1
|
Gala B, Badge A, Bawaskar P, Gajbe U, Singh BR, Kohale M. The Potential of Theophylline and Pentoxifylline in Sperm Optimization and Its Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes. Cureus 2023; 15:e48192. [PMID: 38054131 PMCID: PMC10694395 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm motility is an essential selection criteria by embryologists at the time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). One method of testing sperm viability is to induce sperm motility by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels by treating a semen sample with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs), such as theophylline and pentoxifylline. It explores the implications of PDEI in medical care, reflecting on its effects in clinical settings and recognizing potential topics for future exploration. This analysis revealed that by incorporating stimulants that activate movements, the time it took to single out sperms was markedly reduced, and consequently, the sperms were safeguarded from a prolonged period of oxidative stress. Furthermore, theophylline was found to advance sperm motility, consequently resulting in several initially immobile spermatozoa displaying rapid progressive motility. Higher fertilization rate, cleavage rate, good quality embryos (grade I), and higher biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates were found with artificial sperm activation (ASA) using pentoxifylline and theophylline. This review emphasizes the need for more research to evaluate the drug's long-term safety and investigate the effects of theophylline and pentoxifylline on postfertilization parameters, such as embryo development, implantation, and pregnancy outcomes. These areas of investigation are important for understanding the complete impact of these agents and to ensure their safe and effective implementation in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika Gala
- Clinical Embryology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Ankit Badge
- Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Pranita Bawaskar
- Clinical Embryology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Ujwal Gajbe
- Anatomy, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Brij Raj Singh
- Anatomy, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| | - Mangesh Kohale
- Pathology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Nagpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grammatis AL, Georgiou EX, Becker CM. Pentoxifylline for the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain and infertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 8:CD007677. [PMID: 34431079 PMCID: PMC8407096 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007677.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that occurs during the reproductive years. It is characterised by endometrium-like tissue developing outside the uterine cavity. This endometriotic tissue development is dependent on oestrogen produced primarily by the ovaries and partially by the endometriotic tissue itself, therefore traditional management has focused on ovarian suppression. In this review we considered the role of modulation of the immune system as an alternative approach. This is an update of a Cochrane Review previously published in 2012. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness and safety of pentoxifylline in the management of endometriosis. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility (CGF) Group Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and AMED on 16 December 2020, together with reference checking and contact with study authors and experts in the field to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pentoxifylline with placebo or no treatment, other medical treatment, or surgery in women with endometriosis. The primary outcomes were live birth rate and overall pain (as measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, other validated scales, or dichotomous outcomes) per woman randomised. Secondary outcomes included clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, rate of recurrence, and adverse events resulting from the pentoxifylline intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed studies against the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias, consulting a third review author where required. We contacted study authors as needed. We analysed dichotomous outcomes using Mantel-Haenszel risk ratios (RRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and a fixed-effect model. For small numbers of events, we used a Peto odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI instead. We analysed continuous outcomes using the mean difference (MD) between groups presented with 95% CIs. We used the I2 statistic to evaluate heterogeneity amongst studies. We employed the GRADE approach to assess the quality of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included five parallel-design RCTs involving a total of 415 women. We included one additional RCT in this update. Three studies did not specify details relating to allocation concealment, and two studies were not blinded. There were also considerable loss to follow-up, with four studies not conducting intention-to-treat analysis. We judged the quality of the evidence as very low. Pentoxifylline versus placebo No trials reported on our primary outcomes of live birth rate and overall pain. We are uncertain as to whether pentoxifylline treatment affects clinical pregnancy rate when compared to placebo (RR 1.38, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.10; 3 RCTs, n = 285; I2 = 0%; very low-quality evidence). The evidence suggests that if the clinical pregnancy rate with placebo is estimated to be 20%, then the rate with pentoxifylline is estimated as between 18% and 43%. We are also uncertain as to whether pentoxifylline affects the recurrence rate of endometriosis (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.30 