1
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Bellani MA, Shaik A, Majumdar I, Ling C, Seidman MM. Repair of genomic interstrand crosslinks. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 141:103739. [PMID: 39106540 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Genomic interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are formed by reactive species generated during normal cellular metabolism, produced by the microbiome, and employed in cancer chemotherapy. While there are multiple options for replication dependent and independent ICL repair, the crucial step for each is unhooking one DNA strand from the other. Much of our insight into mechanisms of unhooking comes from powerful model systems based on plasmids with defined ICLs introduced into cells or cell free extracts. Here we describe the properties of exogenous and endogenous ICL forming compounds and provide an historical perspective on early work on ICL repair. We discuss the modes of unhooking elucidated in the model systems, the concordance or lack thereof in drug resistant tumors, and the evolving view of DNA adducts, including ICLs, formed by metabolic aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Bellani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Althaf Shaik
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ishani Majumdar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Chen Ling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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2
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Huseman ED, Lo A, Fedorova O, Elia JL, Gueble SE, Lin K, Sundaram RK, Oh J, Liu J, Menges F, Rees MG, Ronan MM, Roth JA, Batista VS, Crawford JM, Pyle AM, Bindra RS, Herzon SB. Mechanism of Action of KL-50, a Candidate Imidazotetrazine for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Brain Cancers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18241-18252. [PMID: 38815248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA repair is a hallmark of cancer, and many tumors display reduced DNA repair capacities that sensitize them to genotoxins. Here, we demonstrate that the differential DNA repair capacities of healthy and transformed tissue may be exploited to obtain highly selective chemotherapies. We show that the novel N3-(2-fluoroethyl)imidazotetrazine "KL-50" is a selective toxin toward tumors that lack the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), which reverses the formation of O6-alkylguanine lesions. We establish that KL-50 generates DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) by a multistep process comprising DNA alkylation to generate an O6-(2-fluoroethyl)guanine (O6FEtG) lesion, slow unimolecular displacement of fluoride to form an N1,O6-ethanoguanine (N1,O6EtG) intermediate, and ring-opening by the adjacent cytidine. The slow rate of N1,O6EtG formation allows healthy cells expressing MGMT to reverse the initial O6FEtG lesion before it evolves to N1,O6EtG, thereby suppressing the formation of toxic DNA-MGMT cross-links and reducing the amount of DNA ICLs generated in healthy cells. In contrast, O6-(2-chloroethyl)guanine lesions produced by agents such as lomustine and the N3-(2-chloroethyl)imidazotetrazine mitozolomide rapidly evolve to N1,O6EtG, resulting in the formation of DNA-MGMT cross-links and DNA ICLs in healthy tissue. These studies suggest that careful consideration of the rates of chemical DNA modification and biochemical DNA repair may lead to the identification of other tumor-specific genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Huseman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anna Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - James L Elia
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Susan E Gueble
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kingson Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ranjini K Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jinchan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Fabian Menges
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biophysical Instrumentation Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Melissa M Ronan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jennifer A Roth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biophysical Instrumentation Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anna M Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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3
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Berrada S, Martínez-Balsalobre E, Larcher L, Azzoni V, Vasquez N, Da Costa M, Abel S, Audoly G, Lee L, Montersino C, Castellano R, Combes S, Gelot C, Ceccaldi R, Guervilly JH, Soulier J, Lachaud C. A clickable melphalan for monitoring DNA interstrand crosslink accumulation and detecting ICL repair defects in Fanconi anemia patient cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7988-8004. [PMID: 37395445 PMCID: PMC10450163 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder associated with developmental defects, bone marrow failure and cancer. The FA pathway is crucial for the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). In this study, we have developed and characterized a new tool to investigate ICL repair: a clickable version of the crosslinking agent melphalan which we name click-melphalan. Our results demonstrate that click-melphalan is as effective as its unmodified counterpart in generating ICLs and associated toxicity. The lesions induced by click-melphalan can be detected in cells by post-labelling with a fluorescent reporter and quantified using flow cytometry. Since click-melphalan induces both ICLs and monoadducts, we generated click-mono-melphalan, which only induces monoadducts, in order to distinguish between the two types of DNA repair. By using both molecules, we show that FANCD2 knock-out cells are deficient in removing click-melphalan-induced lesions. We also found that these cells display a delay in repairing click-mono-melphalan-induced monoadducts. Our data further revealed that the presence of unrepaired ICLs inhibits monoadduct repair. Finally, our study demonstrates that these clickable molecules can differentiate intrinsic DNA repair deficiencies in primary FA patient cells from those in primary xeroderma pigmentosum patient cells. As such, these molecules may have potential for developing diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Berrada
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Lise Larcher
- University Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U944, and CNRS UMR7212, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale de référence (LBMR) “Aplastic anemia”, Service d’Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Violette Azzoni
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Nadia Vasquez
