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Liu Z, Zhang R, Zhang W, Xu Y. Structure-based rational design of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases for improving and diversifying steroid synthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35834355 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2054770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A group of steroidogenic enzymes, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are involved in steroid metabolism which is very important in the cell: signaling, growth, reproduction, and energy homeostasis. The enzymes show an inherent function in the interconversion of ketosteroids and hydroxysteroids in a position- and stereospecific manner on the steroid nucleus and side-chains. However, the biocatalysis of steroids reaction is a vital and demanding, yet challenging, task to produce the desired enantiopure products with non-natural substrates or non-natural cofactors, and/or in non-physiological conditions. This has driven the use of protein design strategies to improve their inherent biosynthetic efficiency or activate their silent catalytic ability. In this review, the innate features and catalytic characteristics of enzymes based on sequence-structure-function relationships of steroidogenic enzymes are reviewed. Combining structure information and catalytic mechanisms, progress in protein redesign to stimulate potential function, for example, substrate specificity, cofactor dependence, and catalytic stability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenchi Zhang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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2
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Enzyme Immobilization and Co-Immobilization: Main Framework, Advances and Some Applications. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are outstanding (bio)catalysts, not solely on account of their ability to increase reaction rates by up to several orders of magnitude but also for the high degree of substrate specificity, regiospecificity and stereospecificity. The use and development of enzymes as robust biocatalysts is one of the main challenges in biotechnology. However, despite the high specificities and turnover of enzymes, there are also drawbacks. At the industrial level, these drawbacks are typically overcome by resorting to immobilized enzymes to enhance stability. Immobilization of biocatalysts allows their reuse, increases stability, facilitates process control, eases product recovery, and enhances product yield and quality. This is especially important for expensive enzymes, for those obtained in low fermentation yield and with relatively low activity. This review provides an integrated perspective on (multi)enzyme immobilization that abridges a critical evaluation of immobilization methods and carriers, biocatalyst metrics, impact of key carrier features on biocatalyst performance, trends towards miniaturization and detailed illustrative examples that are representative of biocatalytic applications promoting sustainability.
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Castillo-Alfonso F, Rojas MM, Salgado-Bernal I, Carballo ME, Olivares-Hernández R, González-Bacerio J, Guisán JM, Del Monte-Martínez A. Optimization of theoretical maximal quantity of cells to immobilize on solid supports in the rational design of immobilized derivatives strategy. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:9. [PMID: 33392828 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Current worldwide challenges are to increase the food production and decrease the environmental contamination by industrial emissions. For this, bacteria can produce plant growth promoter phytohormones and mediate the bioremediation of sewage by heavy metals removal. We developed a Rational Design of Immobilized Derivatives (RDID) strategy, applicable for protein, spore and cell immobilization and implemented in the RDID1.0 software. In this work, we propose new algorithms to optimize the theoretical maximal quantity of cells to immobilize (tMQCell) on solid supports, implemented in the RDIDCell software. The main modifications to the preexisting algorithms are related to the sphere packing theory and exclusive immobilization on the support surface. We experimentally validated the new tMQCell parameter by electrostatic immobilization of ten microbial strains on AMBERJET® 4200 Cl- porous solid support. All predicted tMQCell match the practical maximal quantity of cells to immobilize with a 10% confidence. The values predicted by the RDIDCell software are more accurate than the values predicted by the RDID1.0 software. 3-indolacetic acid (IAA) production by one bacterial immobilized derivative was higher (~ 2.6 μg IAA-like indoles/108 cells) than that of the cell suspension (1.5 μg IAA-like indoles/108 cells), and higher than the tryptophan amount added as indole precursor. Another bacterial immobilized derivative was more active (22 μg Cr(III)/108 cells) than the resuspended cells (14.5 μg Cr(III)/108 cells) in bioconversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Optimized RDID strategy can be used to synthesize bacterial immobilized derivatives with useful biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Castillo-Alfonso
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba.,Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcia M Rojas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Virología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Irina Salgado-Bernal
- Departamento de Microbiología y Virología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - María E Carballo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Virología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Roberto Olivares-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba.
| | - José M Guisán
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Del Monte-Martínez
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba.
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Del Monte-Martínez A, González-Bacerio J, Cutiño-Avila B, Rojas J, Chappé M, Salas-Sarduy E, Pascual I, Guisán JM. Rational design and synthesis of affinity matrices based on proteases immobilized onto cellulose membranes. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:745-753. [PMID: 28402172 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1315600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of new protease inhibitors may result in potential therapeutic agents or useful biotechnological tools. Obtainment of these molecules from natural sources requires simple, economic, and highly efficient purification protocols. The aim of this work was the obtainment of affinity matrices by the covalent immobilization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and papain onto cellulose membranes, previously activated with formyl (FCM) or glyoxyl groups (GCM). GCM showed the highest activation grade (10.2 µmol aldehyde/cm2). We implemented our strategy for the rational design of immobilized derivatives (RDID) to optimize the immobilization. pH 9.0 was the optimum for the immobilization through the terminal α-NH2, configuration predicted as catalytically competent. However, our data suggest that protein immobilization may occur via clusters of few reactive groups. DPP-IV-GCM showed the highest maximal immobilized protein load (2.1 µg/cm2), immobilization percentage (91%), and probability of multipoint covalent attachment. The four enzyme-support systems were able to bind at least 80% of the reversible competitive inhibitors bacitracin/cystatin, compared with the available active sites in the immobilized derivatives. Our results show the potentialities of the synthesized matrices for affinity purification of protease inhibitors and confirm the robustness of the RDID strategy to optimize protein immobilization processes with further practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bessy Cutiño-Avila
- a Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology , University of Havana , Havana , Cuba
| | - Jorge Rojas
- b Center for Process Engineering , Higher Polytechnic Institute "José Antonio Echeverría" , Havana , Cuba
| | - Mae Chappé
- a Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology , University of Havana , Havana , Cuba
| | - Emir Salas-Sarduy
- a Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology , University of Havana , Havana , Cuba
| | - Isel Pascual
- a Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology , University of Havana , Havana , Cuba
| | - José M Guisán
- c Department of Biocatalysis , Institute for Catalysis, Higher Council for Scientific Research, Campus Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
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Cutiño-Avila B, Gil Pradas D, Aragón Abreu C, Fernández Marrero Y, Hernández de la Torre M, Salas Sarduy E, Chávez Planes MDLÁ, Guisán Seijas JM, Díaz Brito J, Del Monte-Martínez A. Computer-aided design of bromelain and papain covalent immobilization. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2014. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v16n1.44184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Martínez D, Cutiño-Avila B, Pérez ER, Menéndez C, Hernández L, del Monte-Martínez A. A thermostable exo-β-fructosidase immobilised through rational design. Food Chem 2014; 145:826-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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