to 2.36; 1 RCT, n = 121; very low-quality evidence) or miscarriage rate (Peto OR 1.99, 95% CI 0.20 to 19.37; 2 RCTs, n = 164; I2 = 0%; very low-quality evidence). No trials reported on the effect of pentoxifylline on improvement of endometriosis-related symptoms other than pain or adverse events. Pentoxifylline versus no treatment No trials reported on live birth rate. We are uncertain as to whether pentoxifylline treatment affects overall pain when compared to no treatment at one month (MD -0.36, 95% CI -2.12 to 1.40; 1 RCT, n = 34; very low-quality evidence), two months (MD -1.25, 95% CI -2.67 to 0.17; 1 RCT, n = 34; very low-quality evidence), or three months (MD -1.60, 95% CI -3.32 to 0.12; 1 RCT, n = 34; very low-quality evidence). No trials reported on adverse events caused by pentoxifylline or any of our other secondary outcomes. Pentoxifylline versus other medical therapies One study (n = 83) compared pentoxifylline to the combined oral contraceptive pill after laparoscopic surgery to treat endometriosis, but could not be included in the meta-analysis as it was unclear if the data were presented as +/- standard deviation and what the duration of treatment was. No trials reported on adverse events caused by pentoxifylline or any of our other secondary outcomes. Pentoxifylline versus conservative surgical treatment No study reported on this comparison. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No studies reported on our primary outcome of live birth rate. Due to the very limited evidence, we are uncertain of the effects of pentoxifylline on clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, or overall pain. There is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of pentoxifylline in the management of women with endometriosis with respect to subfertility and pain relief outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian M Becker
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahaldashtian M, Khalili MA, Nottola SA, Woodward B, Macchiarelli G, Miglietta S. Does in vitro application of pentoxifylline have beneficial effects in assisted male reproduction? Andrologia 2020; 53:e13722. [PMID: 33112447 DOI: 10.1111/and.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of nonspecific phosphodiesterases inhibitors, such as pentoxifylline (PTX), is a strategy utilised to aid sperm selection from immotile sperm samples prior to ICSI. No extensive studies have yet been performed to verify the safety of the clinical outcomes of ICSI after PTX administration. In this article, we summarise the data reported in the literature that assess the implication of in vitro usage of PTX on sperm parameters, as well as clinical outcomes during assisted male reproduction programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahaldashtian
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khalili
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Stefania Annarita Nottola
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kheradmand N, Kamkar R, Moshajjari M, Baazm M. Effect of selenium and pentoxifylline on expression of CATSPER1 and 2 genes and FSH/LH levels in treated mice by dexamethasone. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13279. [PMID: 30983026 DOI: 10.1111/and.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone has deleterious effects on male fertility and sperm parameters. In this study, the effect of dexamethasone on expression of CATSPER1 and 2 genes was investigated. These two genes play an important role in sperm motility. Selenium and pentoxifylline were subsequently used to protect testis tissue against the destructive effects of dexamethasone. Each group received one of the following treatments for 7 days: dexamethasone (7 mg/kg), pentoxifylline (200 mg/kg), selenium (0.3 mg/kg), dexamethasone + pentoxifylline or selenium + dexamethasone. Animals in the control group received a normal saline injection. The expression of CATSPER1 and 2 genes was analysed by real-time PCR and serum levels of FSH and LH were determined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Based on the results, dexamethasone decreases not only CATSPER1 and 2 gene expression but also serum levels of LH (p ≤ 0.05); however, it has no effect on FSH (p > 0.05). Treating with selenium significantly increased the gene expression of both CATSPER1 and 2 (p ≤ 0.05), while pentoxifylline enhanced only CATSPER2 gene expression (p ≤ 0.05). These two antioxidants were shown to increase serum levels of LH (p ≤ 0.05). Our data suggest that selenium is more effective than pentoxifylline in overcoming adverse effects of dexamethasone on male fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Razieh Kamkar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Minoo Moshajjari
- Students Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Baazm
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cito G, Coccia ME, Bertocci F, Picone R, Cocci A, Fucci R, Basile V, Micelli E, Criscuoli L, Serni S, Carini M, Natali A. Successful pregnancy in double factor infertility: Sperm in vitro culture by modified testicular fine-needle aspiration. Urologia 2019; 86:141-144. [PMID: 30919754 DOI: 10.1177/0391560319840203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infertility may depend up to 27% of couples on both partners. In patients with obstructive azoospermia, testicular fine-needle aspiration represents a good option to retrieve spermatozoa, in order to perform an assisted reproductive treatment. In vitro maturation of testicular spermatozoa could be the better choice of treatment in view of the increased motility, improving fertilization and pregnancy rates. CASE DESCRIPTION A 34-year-old azoospermic man and his 33-year-old partner referred for treatment of simultaneous male and female infertility factor. The woman presented a diminished ovarian reserve, with serum follicle stimulating hormone value of 27.15 IU/L. The man underwent trans-rectal and testicular