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Yang E, Fan X, Ye H, Sun X, Ji Q, Ding Q, Zhong S, Zhao S, Xuan C, Fang M, Ding X, Cao J. Exploring the role of ubiquitin regulatory X domain family proteins in cancers: bioinformatics insights, mechanisms, and implications for therapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:157. [PMID: 38365777 PMCID: PMC10870615 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
UBXD family (UBXDF), a group of proteins containing ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domains, play a crucial role in the imbalance of proliferation and apoptotic in cancer. In this study, we summarised bioinformatics proof on multi-omics databases and literature on UBXDF's effects on cancer. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) has the largest number of gene alterations in the UBXD family and has been linked to survival and cancer progression in many cancers. UBXDF may affect tumour microenvironment (TME) and drugtherapy and should be investigated in the future. We also summarised the experimental evidence of the mechanism of UBXDF in cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as its application in clinical and targeted drugs. We compared bioinformatics and literature to provide a multi-omics insight into UBXDF in cancers, review proof and mechanism of UBXDF effects on cancers, and prospect future research directions in-depth. We hope that this paper will be helpful for direct cancer-related UBXDF studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaowei Fan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Haihan Ye
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong , 999077, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Head and Neck and Rare Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Qianyun Ding
- Department of 'A', The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shulian Zhong
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hospital, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cheng Xuan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Meiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Head and Neck and Rare Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Head and Neck and Rare Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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Abstract
This immunoprecipitation protocol details individual steps for the enrichment and purification process of specific proteins from a complex cell lysate using an antibody bound to a solid matrix. Purified antigen(s) can be eluted by various methods, and the resultant protein target can be analyzed and/or identified by numerous assays, including the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, or mass spectrometry.
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Rezvani K. UBXD Proteins: A Family of Proteins with Diverse Functions in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101724. [PMID: 27754413 PMCID: PMC5085755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The UBXD family is a diverse group of UBX (ubiquitin-regulatory X) domain-containing proteins in mammalian cells. Members of this family contain a UBX domain typically located at the carboxyl-terminal of the protein. In contrast to the UBX domain shared by all members of UBXD family, the amino-terminal domains are diverse and appear to carry out different roles in a subcellular localization-dependent manner. UBXD proteins are principally associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they positively or negatively regulate the ER-associated degradation machinery (ERAD). The distinct protein interaction networks of UBXD proteins allow them to have specific functions independent of the ERAD pathway in a cell type- and tissue context-dependent manner. Recent reports have illustrated that a number of mammalian members of the UBXD family play critical roles in several proliferation and apoptosis pathways dysregulated in selected types of cancer. This review covers recent advances that elucidate the therapeutic potential of selected members of the UBXD family that can contribute to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Rezvani
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
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Abdullah A, Sane S, Freeling JL, Wang H, Zhang D, Rezvani K. Nucleocytoplasmic Translocation of UBXN2A Is Required for Apoptosis during DNA Damage Stresses in Colon Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2015; 6:1066-78. [PMID: 26516353 PMCID: PMC4615341 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The subcellular localization, expression level, and activity of anti-cancer proteins alter in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cellular stresses to reverse tumor progression. The purpose of this study is to determine whether UBXN2A, an activator of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, has different subcellular compartmentalization in response to the stress of DNA damage. We measured trafficking of the UBXN2A protein in response to two different DNA damage stresses, UVB irradiation and the genotoxic agent Etoposide, in colon cancer cell lines. Using a cytosol-nuclear fractionation technique followed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining, we monitored and quantitated UBXN2A and p53 proteins as well as p53's downstream apoptotic pathway. We showed that the anti-cancer protein UBXN2A acts in the early phase of cell response to two different DNA damage stresses, being induced to translocate into the cytoplasm in a dose- and time-dependent manner. UVB-induced cytoplasmic UBXN2A binds to mortalin-2 (mot-2), a known oncoprotein in colon tumors. UVB-dependent upregulation of UBXN2A in the cytoplasm decreases p53 binding to mot-2 and activates apoptotic events in colon cancer cells. In contrast, the shRNA-mediated depletion of UBXN2A leads to significant reduction in apoptosis in colon cancer cells exposed to UVB and Etoposide. Leptomycin B (LMB), which was able to block UBXN2A nuclear export following Etoposide treatment, sustained p53-mot-2 interaction and had partially antagonistic effects with Etoposide on cell apoptosis. The present study shows that nucleocytoplasmic translocation of UBXN2A in response to stresses is necessary for its anti-cancer function in the cytoplasm. In addition, LMB-dependent suppression of UBXN2A's translocation to the cytoplasm upon stress allows the presence of an active mot-2 oncoprotein in the cytoplasm, resulting in p53 sequestration as well as activation of other mot-2-dependent growth promoting pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Abdullah
- 1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Sanam Sane
- 1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Jessica L Freeling
- 1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Hongmin Wang
- 1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- 2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Blvd., P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA
| | - Khosrow Rezvani
- 1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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Pick E, Berman TS. Formation of alternative proteasomes: same lady, different cap? FEBS Lett 2013; 587:389-93. [PMID: 23333296 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is thought to be a homogenous complex, consisting of a 20S proteolytic core and a 19S regulatory particle that is required for its activation. Two groups have recently reported the activation of archeal 20S by a p97-related double-ring AAA+ ATPase complex, in a similar fashion to that reported for 19S. Since p97 is found in eukaryotes, the existence of a parallel setting in higher organisms is intriguing. Herein, we present supporting data and hypothesize that in eukaryotes, p97 and CSN form a promiscuous, hence hard-to-detect, "alternative cap", enabling the prompt and precise elimination of particular substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elah Pick
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa at Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel.
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