1
|
Reynolds J, Huang M, Li Y, Meineck M, Moeckel T, Weinmann-Menke J, Mohan C, Schwarting A, Putterman C. Constitutive knockout of interleukin-6 ameliorates memory deficits and entorhinal astrocytosis in the MRL/lpr mouse model of neuropsychiatric lupus. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:89. [PMID: 38600510 PMCID: PMC11007930 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) describes the cognitive, memory, and affective emotional burdens faced by many lupus patients. While NPSLE's pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, clinical imaging studies and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, namely elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, point to ongoing neuroinflammation in affected patients. Not only linked to systemic autoimmunity, IL-6 can also activate neurotoxic glial cells the brain. A prior pre-clinical study demonstrated that IL-6 can acutely induce a loss of sucrose preference; the present study sought to assess the necessity of chronic IL-6 exposure in the NPSLE-like disease of MRL/lpr lupus mice. METHODS We quantified 1308 proteins in individual serum or pooled CSF samples from MRL/lpr and control MRL/mpj mice using protein microarrays. Serum IL-6 levels were plotted against characteristic NPSLE neurobehavioral deficits. Next, IL-6 knockout MRL/lpr (IL-6 KO; n = 15) and IL-6 wildtype MRL/lpr mice (IL-6 WT; n = 15) underwent behavioral testing, focusing on murine correlates of learning and memory deficits, depression, and anxiety. Using qPCR, we quantified the expression of inflammatory genes in the cortex and hippocampus of MRL/lpr IL-6 KO and WT mice. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to quantify numbers of microglia (Iba1 +) and astrocytes (GFAP +) in multiple cortical regions, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. RESULTS MRL/lpr CSF analyses revealed increases in IL-17, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 (a priori p-value < 0.1). Serum levels of IL-6 correlated with learning and memory performance (R2 = 0.58; p = 0.03), but not motivated behavior, in MRL/lpr mice. Compared to MRL/lpr IL-6 WT, IL-6 KO mice exhibited improved novelty preference on object placement (45.4% vs 60.2%, p < 0.0001) and object recognition (48.9% vs 67.9%, p = 0.002) but equivalent performance in tests for anxiety-like disease and depression-like behavior. IL-6 KO mice displayed decreased cortical expression of aif1 (microglia; p = 0.049) and gfap (astrocytes; p = 0.044). Correspondingly, IL-6 KO mice exhibited decreased density of GFAP + cells compared to IL-6 WT in the entorhinal cortex (89 vs 148 cells/mm2, p = 0.037), an area vital to memory. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory composition of MRL/lpr CSF resembles that of human NPSLE patients. Increased in the CNS, IL-6 is necessary to the development of learning and memory deficits in the MRL/lpr model of NPSLE. Furthermore, the stimulation of entorhinal astrocytosis appears to be a key mechanism by which IL-6 promotes these behavioral deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Reynolds
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Huang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaxi Li
- University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Meineck
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tamara Moeckel
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schwarting
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefat, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zarfeshani A, Carroll KR, Volpe BT, Diamond B. Cognitive Impairment in SLE: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:25. [PMID: 33782842 PMCID: PMC11207197 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suffer from cognitive dysfunction (CD) which severely impacts their quality of life. However, CD remains underdiagnosed and poorly understood. Here, we discuss current findings in patients and in animal models. Strong evidence suggests that CD pathogenesis involves known mechanisms of tissue injury in SLE. These mechanisms recruit brain resident cells, in particular microglia, into the pathological process. While systemic immune activation is critical to central nervous system injury, the current focus of therapy is the microglial cell and not the systemic immune perturbation. Further studies are critical to examine additional potential therapeutic targets and more specific treatments based on the cause and progress of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Zarfeshani
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Carroll
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Bruce T Volpe
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Srikumar BN, Naidu PS, Kalidindi N, Paschapur M, Adepu B, Subramani S, Nagar J, Srivastava R, Sreedhara MV, Prasad DS, Das ML, Louis JV, Kuchibhotla VK, Dudhgaonkar S, Pieschl RL, Li YW, Bristow LJ, Ramarao M, Vikramadithyan RK. Diminished responses to monoaminergic antidepressants but not ketamine in a mouse model for neuropsychiatric lupus. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:25-36. [PMID: 30484737 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118812102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of patients suffering from major depression fail to remit following treatment and develop treatment-resistant depression. Developing novel treatments requires animal models with good predictive validity. MRL/lpr mice, an established model of systemic lupus erythematosus, show depression-like behavior. AIMS We evaluated responses to classical antidepressants, and associated immunological and biochemical changes in MRL/lpr mice. METHODS AND RESULTS MRL/lpr mice showed increased immobility in the forced swim test, decreased wheel running and sucrose preference when compared with the controls, MRL/MpJ mice. In MRL/lpr mice, acute fluoxetine (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)), imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or duloxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) did not decrease the immobility time in the Forced Swim Test. Interestingly, acute administration of combinations of olanzapine (0.03 mg/kg, subcutaneously)+fluoxetine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or bupropion (10 mg/kg, i.p.)+fluoxetine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) retained efficacy. A single dose of ketamine but not three weeks of imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or escitalopram (5 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment in MRL/lpr mice restored sucrose preference. Further, we evaluated inflammatory, immune-mediated and neuronal mechanisms. In MRL/lpr mice, there was an increase in autoantibodies' titers, [3H]PK11195 binding and immune complex deposition. There was a significant infiltration of the brain by macrophages, neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. p11 mRNA expression was decreased in the prefrontal cortex. Further, there was an increase in the 5-HT2aR expression, plasma corticosterone and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. CONCLUSION In summary, the MRL/lpr mice could be a useful model for Treatment Resistant Depression associated with immune dysfunction with potential to expedite antidepressant drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettadapura N Srikumar