- University Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U944, and CNRS UMR7212, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale de référence (LBMR) “Aplastic anemia”, Service d’Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Da Costa
- University Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U944, and CNRS UMR7212, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale de référence (LBMR) “Aplastic anemia”, Service d’Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Abel
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Audoly
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Lara Lee
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Montersino
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Combes
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Gelot
- Inserm U830, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Ceccaldi
- Inserm U830, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean Soulier
- University Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U944, and CNRS UMR7212, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale de référence (LBMR) “Aplastic anemia”, Service d’Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lachaud
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
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4
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Measuring DNA modifications with the comet assay: a compendium of protocols. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:929-989. [PMID: 36707722 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a versatile method to detect nuclear DNA damage in individual eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human. The types of damage detected encompass DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites (e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic sites), alkylated and oxidized nucleobases, DNA-DNA crosslinks, UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and some chemically induced DNA adducts. Depending on the specimen type, there are important modifications to the comet assay protocol to avoid the formation of additional DNA damage during the processing of samples and to ensure sufficient sensitivity to detect differences in damage levels between sample groups. Various applications of the comet assay have been validated by research groups in academia, industry and regulatory agencies, and its strengths are highlighted by the adoption of the comet assay as an in vivo test for genotoxicity in animal organs by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The present document includes a series of consensus protocols that describe the application of the comet assay to a wide variety of cell types, species and types of DNA damage, thereby demonstrating its versatility.
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5
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Simón Serrano S, Tavecchio M, Mallik J, Grönberg A, Elmér E, Kifagi C, Gallay P, Hansson MJ, Massoumi R. Synergistic Effects of Sanglifehrin-Based Cyclophilin Inhibitor NV651 with Cisplatin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194553. [PMID: 36230472 PMCID: PMC9559492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage, is the most common primary liver cancer. Owing to a lack of effective HCC treatments and the commonly acquired chemoresistance, novel therapies need to be investigated. Cyclophilins-intracellular proteins with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity-have been shown to play a key role in therapy resistance and cell proliferation. Here, we aimed to evaluate changes in the gene expression of HCC cells caused by cyclophilin inhibition in order to explore suitable combination treatment approaches, including the use of chemoagents, such as cisplatin. Our results show that the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651 decreases the expression of genes involved in several pathways related to the cancer cell cycle and DNA repair. We evaluated the potential synergistic effect of NV651 in combination with other treatments used against HCC in cisplatin-sensitive cells. NV651 showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting cell proliferation, with a significant increase in intrinsic apoptosis in combination with the DNA crosslinking agent cisplatin. This combination also affected cell cycle progression and reduced the capacity of the cell to repair DNA in comparison with a single treatment with cisplatin. Based on these results, we believe that the combination of cisplatin and NV651 may provide a novel approach to HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Simón Serrano
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michele Tavecchio
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Josef Mallik
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alvar Grönberg
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Chamseddine Kifagi
- NGS & OMICS Data Analysis (NODA) Consulting, Flöjtvägen 10b, SE-224 68 Lund, Sweden
| | - Philippe Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Magnus Joakim Hansson
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-222-64-30
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6
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Lin K, Gueble SE, Sundaram RK, Huseman ED, Bindra RS, Herzon SB. Mechanism-based design of agents that selectively target drug-resistant glioma. Science 2022; 377:502-511. [PMID: 35901163 PMCID: PMC9502022 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Approximately half of glioblastoma and more than two-thirds of grade II and III glioma tumors lack the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine methyl transferase (MGMT). MGMT-deficient tumors respond initially to the DNA methylation agent temozolomide (TMZ) but frequently acquire resistance through loss of the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway. We report the development of agents that overcome this resistance mechanism by inducing MMR-independent cell killing selectively in MGMT-silenced tumors. These agents deposit a dynamic DNA lesion that can be reversed by MGMT but slowly evolves into an interstrand cross-link in MGMT-deficient settings, resulting in MMR-independent cell death with low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. This discovery may lead to new treatments for gliomas and may represent a new paradigm for designing chemotherapeutics that exploit specific DNA repair defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingson Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Susan E. Gueble
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ranjini K. Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Eric D. Huseman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ranjit S. Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Corresponding author. (S.B.H.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Corresponding author. (S.B.H.); (R.S.B.)
