, and visualised using both transmitted white light and electron microscopy. Bone-like nodules, quantified using microscopy, only formed on the short-chain (chain length 3 and 4) amines after 7 days, as did the up-regulation of sclerostin, suggestive of a more mature osteoblast phenotype. In this paper, we report more rapid nodule formation than has previously been observed, without the addition of exogenous factors in the culture medium. This suggests that the coating would improve the integration of implants with bone or be the basis of a smart biomaterial that would accelerate the bone regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Fawcett
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Judith M Curran
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Harrison Hughes Building, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Nicholas P Rhodes
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Mark F Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
| | - Peter Wilson
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Lakshminarayan Ranganath
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Jane P Dillon
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - James A Gallagher
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - John A Hunt
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
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23
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Bell RE, Golan T, Sheinboim D, Malcov H, Amar D, Salamon A, Liron T, Gelfman S, Gabet Y, Shamir R, Levy C. Enhancer methylation dynamics contribute to cancer plasticity and patient mortality. Genome Res 2016; 26:601-11. [PMID: 26907635 PMCID: PMC4864467 DOI: 10.1101/gr.197194.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During development, enhancers play pivotal roles in regulating gene expression programs; however, their involvement in cancer progression has not been fully characterized. We performed an integrative analysis of DNA methylation, RNA-seq, and small RNA-seq profiles from thousands of patients, including 25 diverse primary malignances and seven body sites of metastatic melanoma. We found that enhancers are consistently the most differentially methylated regions (DMR) as cancer progresses from normal to primary tumors and then to metastases, compared to other genomic features. Remarkably, identification of enhancer DMRs (eDMRs) enabled classification of primary tumors according to physiological organ systems, and in metastasis eDMRs are the most correlated with patient outcome. To further understand the eDMR role in cancer progression, we developed a model to predict genes and microRNAs that are regulated by enhancer and not promotor methylation, which shows high accuracy with chromatin architecture methods and was experimentally validated. Interestingly, among all metastatic melanoma eDMRs, the most correlated with patient survival were eDMRs that "switched" their methylation patterns back and forth between normal, primary, and metastases and target cancer drivers, e.g., KIT We further demonstrated that eDMR target genes were modulated in melanoma by the bone metastasis microenvironment, suggesting that eDMRs respond to microenvironmental cues in metastatic niches. Our findings that aberrant methylation in cancer cells mostly affects enhancers, which contribute to tumor progression and cancer cell plasticity, will facilitate development of epigenetic anticancer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Bell
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tamar Golan
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Danna Sheinboim
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hagar Malcov
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David Amar
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Avi Salamon
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tamar Liron
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Sahar Gelfman
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ron Shamir
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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24
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Zafar S, Coates DE, Cullinan MP, Drummond BK, Milne T, Seymour GJ. Effects of zoledronic acid and geranylgeraniol on the cellular behaviour and gene expression of primary human alveolar osteoblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2023-2035. [PMID: 26795621 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a serious complication of bisphosphonate therapy. The mechanism underlying BRONJ pathogenesis is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of zoledronic acid (ZA) and geranylgeraniol (GGOH) on the mevalonate pathway (MVP) in osteoblasts generated from the human mandibular alveolar bone in terms of cell viability/proliferation, migration, apoptosis and gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human osteoblasts (HOBs) isolated from the mandibular alveolar bone were phenotyped. HOBs were cultured with or without ZA and GGOH for up to 72 h. Cellular behaviour was examined using a CellTiter-Blue® viability assay, an Ibidi culture-insert migration assay, an Apo-ONE® Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 apoptosis assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT2-PCR) was used to determine the simultaneous expression of 168 osteogenic and angiogenic genes modulated in the presence of ZA and GGOH. RESULTS ZA decreased cell viability and migration and induced apoptosis in HOBs. TEM revealed signs of apoptosis in ZA-treated HOBs. However, the co-addition of GGOH ameliorated the effect of ZA and partially restored the cells to the control state. Twenty-eight genes in the osteogenic array and 27 genes in the angiogenic array were significantly regulated in the presence of ZA compared with those in the controls at one or more time points. CONCLUSION The cytotoxic effect of ZA on HOBs and its reversal by the addition of GGOH suggests that the effect of ZA on HOBs is mediated via the MVP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results suggest that GGOH could be used as a possible therapeutic/preventive strategy for BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zafar
