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Liu X, Ren W, Jiang Z, Su Z, Ma X, Li Y, Jiang R, Zhang J, Yang X. Hypothermia inhibits the proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and increases tolerance to hypoxia by enhancing SUMOylation. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1631-1638. [PMID: 29039464 PMCID: PMC5716456 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia therapy has a positive effect on patients with severe brain injury. Recent studies have shown that mild hypothermia increases the survival of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a hypoxic environment; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are sensitive to temperature stress reactions and are considered to exert a protective effect. In this study, we examined the protective effects of hypothermia on BMSCs in terms of SUMO protein modification. First, we found that mild hypothermia inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs and increased cell tolerance to a hypoxic environment. Second, hypothermia significantly increased the levels of SUMO modification of multiple proteins in BMSCs. The knockdown of SUMO1/2/3 induced the rapid aging of the BMSCs, while the inhibition of the SUMO-conjugating enzyme, Ubc9, reduced cell proliferation and increased the proportion of BMSCs differentiating into nerve cells. Moreover, the tolerance of BMSCs to the hypoxic environment was significantly decreased. Lastly, we investigated 4 reported SUMO target proteins, anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, p53 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, to confirm that SUMO modification was indeed involved in maintaining the proliferation, inhibiting differentiation and enhancing the resistance of BMSCs against adverse conditions. Taken together, our results indicate that the SUMO pathway is involved in the response to hypothermic stress, and that SUMOylation may be an important protective mechanism against hypothermia for the survival of BMSCs under unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Kanu N, Zhang T, Burrell RA, Chakraborty A, Cronshaw J, Da Costa C, Grönroos E, Pemberton HN, Anderton E, Gonzalez L, Sabbioneda S, Ulrich HD, Swanton C, Behrens A. RAD18, WRNIP1 and ATMIN promote ATM signalling in response to replication stress. Oncogene 2016; 35:4009-19. [PMID: 26549024 PMCID: PMC4842010 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The DNA replication machinery invariably encounters obstacles that slow replication fork progression, and threaten to prevent complete replication and faithful segregation of sister chromatids. The resulting replication stress activates ATR, the major kinase involved in resolving impaired DNA replication. In addition, replication stress also activates the related kinase ATM, which is required to prevent mitotic segregation errors. However, the molecular mechanism of ATM activation by replication stress is not defined. Here, we show that monoubiquitinated Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), a marker of stalled replication forks, interacts with the ATM cofactor ATMIN via WRN-interacting protein 1 (WRNIP1). ATMIN, WRNIP1 and RAD18, the E3 ligase responsible for PCNA monoubiquitination, are specifically required for ATM signalling and 53BP1 focus formation induced by replication stress, not ionising radiation. Thus, WRNIP1 connects PCNA monoubiquitination with ATMIN/ATM to activate ATM signalling in response to replication stress and contribute to the maintenance of genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnennaya Kanu
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Rebecca A. Burrell
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK and UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Atanu Chakraborty
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Janet Cronshaw
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Clive Da Costa
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK and UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Helen N. Pemberton
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Emma Anderton
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Laure Gonzalez
- DNA Damage Tolerance Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso, 207 - 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Helle D. Ulrich
- DNA Damage Tolerance Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK and UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Axel Behrens
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
- School of Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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Zech J, Dalgaard JZ. Replisome components--post-translational modifications and their effects. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 30:144-53. [PMID: 24685613 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The process of DNA replication is highly regulated, but at the same time very dynamic. Once S-phase is initiated and replication elongation is occurring, the cells are committed to complete replication in order to ensure genome stability and survival. Many pathways exist to resolve situations where normal replisome progression is not possible. It is becoming more and more evident that post-translational modifications of replisome components play a key role in regulating these pathways which ensure fork progression. Here we review the known modifications of the progressing replisome and how these modifications are thought to affect DNA replication in unperturbed and perturbed S-phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Zech
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbert Hill Campus, CV47AL Coventry, UK
| | - Jacob Zeuthen Dalgaard
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbert Hill Campus, CV47AL Coventry, UK.
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