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Pattipati S Naidu
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Mahesh Paschapur
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Bharath Adepu
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Siva Subramani
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Jignesh Nagar
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Ratika Srivastava
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Muppana V Sreedhara
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Durga Shiva Prasad
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Manish Lal Das
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Justin V Louis
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Vijaya K Kuchibhotla
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Shailesh Dudhgaonkar
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Rick L Pieschl
- 2 Neuroscience Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Li
- 2 Neuroscience Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Linda J Bristow
- 2 Neuroscience Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gelb S, Stock AD, Anzi S, Putterman C, Ben-Zvi A. Mechanisms of neuropsychiatric lupus: The relative roles of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier versus blood-brain barrier. J Autoimmun 2018; 91:34-44. [PMID: 29627289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is believed to include the entry of circulating neuropathic antibodies to the brain via a pathologically permeable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nevertheless, direct evidence of BBB pathology or mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction is missing. Here, we examined BBB integrity in an established NPSLE mouse model (MRL/faslpr/lpr). Surprisingly, challenging the barrier with various exogenous tracers demonstrated insignificant changes in BBB permeability. Furthermore, electron microscopy showed no ultrastructure changes supporting hyper-permeability. However, we found that abnormal function of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) in the choroid plexus underlies brain exposure to neuropathic antibodies. Considerable intrathecal lymphocyte infiltration likely occurs through the BCSFB, accompanied by epithelial hyper-permeability to antibodies. Our results challenge the commonly held view of BBB disruption in NPSLE, supporting a shift in focus to BCSFB dysfunction as a causative factor in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Gelb
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ariel D Stock
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Shira Anzi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ayal Ben-Zvi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jain S, Stock A, Macian F, Putterman C. A Distinct T Follicular Helper Cell Subset Infiltrates the Brain in Murine Neuropsychiatric Lupus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:487. [PMID: 29593732 PMCID: PMC5859360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are not uncommon, yet the mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression in the brain are incompletely understood. Although the role of T cells in other lupus target organs such as the kidney is well defined, which T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric SLE is not known. The present study was aimed at characterizing the CD4 T cell populations that are present in the choroid plexus (CP) of MRL/MpJ-faslpr mice, the primary site of brain infiltration in this classic lupus mouse model which exhibits a prominent neurobehavioral phenotype. T cells infiltrating the CP of MRL/MpJ-faslpr mice were characterized and subset identification was done by multiparameter flow cytometry. We found that the infiltrating CD4 T cells are activated and have an effector phenotype. Importantly, CD4 T cells have a T follicular helper cell (TFH) like phenotype, as evidenced by their surface markers and signature cytokine, IL-21. In addition, CD4 TFH cells also secrete significant levels of IFN-γ and express Bcl-6, thereby conforming to a potentially pathogenic T helper population that can drive the disease progression. Interestingly, the regulatory axis comprising CD4 T regulatory cells is diminished. These results suggest that accumulation of CD4 TFH in the brain of MRL/MpJ-faslpr mice may contribute to the neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE, and point to this T cell subset as a possible novel therapeutic candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jain
- Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ariel Stock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Fernando Macian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chalmers SA, Wen J, Doerner J, Stock A, Cuda CM, Makinde HM, Perlman H, Bosanac T, Webb D, Nabozny G, Fine JS, Klein E, Ramanujam M, Putterman C. Highly selective inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase attenuates skin and brain disease in murine lupus. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:10. [PMID: 29370834 PMCID: PMC5785891 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects different end organs, including skin and brain. We and others have previously shown the importance of macrophages in the pathogenesis of cutaneous and neuropsychiatric lupus. Additionally, autoantibodies produced by autoreactive B cells are thought to play a role in both the skin and central nervous system pathologies associated with SLE. Methods We used a novel inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), BI-BTK-1, to target both macrophage and B cell function in the MRL-lpr/lpr murine model of SLE, and examined the effect of treatment on skin and brain disease. Results We found that treatment with BI-BTK-1 significantly attenuated the lupus associated cutaneous and neuropsychiatric disease phenotypes in MRL/lpr mice. Specifically, BI-BTK-1 treated mice had fewer macroscopic and microscopic skin lesions, reduced cutaneous cellular infiltration, and diminished inflammatory cytokine expression compared to control mice. BTK inhibition also significantly improved cognitive function, and decreased accumulation of T cells, B cells, and macrophages within the central nervous system, specifically the choroid plexus. Conclusions Directed therapies may improve the response rate in lupus-driven target organ involvement, and decrease the dangerous side effects associated with global immunosuppression. Overall, our results suggest that inhibition of BTK may be a promising therapeutic option for cutaneous and neuropsychiatric disease associated with SLE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1500-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Chalmers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Doerner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ariel Stock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Carla M Cuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hadijat M Makinde
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Harris Perlman
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Todd Bosanac
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Deborah Webb
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Gerald Nabozny
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Jay S Fine
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Elliott Klein
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Meera Ramanujam
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, F701N, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The blood brain barrier and neuropsychiatric lupus: new perspectives in light of advances in understanding the neuroimmune interface. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:612-619. [PMID: 28428121 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Experts have previously postulated a linkage between lupus associated vascular pathology and abnormal brain barriers in the immunopathogenesis of neuropsychiatric lupus. Nevertheless, there are some discrepancies between the experimental evidence, or its interpretation, and the working hypotheses prevalent in this field; specifically, that a primary contributor to neuropsychiatric disease in lupus is permeabilization of the blood brain barrier. In this commonly held view, any contribution of the other known brain barriers, including the blood-cerebrospinal fluid and meningeal barriers, is mostly excluded from the discussion. In this review we will shed light on some of the blood brain barrier hypotheses and try to trace their roots. In addition, we will suggest new research directions to allow for confirmation of alternative interpretations of the experimental evidence linking the pathology of intra-cerebral vasculature to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric lupus.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sustained Immunosuppression Alters Olfactory Function in the MRL Model of CNS Lupus. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:555-564. [PMID: 28401431 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is frequently accompanied by diverse neuropsychiatric manifestations. An increased frequency of olfactory deficits has been recently reported as another marker of CNS involvement in SLE patients. Similarly, we observed that spontaneous development of lupus-like disease in MRL/lpr mice is accompanied by altered olfaction-related behaviors. However, it remained unclear whether the behavioral deficits are due to systemic autoimmunity, or the distinct genetic make-up. To address this question, we presently examine whether prolonged treatment with the immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (CY) restores odor-guided behaviors in MRL/lpr mice. Over 12 weekends, MRL/lpr and control MRL +/+ males were given ad lib access to a sweetened CY solution or a vehicle. Their responsiveness to different scents was assessed at ages corresponding to mild, modest, and severe disease. Odor-guided exploratory behavior was further examined in the novel object test at 21 weeks of age, shortly before terminal assessment of immunopathology. In comparison to control groups, MRL/lpr mice exposed to CY exhibited normal spleen size and antibody levels, as well as increased responsiveness to an attractant and a novel object. However, CY treatment also exacerbated their aberrant response to a repellent, suggesting a dual mode of action on brain olfactory systems. The present results reveal that generalized immunosuppression modulates odor-guided behaviors in lupus-prone animals. Although key pathogenic mechanisms are not clear, the findings strengthen the construct validity of the MRL model by supporting the hypothesis that onset of systemic autoimmunity alters the activity of olfactory circuits.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wen J, Doerner J, Chalmers S, Stock A, Wang H, Gullinello M, Shlomchik MJ, Putterman C. B cell and/or autoantibody deficiency do not prevent neuropsychiatric disease in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:73. [PMID: 27055816 PMCID: PMC4823887 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) can be one of the earliest clinical manifestations in human lupus. However, its mechanisms are not fully understood. In lupus, a compromised blood-brain barrier may allow for the passage of circulating autoantibodies into the brain, where they can induce neuropsychiatric abnormalities including depression-like behavior and cognitive abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of B cells and/or autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of murine NPSLE. Methods We evaluated neuropsychiatric manifestations, brain pathology, and cytokine expression in constitutively (JhD/MRL/lpr) and conditionally (hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr, inducible by tamoxifen) B cell-depleted mice as compared to MRL/lpr lupus mice. Results We found that autoantibody levels were negligible (JhD/MRL/lpr) or significantly