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, PO Box 647, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - D E Coates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, PO Box 647, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - M P Cullinan
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, PO Box 647, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - B K Drummond
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, PO Box 647, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - T Milne
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, PO Box 647, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - G J Seymour
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, PO Box 647, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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25
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Taylor SEB, Shah M, Orriss IR. Generation of rodent and human osteoblasts. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:585. [PMID: 25396049 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the isolation, culture and staining of primary osteoblasts from neonatal rodents and human samples. The calvaria and long-bone assays allow direct measurement of bone matrix deposition and mineralisation, as well as producing osteoblasts at defined stages of differentiation for molecular and histological analysis. Culture of human osteoblasts enables cell function to be investigated in targeted patient groups. The described methods will provide a step-by-step guide of what to expect at each stage of the culture and highlight the varied tissue culture conditions required to successfully grow osteoblasts from different sources. A special focus of this paper is the methods used for analysis of bone mineralisation and how to ensure that nonspecific mineral deposition or staining is not quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E B Taylor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mittal Shah
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , London, UK ; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , London, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , London, UK
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26
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Orriss IR, Hajjawi MOR, Huesa C, MacRae VE, Arnett TR. Optimisation of the differing conditions required for bone formation in vitro by primary osteoblasts from mice and rats. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1201-8. [PMID: 25200658 PMCID: PMC4199408 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro culture of calvarial osteoblasts from neonatal rodents remains an important method for studying the regulation of bone formation. The widespread use of transgenic mice has created a particular need for a reliable, simple method that allows the differentiation and bone‑forming activity of murine osteoblasts to be studied. In the present study, we established such a method and identified key differences in optimal culture conditions between mouse and rat osteoblasts. Cells isolated from neonatal rodent calvariae by collagenase digestion were cultured for 14‑28 days before staining for tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and bone mineralisation (alizarin red). The reliable differentiation of mouse osteoblasts, resulting in abundant TNAP expression and the formation of mineralised 'trabecular‑shaped' bone nodules, occurred only following culture in α minimum essential medium (αMEM) and took 21‑28 days. Dexamethasone (10 nM) inhibited bone mineralisation in the mouse osteoblasts. By contrast, TNAP expression and bone formation by rat osteoblasts were observed following culture in both αMEM and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) after approximately 14 days (although ~3‑fold more effectively in αMEM) and was strongly dependent on dexamethasone. Both the mouse and rat osteoblasts required ascorbate (50 µg/ml) for osteogenic differentiation and β‑glycerophosphate (2 mM) for mineralisation. The rat and mouse osteoblasts showed similar sensitivity to the well‑established inhibitors of mineralisation, inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP; 1‑100 µM). The high efficiency of osteogenic differentiation observed following culture in αMEM, compared with culture in DMEM possibly reflects the richer formulation of the former. These findings offer a reliable technique for inducing mouse osteoblasts to form bone in vitro and a more effective method for culturing bone‑forming rat osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark O R Hajjawi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carmen Huesa
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
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27
