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Yang N, Leung ELH, Liu C, Li L, Eguether T, Jun Yao XJ, Jones EC, Norris DA, Liu A, Clark RA, Roop DR, Pazour GJ, Shroyer KR, Chen J. INTU is essential for oncogenic Hh signaling through regulating primary cilia formation in basal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:4997-5005. [PMID: 28459465 PMCID: PMC5578876 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inturned (INTU), a cilia and planar polarity effector (CPLANE), performs prominent ciliogenic functions during morphogenesis, such as in the skin. INTU is expressed in adult tissues but its role in tissue maintenance is unknown. Here, we report that the expression of the INTU gene is aberrantly elevated in human basal cell carcinoma (BCC), coinciding with increased primary cilia formation and activated hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Disrupting Intu in an oncogenic mutant Smo (SmoM2)-driven BCC mouse model prevented the formation of BCC through suppressing primary cilia formation and Hh signaling, suggesting that Intu performs a permissive role during BCC formation. INTU is essential for IFT-A complex assembly during ciliogenesis. To further determine whether Intu is directly involved in the activation of Hh signaling downstream of ciliogenesis, we examined the Hh signaling pathway in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which readily respond to Hh pathway activation. Depleting Intu blocked SAG-induced Hh pathway activation, whereas the expression of Gli2ΔN, a constitutively active Gli2, restored Hh pathway activation in Intu-deficient cells, suggesting that INTU functions upstream of Gli2 activation. In contrast, overexpressing Intu did not promote ciliogenesis or Hh signaling. Taken together, data obtained from this study suggest that INTU is indispensable during BCC tumorigenesis and that its aberrant upregulation is likely a prerequisite for primary cilia formation during Hh-dependent tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - E L-H Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - T Eguether
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - X-J Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - E C Jones
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - D A Norris
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Liu
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - R A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - D R Roop
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - G J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - K R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Correction of Hair Shaft Defects through Allele-Specific Silencing of Mutant Krt75. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:45-51. [PMID: 26763422 PMCID: PMC4764097 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dominant mutations in keratin genes can cause a number of inheritable skin disorders characterized by intraepidermal blistering, epidermal hyperkeratosis, or abnormalities in skin appendages, such as nail plate dystrophy and structural defects in hair. Allele-specific silencing of mutant keratins through RNA interference is a promising therapeutic approach for suppressing the expression of mutant keratins and related phenotypes in the epidermis. However, its effectiveness on skin appendages remains to be confirmed in vivo. In this study, we developed allele specific siRNAs capable of selectively suppressing the expression of a mutant Krt75, which causes hair shaft structural defects characterized by the development of blebs along the hair shaft in mice. Hair regenerated from epidermal keratinocyte progenitor cells isolated from mutant Krt75 mouse models reproduced the blebbing phenotype when grafted in vivo. In contrast, mutant cells manipulated with a lentiviral vector expressing mutant Krt75-specific shRNA persistently suppressed this phenotype. The phenotypic correction was associated with significant reduction of mutant Krt75 mRNA in the skin grafts. Thus, data obtained from this study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing RNA interference to achieve durable correction of hair structural phenotypes through allele-specific silencing of the mutant keratin genes.
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Tolar J, Wagner JE. Allogeneic blood and bone marrow cells for the treatment of severe epidermolysis bullosa: repair of the extracellular matrix. Lancet 2013; 382:1214-23. [PMID: 24095195 PMCID: PMC3959900 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to the prevailing professional opinion of the past few decades, recent experimental and clinical data support the fact that protein replacement therapy by allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation is not limited to freely diffusible molecules such as enzymes, but also large structural proteins such as collagens. A prime example is the cross-correction of type VII collagen deficiency in generalised severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in which blood and marrow transplantation can attenuate the mucocutaneous manifestations of the disease and improve patients' quality of life. Although allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation can improve the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes, today's accomplishments are only the first steps on the long pathway to cure. Future strategies will be built on the lessons learned from these first transplant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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