reduced (hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. Nevertheless, both JhD/MRL/lpr and hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr mice showed profound depression-like behavior, which was no different from MRL/lpr mice. Cognitive deficits were also observed in both JhD/MRL/lpr and hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr mice, similar to those exhibited by MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, although some differences were dependent on the timing of depletion, central features of NPSLE in the MRL/lpr strain including increased blood-brain barrier permeability, brain cell apoptosis, and upregulated cytokine expression persisted in B cell-deficient and B cell-depleted mice. Conclusions Our study surprisingly found that B cells and/or autoantibodies are not required for key features of neuropsychiatric disease in murine NPSLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Doerner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Chalmers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ariel Stock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Haowei Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria Gullinello
- Behavioral Core Facility, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, F701N, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
We present a succinct review of our approach to study the interactions between the DNA-reactive antibodies that cross-react with the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, denoted DNRABs, and their brain targets in subjects with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). We have analyzed the DNRAB-based brain symptomatology in mouse models of NPSLE by using an integrative neuroscience approach, which includes behavioral assessment coupled with electrophysiological studies of neural networks and synaptic connections in target brain regions, such as the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Our results suggest a framework for understanding the interactions between immune factors and neural networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricio T Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune and Neural Networks, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore LIJ Medical School, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Elizabeth L Gibson
- Laboratory of Immune and Neural Networks, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Carson Rey
- Laboratory of Immune and Neural Networks, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tomás S Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune and Neural Networks, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chang EH, Volpe BT, Mackay M, Aranow C, Watson P, Kowal C, Storbeck J, Mattis P, Berlin R, Chen H, Mader S, Huerta TS, Huerta PT, Diamond B. Selective Impairment of Spatial Cognition Caused by Autoantibodies to the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:755-64. [PMID: 26286205 PMCID: PMC4534689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience cognitive abnormalities in multiple domains including processing speed, executive function, and memory. Here we show that SLE patients carrying antibodies that bind DNA and the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), termed DNRAbs, displayed a selective impairment in spatial recall. Neural recordings in a mouse model of SLE, in which circulating DNRAbs penetrate the hippocampus, revealed that CA1 place cells exhibited a significant expansion in place field size. Structural analysis showed that hippocampal pyramidal cells had substantial reductions in their dendritic processes and spines. Strikingly, these abnormalities became evident at a time when DNRAbs were no longer detectable in the hippocampus. These results suggest that antibody-mediated neurocognitive impairments may be highly specific, and that spatial cognition may be particularly vulnerable to DNRAb-mediated structural and functional injury to hippocampal cells that evolves after the triggering insult is no longer present.
Collapse
Key Words
- AP, alkaline phosphatase
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- BDI, Beck depression index
- C3, C4, complements 3 and 4, respectively
- CA1 place cell
- CA1, cornus ammonis area 1 of the hippocampus
- CNS, central nervous system
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- DMARD, disease-modifying drugs
- DNRAb, anti-DNA antibody reactive to the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of the NMDAR
- DWEYS, amino acid consensus sequence (D/E, W, D/E, Y, S/G) for DNRAb binding
- FA, Freund's adjuvant
- HC, healthy control
- HEK-293T, human embryonic kidney 293 T cell
- Hippocampus
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Lupus
- MAP, multi-antigenic polylysine backbone
- Mouse lupus model
- NMDAR, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor
- NOR, novel object recognition
- NPSLE, neuropsychiatric lupus
- Neuropsychiatric lupus
- OPM, object place memory
- SELENA, safety of estrogens in lupus erythematosus national assessment
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- SLEDAI, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index
- SLICCDI, systemic lupus international collaborating clinics damage index
- dsDNA, double stranded DNA
- i.p, intraperitoneally
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Chang
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Bruce T Volpe
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Meggan Mackay
- Autoimmune & Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Cynthia Aranow
- Autoimmune & Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Philip Watson
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Czeslawa Kowal
- Autoimmune & Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Justin Storbeck
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Paul Mattis
- Susan and Leonard Feinstein Center for Neurosciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - RoseAnn Berlin
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Huiyi Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Simone Mader
- Autoimmune & Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Tomás S Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Patricio T Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; Autoimmune & Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Autoimmune & Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| |
Collapse
|