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Niedermair T, Kuhn V, Doranehgard F, Stange R, Wieskötter B, Beckmann J, Salmen P, Springorum HR, Straub RH, Zimmer A, Grifka J, Grässel S. Absence of substance P and the sympathetic nervous system impact on bone structure and chondrocyte differentiation in an adult model of endochondral ossification. Matrix Biol 2014; 38:22-35. [PMID: 25063231 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers (SNF) innervate bone and epiphyseal growth plate. The role of neuronal signals for proper endochondral ossification during skeletal growth is mostly unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of the absence of sensory neurotransmitter substance P (SP) and the removal of SNF on callus differentiation, a model for endochondral ossification in adult animals, and on bone formation. METHODS In order to generate callus, tibia fractures were set in the left hind leg of wild type (WT), tachykinin 1-deficient (Tac1-/-) mice (no SP) and animals without SNF. Locomotion was tested in healthy animals and touch sensibility was determined early after fracture. Callus tissue was prepared for immunofluorescence staining for SP, neurokinin1-receptor (NK1R), tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) and adrenergic receptors α1, α2 and β2. At the fracture site, osteoclasts were stained for TRAP, osteoblasts were stained for RUNX2, and histomorphometric analysis of callus tissue composition was performed. Primary murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMM), osteoclasts, and osteoblasts were tested for differentiation, activity, proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. Femoral fractures were set in the left hind leg of all the three groups for mechanical testing and μCT-analysis. RESULTS Callus cells stained positive for SP, NK1R, α1d- and α2b adrenoceptors and remained β2-adrenoceptor and TH-negative. Absence of SP and SNF did not change the general locomotion but reduces touch sensitivity after fracture. In mice without SNF, we detected more mesenchymal callus tissue and less cartilaginous tissue 5 days after fracture. At day 13 past fracture, we observed a decrease of the area covered by hypertrophic chondrocytes in Tac1-/- mice and mice without SNF, a lower number of osteoblasts in Tac1-/- mice and an increase of osteoclasts in mineralized callus tissue in mice without SNF. Apoptosis rate and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts isolated from Tac1-/- and sympathectomized mice were partly altered in vitro. Mechanical testing of fractured- and contralateral legs 21 days after fracture, revealed an overall reduced mechanical bone quality in Tac1-/- mice and mice without SNF. μCT-analysis revealed clear structural alteration in contralateral and fractured legs proximal of the fracture site with respect to trabecular parameters, bone mass and connectivity density. Notably, structural parameters are altered in fractured legs when related to unfractured legs in WT but not in mice without SP and SNF. CONCLUSION The absence of SP and SNF reduces pain sensitivity and mechanical stability of the bone in general. The micro-architecture of the bone is profoundly impaired in the absence of intact SNF with a less drastic effect in SP-deficient mice. Both sympathetic and sensory neurotransmitters are indispensable for proper callus differentiation. Importantly, the absence of SP reduces bone formation rate whereas the absence of SNF induces bone resorption rate. Notably, fracture chondrocytes produce SP and its receptor NK1 and are positive for α-adrenoceptors indicating an endogenous callus signaling loop. We propose that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are essential for proper bone formation in addition to their classical neurological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Niedermair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fatemeh Doranehgard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Stange
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Britta Wieskötter
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Salmen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute for Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany.
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28
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Rangaswami H, Schwappacher R, Tran T, Chan GC, Zhuang S, Boss GR, Pilz RB. Protein kinase G and focal adhesion kinase converge on Src/Akt/β-catenin signaling module in osteoblast mechanotransduction. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21509-19. [PMID: 22563076 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.347245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical loading of bone induces interstitial fluid flow, leading to fluid shear stress (FSS) of osteoblasts. FSS rapidly increases the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]) and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in osteoblasts and activates the protein kinase Akt. Activated Akt stimulates osteoblast proliferation and survival, but the mechanism(s) leading to Akt activation is not well defined. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches in primary human and mouse osteoblasts and mouse MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells, we found that Akt activation by FSS occurred through two parallel pathways; one required calcium stimulation of NO synthase and NO/cGMP/protein kinase G II-dependent activation of Src, and the other required calcium activation of FAK and Src, independent of NO. Both pathways cooperated to increase PI3K-dependent Akt phosphorylation and were necessary for FSS to induce nuclear translocation of β-catenin, c-fos, and cox-2 gene expression and osteoblast proliferation. These data explain how mechanical stimulation of osteoblasts leads to increased signaling through a growth regulatory pathway essential for maintaining skeletal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Rangaswami
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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