ultrasounds that detected the congenital absence of proximal vas deferens on the right side and the absence of seminal vesicle and distal vas deferens on the left side. We proposed a chance to have their own biological child. The man underwent modified testicular fine-needle aspiration using a 18-gauge butterfly needle. Sperm retrieval was successful with 0.001 × 106 spermatozoa/mL and absence of motility. Testicular sperm suspension was cultured for 24 h to identify sperm viability, achieving 10% of sperm motility. Two metaphase II oocytes were retrieved and processed with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Clinical pregnancy with live birth was obtained. CONCLUSION Performing modified testicular fine-needle aspiration increases successful sperm retrieval. Testicular sperm in vitro culture for 24 h proved to be a real and practical technique to increase sperm motility, in order to select mature and viable spermatozoa and improve successful intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianmartin Cito
- 1 Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Coccia
- 2 Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertocci
- 2 Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Picone
- 2 Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Cocci
- 1 Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rossella Fucci
- 2 Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Basile
- 2 Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Micelli
- 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Claire Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciana Criscuoli
- 2 Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Serni
- 1 Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Carini
- 1 Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Natali
- 1 Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Banihani SA, Abu-Alhayjaa RF, Amarin ZO, Alzoubi KH. Pentoxifylline increases the level of nitric oxide produced by human spermatozoa. Andrologia 2017; 50. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - R. F. Abu-Alhayjaa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - Z. O. Amarin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - K. H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hosseini A, Khalili MA. Improvement of motility after culture of testicular spermatozoa: the effects of incubation timing and temperature. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:271-276. [PMID: 28540235 PMCID: PMC5422686 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.03.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sperm motility is the reliable parameter that roles in success of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), especially in azoospermia. Selection of appropriate culture duration, temperature and media for enhancing the sperm motility is an important issue in assisted reproduction program. The aim was to evaluate the sperm motion characteristics after culturing of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) samples at different temperatures and time intervals. Methods In this prospective study, 27 TESE samples were collected from young azoospermic patients. The samples were cultured in Ham’s F10+20% HAS, at different temperatures (incubation at 37 vs. 25 °C) and sperm total motility was assessed at different time intervals of 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post testicular biopsy. Results In vitro culture at 25 °C changed sperm motility from 13% immediately after biopsy to 76% at 24 h, 43% at 48 h and 15% at 72 h. At 37 °C, the sperm motion feature was changed to 67% at 24 h, 38.40% at 48 h and 12.03% at 72 h. Sperm motility change at 24 h was incremental in both conditions of culturing, but significant at 25 °C (P≤0.05). Conclusions The ideal in vitro culture for testicular spermatozoa was at 25 °C after 1 day of culture, which optimized the sperm motility in azoospermic TESE samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hosseini
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khalili
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Unsal E, Turan V, Aktuna S, Hurdag C, Bereketoglu G, Canillioglu Y, Baltacı A, Ozcan S, Karayalcin R, Batırbaygil H, Baltacı V. Effects of pentoxifylline and platelet activating factor on sperm DNA damage. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 197:125-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Ghasemzadeh A, Karkon-Shayan F, Yousefzadeh S, Naghavi-Behzad M, Hamdi K. Study of pentoxifylline effects on motility and viability of spermatozoa from infertile asthenozoospermic males. Niger Med J 2016; 57:324-328. [PMID: 27942099 PMCID: PMC5126744 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.193857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of semen is one of the major parameters in male infertility. Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, is an agent primarily used in the treatment of intermittent claudication and other vascular disorders. Studies have shown that pentoxifylline enhances the quality and quantity of sperms. In this study, we have investigated the in vitro effects of pentoxifylline on viability and motility of spermatozoa in samples of infertile oligoasthenozoospermic males. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this observer-blinded clinical trial, semen samples of 25 infertile oligoasthenozoospermic males were collected in Alzahra Educational Medical Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from August 2010 to August 2012. After the isolation of spermatozoa by the swim-up method, they were randomized into four groups in ISM1 environment: The controls treated normally: Group 1 treated by pentoxifylline at a dose of 50 μg/ml, Group 2 treated by pentoxifylline at a dose of 100 μg/ml, and Group 3 treated by pentoxifylline at a dose of 200 μg/ml. Sperm viability and motility were compared among the groups on 45 min, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h intervals. RESULTS Mean percentages of live sperms were 98.40%, 51.40%, 20.60%, and 6.00% in control group and 98.40%, 69.20%, 38.60%, and 14.60% in Group 3 on the mentioned intervals, respectively. This mean percentage decrease of live sperms was significantly lower in Group 3 comparing with that of other groups (P = 0.01). Mean percentages of motile sperms were 54%, 8.40%, 2.80%, and 0% in control group; and 54%, 16%, 4.80%, and 1.40% in Group 3 on the mentioned intervals, respectively. There was not a significant difference between the four groups in this regard (P = 0.19). CONCLUSION Pentoxifylline can enhance the viability of sperm of infertile oligoasthenozoospermic males with no significant effect on its motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Ghasemzadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid Karkon-Shayan