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7
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Zhanataev AK, Pigarev SE, Fedoros EI, Panchenko AV, Anisina EA, Chayka ZV, Durnev AD, Anisimov VN. Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic effects of lignin derivative BP-C2 against dioxidine and cyclophosphamide in vivo in murine cells. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:743-749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Biotin-tagged cis-dichlorido-oxidovanadium(IV) complex for DNA crosslinking and photo-induced apoptotic cytotoxicity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Gajski G, Ravlić S, Godschalk R, Collins A, Dusinska M, Brunborg G. Application of the comet assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in mature sperm. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108398. [PMID: 34893163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA integrity is considered an important parameter of semen quality and is of significant value as a predictor of male fertility. Currently, there are several methods that can assess sperm DNA integrity. One such assay is the comet assay, or single-cell gel electrophoresis, which is a simple, sensitive, reliable, quick and low-cost technique that is used for measuring DNA strand breaks and repair at the level of individual cells. Although the comet assay is usually performed with somatic cells from different organs, the assay has the ability to detect genotoxicity in germ cells at different stages of spermatogenesis. Since the ability of sperm to remove DNA damage differs between the stages, interpretation of the results is dependent on the cells used. In this paper we give an overview on the use and applications of the comet assay on mature sperm and its ability to detect sperm DNA damage in both animals and humans. Overall, it can be concluded that the presence in sperm of significantly damaged DNA, assessed by the comet assay, is related to male infertility and seems to reduce live births. Although there is some evidence that sperm DNA damage also has a long-term impact on offspring's health, this aspect of DNA damage in sperm is understudied and deserves further attention. In summary, the comet assay can be applied as a useful tool to study effects of genotoxic exposures on sperm DNA integrity in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sanda Ravlić
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roger Godschalk
- Maastricht University, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Collins
- University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Section of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway
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10
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β-Naphthoflavone Activation of the Ah Receptor Alleviates Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121264. [PMID: 33322705 PMCID: PMC7763649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy induced gastrointestinal syndrome results from the acute damage of intestinal stem cells, impaired crypts reconstruction, and subsequent breakdown of the mucosal barrier. The toxicity of ionizing radiation is associated with oxidative stress in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Moreover, the rapid proliferation of IECs is a risk factor for radiation damage. β-naphthoflavone (BNF) is an agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and possesses potential antioxidative activity. We investigated BNF radioprotection in IECs experiencing γ-ray exposure, contributed to mitigation of radiation enteritis. BNF significantly enhanced cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis in an AhR activation-dependent manner. The mechanism of BNF reducing the IECs radiosensitivity was associated with cell cycle arrest and suppression of cell proliferation. In contrast, AhR antagonist CH-223191 significantly blocked BNF-induced cell cycle arrest. Cyp1a1 mRNA levels are induced after irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, and CYP1A1 protein expression increased in the irradiated intestinal tract as well. BNF also reduces DNA strand breaks induced by irradiation. These studies demonstrate that BNF pretreatment prolonged median survival time of mice upon exposure to a lethal dose of radiation and alleviated irradiation-induced toxicity within the bowel.
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11
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Hu CW, Chang YJ, Cooke MS, Chao MR. DNA Crosslinkomics: A Tool for the Comprehensive Assessment of Interstrand Crosslinks Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15193-15203. [PMID: 31670503 PMCID: PMC6891145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA-DNA crosslinks, especially interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), cause cytotoxicity via blocking replication and transcription. Most measurements of ICLs lack sensitivity and structural information. Here, a high resolution, accurate mass spectrometry (HRMS) method was developed to comprehensively determine the untargeted, totality of DNA crosslinks, a.k.a. DNA crosslinkomics. Two novel features were introduced into this method: the accurate mass neutral losses of both two 2-deoxyribose (dR) and one dR groups will screen for ICLs as modified dinucleosides; the accurate mass neutral losses of both of the two nucleobases and one nucleobase will detect unstable DNA crosslinks, that could undergo depurination. Our crosslinkomics approach was tested by screening for crosslinks in formaldehyde- and chlorambucil-treated calf thymus DNA. The results showed that all expected drug-bridged crosslinks were detected successfully, along with various unexpected crosslinks. Using HRMS, the molecular formula and chemical structures of these unexpected crosslinks were determined. The formation of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-derived crosslinks, at levels comparable to those for drug-bridged crosslinks, highlighted their novel, potential role in cytotoxicity. Our new crosslinkomics approach can detect expected and unexpected environmental and drug-induced crosslinks in biological samples. This broadens the existing cellular DNA adductome and offers the potential to become a powerful tool in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Marcus S. Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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12