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Yousefzadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kobra Hamdi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Banihani SA, Abu-Alhayjaa RF. The activity of seminal creatine kinase is increased in the presence of pentoxifylline. Andrologia 2015; 48:603-4. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - R. F. Abu-Alhayjaa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The effect of pentoxifylline on penile cavernosal tissues in ischemic priapism-induced rat model. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:1961-7. [PMID: 25027804 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Priapism is defined as persisting (>4 h), painful and abnormal tumescence that can occur without sexual stimulation. Three subtypes priapisms are seen-the non-ischemic priapism, intermittent and the ischemic priapism. In ischemic priapism, there is an abnormality in the veno-occlusive mechanism, resulting in venous stasis and accumulation of deoxygenated blood within the penile cavernosal tissue. Cavernosal tissue necrosis develops after extended period of ischemia and is eventually replaced by fibrotic tissue. It may results in erectile dysfunction if not treated promptly. Although, standard treatment of the ischemic priapism is penile aspiration and intracavernosal alpha-adrenergic agents, new oral agents have been investigated to reduce the cavernosal damage. In this study, the effect of different doses of pentoxifylline on cavernosal tissues was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats, age 5.5-6 months and weighing 250-300 g, were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into five groups. In Group 1 (n = 7), the control group, only penectomy was performed. In Group 2 (n = 8), after 1 h of ischemic priapism, penectomy was performed. Group 3 (n = 7) received daily a 10 mg oral pentoxifylline for 4 weeks after 1 h of ischemic priapism, group 4 (n = 7) received a daily 30 mg oral pentoxifylline for 4 weeks after 1 h of ischemic priapism, and group 5 (n = 7) received a daily 100 mg oral pentoxifylline for 4 weeks after 1 h of ischemic priapism. At the completion of a 4-week period, penile tissues were obtained. Before penile tissues were obtained, intracavernosal pressures measured with electrical field stimulation and smooth muscle collagen ratio were evaluated pathologically. RESULTS Electrical field stimulation-induced intracavernosal relaxation decreased in group 2 compared with group 1 (p < 0.05). Electrical field stimulation-induced relaxation enhanced in the group 3, 4 and 5 compared to group 2 (p < 0.05). In group 2, the collagen density was significantly higher than group 1. Administration of pentoxifylline reduced the collagen density caused by ischemic priapism in groups 3, 4 and 5 compared with group 2. CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that ischemic priapism caused damage in the penile tissues of rats, and treatment with pentoxifylline reduced the harmful effects of ischemic priapism.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Q, Dahl MJ, Albertine KH, Ramchandran R, Sun M, Raj JU. Role of histone deacetylases in regulation of phenotype of ovine newborn pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Cell Prolif 2014; 46:654-64. [PMID: 24460719 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary arterial hypertension, characterized by pulmonary vascular remodelling and vasoconstriction, is associated with excessive proliferative changes in pulmonary vascular walls. However, the role of HDACs in the phenotypic alteration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is largely unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells were isolated from newborn sheep. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expression were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Wound-healing scratch assay was used to measure cell migration. Contractility of newborn PASMCs was determined by gel contraction assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to examine histone modifications along the p21 promoter region. Global DNA methylation was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Inhibition of class I and class II HDACs by apicidin and HDACi VIII suppressed proliferation of newborn PASMC and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Acetyl H3 levels were higher in newborn PASMC treated with apicidin and HDACi VIII. This was accompanied by increased expression of p21 and reduced expression of CCND1 but not p53. HDAC inhibition altered histone codes around the p21 promoter region in NPASMC. Apicidin inhibited serum-induced cell migration, and modulated profiling of expression of genes encoding pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. Contractility and global DNA methylation levels of newborn PASMCs were also markedly modulated by apicidin. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that class I HDACs are clearly involved in phenotypic alteration of newborn PASMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|