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Živković Semren T, Tariba Lovaković B, Oreščanin V, Pizent A. Application of the comet assay for the evaluation of DNA damage from frozen human whole blood samples: Implications for human biomonitoring. Toxicol Lett 2019; 319:58-65. [PMID: 31730884 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes the application of the comet assay for the evaluation of DNA damage from frozen human whole blood samples that could be readily used in human biomonitoring and epidemiological studies. It was done on simply frozen whole blood samples collected from male volunteers (N = 60) aliquoted in small volumes and stored at -80 °C without the addition of cryopreservatives for a period of 5 years. To test the applicability of the alkaline comet assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in frozen whole blood, samples were quickly thawed at 37 °C and immediately embedded in an agarose matrix followed by an alkaline comet assay procedure. We concluded that the whole blood freezing and prolonged storage do not severely affect comet assay values, although background values were higher compared to our historical control data from the fresh whole blood. Even the influence of the variables tested, such as age, body mass index, smoking habit and alcohol consumption were in agreement with our previous data using fresh blood. The obtained results suggest that the comet assay could be applied to frozen blood samples, if properly stored, even for decades, which would certainly facilitate large-scale human biomonitoring and long-term epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tanja Živković Semren
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Alica Pizent
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Tan HW, Liang ZL, Yao Y, Wu DD, Mo HY, Gu J, Chiu JF, Xu YM, Lau ATY. Lasting DNA Damage and Aberrant DNA Repair Gene Expression Profile Are Associated with Post-Chronic Cadmium Exposure in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080842. [PMID: 31390735 PMCID: PMC6721754 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant and carcinogen. Although the exact mechanisms of Cd-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear, previous acute/chronic Cd exposure studies have shown that Cd exerts its cytotoxic and carcinogenic effects through multiple mechanisms, including interference with the DNA repair system. However, the effects of post-chronic Cd exposure remain unknown. Here, we establish a unique post-chronic Cd-exposed human lung cell model (the "CR0" cells) and investigate the effects of post-chronic Cd exposure on the DNA repair system. We found that the CR0 cells retained Cd-resistant property even though it was grown in Cd-free culture medium for over a year. The CR0 cells had lasting DNA damage due to reduced DNA repair capacity and an aberrant DNA repair gene expression profile. A total of 12 DNA repair genes associated with post-chronic Cd exposure were identified, and they could be potential biomarkers for identifying post-chronic Cd exposure. Clinical database analysis suggests that some of the DNA repair genes play a role in lung cancer patients with different smoking histories. Generally, CR0 cells were more sensitive to chemotherapeutic (cisplatin, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine tartrate) and DNA damaging (H2O2) agents, which may represent a double-edged sword for cancer prevention and treatment. Overall, we demonstrated for the first time that the effects of post-chronic Cd exposure on human lung cells are long-lasting and different from that of acute and chronic exposures. Findings from our study unveiled a new perspective on Cd-induced carcinogenesis-the post-chronic exposure of Cd. This study encourages the field of post-exposure research which is crucial but has long been ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wee Tan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhan-Ling Liang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hai-Ying Mo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Collaborative and Creative Center of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jen-Fu Chiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Collaborative and Creative Center of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Andy T Y Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Collaborative and Creative Center of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Pourrut B, Del Bo' C, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales - (Part 2 Vertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:130-164. [PMID: 31416573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the application of the assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in yeast, plant and animal cells is also quite high, especially in terms of biomonitoring. The present extensive overview on the usage of the comet assay in animal models will cover both terrestrial and water environments. The first part of the review was focused on studies describing the comet assay applied in invertebrates. The second part of the review, (Part 2) will discuss the application of the comet assay in vertebrates covering cyclostomata, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, in addition to chordates that are regarded as a transitional form towards vertebrates. Besides numerous vertebrate species, the assay is also performed on a range of cells, which includes blood, liver, kidney, brain, gill, bone marrow and sperm cells. These cells are readily used for the evaluation of a wide spectrum of genotoxic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of vertebrate models and their role in environmental biomonitoring will also be discussed as well as the comparison of the use of the comet assay in vertebrate and human models in line with ethical principles. Although the comet assay in vertebrates is most commonly used in laboratory animals such as mice, rats and lately zebrafish, this paper will only briefly review its use regarding laboratory animal models and rather give special emphasis to the increasing usage of the assay in domestic and wildlife animals as well as in various ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Saúde de Publica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Andreev V, Hristova R, Asparuhova M, Danovski G, Stoynov S, Gospodinov A. Mammalian INO80 chromatin remodeler cooperates with FANCM to mediate DNA interstrand crosslink-induced checkpoint activation and repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 74:38-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Khanal S, Galloway DA. High-risk human papillomavirus oncogenes disrupt the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway by impairing localization and de-ubiquitination of FancD2. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007442. [PMID: 30818369 PMCID: PMC6413947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent expression of high-risk HPV oncogenes is necessary for the development of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Here, we show that E6/E7 expressing cells are hypersensitive to DNA crosslinking agent cisplatin and have defects in repairing DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICL). Importantly, we elucidate how E6/E7 attenuate the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA crosslink repair pathway. Though E6/E7 activated the pathway by increasing FancD2 monoubiquitination and foci formation, they inhibited the completion of the repair by multiple mechanisms. E6/E7 impaired FancD2 colocalization with double-strand breaks (DSB), which subsequently hindered the recruitment of the downstream protein Rad51 to DSB in E6 cells. Further, E6 expression caused delayed FancD2 de-ubiquitination, an important process for effective ICL repair. Delayed FancD2 de-ubiquitination was associated with the increased chromatin retention of FancD2 hindering USP1 de-ubiquitinating activity, and persistently activated ATR/CHK-1/pS565 FancI signaling. E6 mediated p53 degradation did not hamper the cell cycle specific process of FancD2 modifications but abrogated repair by disrupting FancD2 de-ubiquitination. Further, E6 reduced the expression and foci formation of Palb2, which is a repair protein downstream of FancD2. These findings uncover unique mechanisms by which HPV oncogenes contribute to genomic instability and the response to cisplatin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Khanal
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Denise A. Galloway
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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17
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Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Pourrut B, Del Bo’ C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales – (Part 1 Invertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:82-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Le PM, Silvestri VL, Redstone SC, Dunn JB, Millard JT. Cross-linking by epichlorohydrin and diepoxybutane correlates with cytotoxicity and leads to apoptosis in human leukemia (HL-60) cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 352:19-27. [PMID: 29792945 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The bifunctional alkylating agents epichlorohydrin (ECH) and diepoxybutane (DEB) have been linked to increased cancer risks in industrial workers. These compounds react with DNA and proteins, leading to genotoxic effects. We used the comet assay to monitor formation of cross-links in HL-60 cells treated with ECH, DEB, and the structurally related anti-cancer drug mechlorethamine (HN2). We report a time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity that correlated with cross-linking activity, following the order HN2 > DEB > ECH. The rate of cross-link repair also varied with drug, with ECH-induced lesions the fastest to repair. High drug doses led to the formation of saturating amounts of HN2 cross-links that were repaired inefficiently. DEB and ECH produced fewer overall cross-links, but some were also resistant to repair. These persistent cross-links may activate cell-cycle arrest to allow repair of damage, with prolonged arrest triggering apoptosis. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments revealed that treatment of HL-60 cells with DEB and ECH results in up-regulation of several genes involved in the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathway, including BAX, BAK1, CASP-9, APAF-1, and BCL-2. These findings contribute to our understanding of the principles underlying the carcinogenic potentials of these xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong M Le
- Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States
| | - Vanesa L Silvestri
- Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States
| | - Samuel C Redstone
- Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States
| | - Jordanne B Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States
| | - Julie T Millard
- Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States.
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19
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Tariba Lovaković B, Pizent A, Kašuba V, Kopjar N, Micek V, Mendaš G, Dvoršćak M, Mikolić A, Milić M, Žunec S, Lucić Vrdoljak A, Želježić D. Effects of sub-chronic exposure to terbuthylazine on DNA damage, oxidative stress and parent compound/metabolite levels in adult male rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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20
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Fujii N. Potential Strategies to Target Protein-Protein Interactions in the DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathways. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9932-9959. [PMID: 28654754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article discusses some insights about generating novel mechanistic inhibitors of the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) pathways by focusing on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of the key DDR components. General requirements for PPI strategies, such as selecting the target PPI site on the basis of its functionality, are discussed first. Next, on the basis of functional rationale and biochemical feasibility to identify a PPI inhibitor, 26 PPIs in DDR pathways (BER, MMR, NER, NHEJ, HR, TLS, and ICL repair) are specifically discussed for inhibitor discovery to benefit cancer therapies using a DNA-damaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Fujii
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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21
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Terpyridyl oxovanadium(IV) complexes for DNA crosslinking and mito-targeted photocytotoxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 174:45-54. [PMID: 28601723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxovanadium(IV) complexes [VO(L1/L2)Cl2]n+ (1,2) of (anthracenyl)terpyridine (An-tpy as L1 in 1, n=0) and triphenylphosphonium-appended (anthracenyl)terpyridine (An-tpy-TPP+ as L2 in 2, n=1) were synthesized, characterized and their DNA crosslinking ability, photocytotoxicity in visible light and cellular localization in cancer cells studied. The bromide derivative of 2, viz. [VO(An-tpy-TPP)Br2]Br (3) is structurally characterized. The structure showed trans disposition of two halides in the coordination sphere and the TPP+ unit is a pendant to the terpyridyl ligand. The DNA melting and comet assay studies on the complexes suggest the formation of DNA crosslinks. Complexes 1 and 2 displayed ~10 fold increase in cytotoxicity on exposure to visible light (400-700nm) when compared to those in dark in HeLa and MCF-7 cells. FACScan (Fluorescence Associated Cell Sorter Scan) analysis showed cellular apoptosis when treated with the complex in visible light in comparison to their dark controls. Fluorescence microscopic studies using complex 2 revealed its mitochondrial localization within the cancer cells.
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22
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Tse AKW, Chen YJ, Fu XQ, Su T, Li T, Guo H, Zhu PL, Kwan HY, Cheng BCY, Cao HH, Lee SKW, Fong WF, Yu ZL. Sensitization of melanoma cells to alkylating agent-induced DNA damage and cell death via orchestrating oxidative stress and IKKβ inhibition. Redox Biol 2017; 11:562-576. [PMID: 28107677 PMCID: PMC5247288 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrosourea represents one of the most active classes of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents for metastatic melanoma. Treatment with nitrosoureas caused severe systemic side effects which hamper its clinical use. Here, we provide pharmacological evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction and IKKβ inhibition cooperatively enhance nitrosourea-induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. We identified SC-514 as a ROS-inducing IKKβ inhibitor which enhanced the function of nitrosoureas. Elevated ROS level results in increased DNA crosslink efficiency triggered by nitrosoureas and IKKβ inhibition enhances DNA damage signals and sensitizes nitrosourea-induced cell death. Using xenograft mouse model, we confirm that ROS-inducing IKKβ inhibitor cooperates with nitrosourea to reduce tumor size and malignancy in vivo. Taken together, our results illustrate a new direction in nitrosourea treatment, and reveal that the combination of ROS-inducing IKKβ inhibitors with nitrosoureas can be potentially exploited for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Su
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hiu-Yee Kwan
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Hui Cao
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Sally Kin-Wah Lee
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Wang-Fun Fong
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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23
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Wang J, Wang J, Wang G, Zhu L, Wang J. DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by imidacloprid exposure in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:510-517. [PMID: 26397468 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the soil ecological effect of imidacloprid, earthworm Eisenia fetida was exposed to various concentrations of imidacloprid (0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 mg kg(-1) soil) respectively after 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. The effect of imidacloprid on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzymes activity [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase enzyme (GST)], malondialdehyde (MDA) content and DNA damage of the E. fetida was investigated. Significant increase of the ROS level was observed. The SOD and GST activity were significantly induced at most exposure intervals. CAT activity was inhibited and reflected a dose-dependent relationship on days 7, 14 and 21. High MDA levels were observed and the olive tail moment (OTM) as well as the percentage of DNA in the comet tail (tail DNA%) in comet assay declined with increasing concentrations and exposure time after 7 d. Our results suggested that the sub-chronic exposure of imidacloprid caused DNA damage and lipid peroxidation (LPO) leading to antioxidant responses in earthworm E. fetida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangchi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
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24
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Kumar A, Dixit A, Banerjee S, Bhattacharyya A, Garai A, Karande AA, Chakravarty AR. Cellular imaging and mitochondria targeted photo-cytotoxicity in visible light by singlet oxygen using a BODIPY-appended oxovanadium(iv) DNA crosslinking agent. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeted PDT by1O2at mtDNA crosslinking site of a BODIPY-appended VO2+complex in visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Akanksha Dixit
- Department of Biochemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Arnab Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Aditya Garai
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Anjali A. Karande
- Department of Biochemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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25
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Pant K, Roden N, Zhang C, Bruce S, Wood C, Pendino K. Modified in vivo comet assay detects the genotoxic potential of 14-hydroxycodeinone, an α,β-unsaturated ketone in oxycodone. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:777-787. [PMID: 25913631 DOI: 10.1002/em.21957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
14-Hydroxycodeinone (14-HC) is an α,β-unsaturated ketone impurity found in oxycodone drug substance and has a structural alert for genotoxicity. 14-HC was tested in a combined Modified and Standard Comet Assay to determine if the slight decrease in % Tail DNA noted in a previously conducted Standard Comet Assay with 14-HC could be magnified to clarify if the response was due to cross-linking activity. One limitation of the Standard Comet Assay is that DNA cross-links cannot be reliably detected. However, under certain modified testing conditions, DNA cross-links and chemical moieties that elicit such cross-links can be elucidated. One such modification involves the induction of additional breakages of DNA strands by gamma or X-ray irradiation. To determine if 14-HC is a DNA crosslinker in vivo, a Modified Comet Assay was conducted using X-ray irradiation as the modification to visualize crosslinking activity. In this assay, 14-HC was administered orally to mice up to 320 mg/kg/day. Results showed a statistically significant reduction in percent tail DNA in duodenal cells at 320 mg/kg/day, with a nonstatistically significant but dose-related reduction in percent tail DNA also observed at the mid dose of 160 mg/kg/day. Similar decreases were not observed in cells from the liver or stomach, and no increases in percent tail DNA were noted for any tissue in the concomitantly conducted Standard Comet Assay. Taken together, 14-HC was identified as a cross-linking agent in the duodenum in the Modified Comet Assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Craig Wood
- Greenville, Delaware (Formerly of Purdue Pharma, L.P.)
| | - Kimberly Pendino
- Amicus Therapeutics, Cranbury, New Jersey (Formerly of Purdue Pharma, L.P.)
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Samarth RM, Samarth M, Matsumoto Y. Utilization of cytogenetic biomarkers as a tool for assessment of radiation injury and evaluation of radiomodulatory effects of various medicinal plants - a review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5355-72. [PMID: 26451089 PMCID: PMC4590411 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s91299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic biological measurement of “cytogenetic endpoints” has helped phenomenally in assessment of risks associated with radiation exposure. There has been a surge in recent times for the usage of radioactive materials in health care, agriculture, industrial, and nuclear power sectors. The likelihood of radiation exposure from accidental or occupational means is always higher in an overburdened ecosystem that is continuously challenged to meet the population demands. Risks associated with radiation exposure in this era of modern industrial growth are minimal as international regulations for maintaining the safety standards are stringent and strictly adhered to, however, a recent disaster like “Fukushima” impels us to think beyond. The major objective of radiobiology is the development of an orally effective radio-modifier that provides protection from radiation exposure. Once available for mass usage, these compounds will not only be useful for providing selective protection against accidental and occupational radiation exposure but also help to permit use of higher doses of radiation during treatment of various malignancies curtailing unwarranted adverse effects imposed on normal tissues. Bio-active compounds isolated from natural sources enriched with antioxidants possess unique immune-modulating properties, thus providing a double edged benefit over synthetic radioprotectors. We aim to provide here a comprehensive overview of the various agents originating from plant sources that portrayed promising radioprotection in various experimental models with special emphasis on studies that used cytogenetic biomarkers. The agents will include crude extracts of various medicinal plants, purified fractions, and herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra M Samarth
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre (ICMR), Bhopal, India ; National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Meenakshi Samarth
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Banerjee S, Dixit A, Kumar A, Mukherjee S, Karande AA, Chakravarty AR. Photoinduced DNA Crosslink Formation by Dichloridooxidovanadium(IV) Complexes of Polypyridyl Bases. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jost P, Svobodova H, Stetina R. Induction and repair of DNA cross-links induced by sulfur mustard in the A-549 cell line followed by a comet assay. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 237:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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San Millán C, Soldevilla B, Martín P, Gil-Calderón B, Compte M, Pérez-Sacristán B, Donoso E, Peña C, Romero J, Granado-Lorencio F, Bonilla F, Domínguez G. β-Cryptoxanthin Synergistically Enhances the Antitumoral Activity of Oxaliplatin through ΔNP73 Negative Regulation in Colon Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4398-409. [PMID: 26023082 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acquired resistance to chemotherapy represents the major limitation in the treatment of cancer. New strategies to solve this failure and improve patients' outcomes are necessary. The cancer preventive effect of β-cryptoxanthin has been widely described in population studies. Few reports support its putative use as an antitumoral compound. Here we focus on the therapeutic potential of β-cryptoxanthin individually or in combination with oxaliplatin in colon cancer and try to decipher the molecular basis underlying its effect. METHODS Apoptosis, viability and proliferation assays, mouse models, and an intervention study in 20 healthy subjects were performed. A PCR array was carried out to unravel the molecular putative basis of the β-cryptoxanthin effect, and further signaling experiments were conducted. Comet Assay was completed to evaluate the genotoxicity of the treatments. RESULTS β-Cryptoxanthin differentially regulates the expression of the P73 variants in vitro, in vivo, and in a human intervention study. This carotenoid decreases the proliferation of cancer cells and cooperates with oxaliplatin to induce apoptosis through the negative regulation of ΔNP73. The antitumoral concentrations of oxaliplatin decrease in the presence of β-cryptoxanthin to achieve same percentage of growth inhibition. The genotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of mice decreased in the combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS We propose a putative novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colon cancer based on the combination of β-cryptoxanthin and oxaliplatin. The combined regimen produced more benefit than either individual modality without increasing side effects. In addition, the concentration-limiting toxicity of oxaliplatin is reduced in the presence of the carotenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral San Millán
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Soldevilla
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Peña
- Grupo de señalización celular en cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Romero
- Servicio de Oncología radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gemma Domínguez
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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van der Leede BJ, Doherty A, Guérard M, Howe J, O’Donovan M, Plappert-Helbig U, Thybaud V. Performance and data interpretation of the in vivo comet assay in pharmaceutical industry: EFPIA survey results. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 775-776:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Santos K, Laranjo M, Abrantes AM, Brito AF, Gonçalves C, Sarmento Ribeiro AB, Botelho MF, Soares MI, Oliveira AS, Pinho e Melo TM. Targeting triple-negative breast cancer cells with 6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:273-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Buschini A, Villarini M, Feretti D, Mussi F, Dominici L, Zerbini I, Moretti M, Ceretti E, Bonfiglioli R, Carrieri M, Gelatti U, Rossi C, Monarca S, Poli P. Multicentre study for the evaluation of mutagenic/carcinogenic risk in nurses exposed to antineoplastic drugs: assessment of DNA damage. Occup Environ Med 2013; 70:789-94. [PMID: 24143019 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People who handle antineoplastic drugs, many of which classified as human carcinogens by International Agency for Research on Cancer, are exposed to low doses in comparison with patients; however, the long duration of exposure could lead to health effects. The aim of this work was to evaluate DNA damage in white blood cells from 63 nurses who handle antineoplastic drugs in five Italian hospitals and 74 control participants, using different versions of the Comet assay. METHODS Primary DNA damage was assessed by using the alkaline version of the assay on leucocytes, whereas to detect DNA oxidative damage and cryptic lesions specifically, the Comet/ENDO III assay and the Comet/araC assay were performed on leucocytes and lymphocytes, respectively. RESULTS In the present study, no significant DNA damage was correlated with the work shift. The exposed population did not differ significantly from the reference group with respect to DNA primary and oxidative damage in leucocytes. Strikingly, in isolated lymphocytes treated with araC, lower data dispersion as well as a significantly lower mean value for the percentage of DNA in the comet tail was observed in exposed participants as compared with the control group (p<0.05), suggesting a potential chronic exposure to crosslinking antineoplastic drugs. CONCLUSIONS Although stringent rules were adopted at national and international levels to prevent occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs, data reported in this study support the idea that a more efficient survey on long-lasting exposures at very low concentrations is needed.
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Evaluation of the Bronchorelaxant, Genotoxic, and Antigenotoxic Effects of Cassia alata L. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:162651. [PMID: 23710211 PMCID: PMC3655621 DOI: 10.1155/2013/162651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous-ethanolic extract of Cassia alata (AECal) and its derived fractions obtained through liquid-liquid fractionation were evaluated for their bronchorelaxant, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic effects. Contractile activity of rats' tracheas in the presence of tested materials, as well as its modifications with different inhibitors and blockers, was isometrically recorded. The antigenotoxic potential of AECal was evaluated on cyclophosphamide- (CP-) induced genotoxicity in the rat. Animals were pretreated with the extract, then liver comet assay was performed. AECal and its chloroformic fractions (CF-AECal) relaxed the contraction induced by Ach, but both were significantly less potent in inhibiting contraction induced by KCl (30 mM; 80 mM). Propranolol, indomethacin, L-NAME, methylene blue, and glibenclamide did not modify the relaxant effect of CF-AECal. TEA altered the response of trachea to CF-AECal. CF-AECal caused a rightward shift without affecting the E max in cumulative concentration-response curves of Ach only at low concentrations. In animals pretreated with the extract, the percentage of CP-induced DNA damage decreased. Our results suggest that (1) muscarinic receptors contribute at least in part to the relaxant effects of CF-AECal; (2) CF-AECal interferes with membrane polarization; and (3) AECal is not genotoxic in vivo and contains chemopreventive phytoconstituents offering protection against CP-induced genotoxicity.
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Paz MM, Pritsos CA. The Molecular Toxicology of Mitomycin C. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY VOLUME 6 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59389-4.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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