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Tsai IJ, Su ECY, Tsai IL, Lin CY. Clinical Assay for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer Using Mass Spectrometric Wheat Germ Agglutinin Multiple Reaction Monitoring. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092190. [PMID: 34063271 PMCID: PMC8124906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Early diagnosis of CRC is important for increasing the opportunity for treatment and receiving a good prognosis. The aim of our study was to develop a detection method that combined wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) chromatography with mass spectrometry (MS) for early detection of CRC. Further, machine learning algorithms and logistic regression were applied to combine multiple biomarkers we discovered. We validated in a population of 286 plasma samples the diagnostic performance of peptides corresponding to WGA-captured protein and its combination, which received a sensitivity of 84.5% and a specificity of 97.5% in the diagnoses of CRC. Proteomic biomarkers combined with algorithms can provide a powerful tool for discriminating patients with CRC and health controls (HCs). Measurements of WGA-captured PF4, ITIH4, and APOE with MS are then useful for early detection of CRC. Additionally, our study revealed the potential of applying lectin chromatography with MS for disease diagnosis. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved circulating tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and CA125 were used as prognostic biomarkers of CRC that attributed to low sensitivity in diagnosis of CRC. Therefore, our purpose is to develop a novel strategy for novel clinical biomarkers for early CRC diagnosis. We used mass spectrometry (MS) methods such as nanoLC-MS/MS, targeted LC-MS/MS, and stable isotope-labeled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS coupled to test machine learning algorithms and logistic regression to analyze plasma samples from patients with early-stage CRC, late-stage CRC, and healthy controls (HCs). On the basis of our methods, 356 peptides were identified, 6 differential expressed peptides were verified, and finally three peptides corresponding wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-captured proteins were semi-quantitated in 286 plasma samples (80 HCs and 206 CRCs). The novel peptide biomarkers combination of PF454–62, ITIH4429–438, and APOE198–207 achieved sensitivity 84.5%, specificity 97.5% and an AUC of 0.96 in CRC diagnosis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that WGA-captured plasma PF454–62, ITIH4429–438, and APOE198–207 levels in combination may serve as highly effective early diagnostic biomarkers for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jung Tsai
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Emily Chia-Yu Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3326)
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Martin-Rojas T, Sastre-Oliva T, Esclarín-Ruz A, Gil-Dones F, Mourino-Alvarez L, Corbacho-Alonso N, Moreno-Luna R, Hernandez-Fernandez G, Lopez JA, Oliviero A, Barderas MG. Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment and Rehabilitation in Incomplete Chronic Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Insight from Proteome Analysis. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040183. [PMID: 33096745 PMCID: PMC7720149 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite promising advances in the medical management of spinal cord injury (SCI), there is still no available effective therapy to repair the neurological damage in patients who experience this life-transforming condition. Recently, we performed a phase II/III placebo-controlled randomized trial of safety and efficacy of growth hormone (GH) treatment in incomplete chronic traumatic spinal cord injury. The main findings were that the combined treatment of GH plus rehabilitation treatment is feasible and safe, and that GH but not placebo slightly improves the SCI individual motor score. Moreover, we found that an intensive and long-lasting rehabilitation program per se increases the functional outcome of SCI individuals. To understand the possible mechanisms of the improvement due to GH treatment (motor score) and due to rehabilitation (functional outcome), we used a proteomic approach. Here, we used a multiple proteomic strategy to search for recovery biomarkers in blood plasma with the potential to predict response to somatropin treatment and to delayed intensive rehabilitation. Forty-six patients were recruited and followed for a minimum period of 1 year. Patients were classified into two groups based on their treatment: recombinant somatropin (0.4 mg) or placebo. Both groups received rehabilitation treatment. Our strategy allowed us to perform one of the deepest plasma proteomic analyses thus far, which revealed two proteomic signatures with predictive value: (i) response to recombinant somatropin treatment and (ii) response to rehabilitation. The proteins implicated in these signatures are related to homeostasis, inflammation, and coagulation functions. These findings open novel possibilities to assess and therapeutically manage patients with SCI, which could have a positive impact on their clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Martin-Rojas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
| | - Tamara Sastre-Oliva
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
| | - Ana Esclarín-Ruz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Felix Gil-Dones
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
- Department of Genetic, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
| | - Nerea Corbacho-Alonso
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
| | - Rafael Moreno-Luna
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - German Hernandez-Fernandez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
| | | | - Antonio Oliviero
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.G.B.); Fax: +34-925-247-745 (M.G.B.)
| | - María G. Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (T.M.-R.); (T.S.-O.); (F.G.-D.); (L.M.-A.); (N.C.-A.); (R.M.-L.); (G.H.-F.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.G.B.); Fax: +34-925-247-745 (M.G.B.)
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Chen YT, Chen HW, Wu CF, Chu LJ, Chiang WF, Wu CC, Yu JS, Tsai CH, Liang KH, Chang YS, Wu M, Ou Yang WT. Development of a Multiplexed Liquid Chromatography Multiple-Reaction-Monitoring Mass Spectrometry (LC-MRM/MS) Method for Evaluation of Salivary Proteins as Oral Cancer Biomarkers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:799-811. [PMID: 28235782 PMCID: PMC5417822 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.064758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple (selected) reaction monitoring (MRM/SRM) of peptides is a growing technology for target protein quantification because it is more robust, precise, accurate, high-throughput, and multiplex-capable than antibody-based techniques. The technique has been applied clinically to the large-scale quantification of multiple target proteins in different types of fluids. However, previous MRM-based studies have placed less focus on sample-preparation workflow and analytical performance in the precise quantification of proteins in saliva, a noninvasively sampled body fluid. In this study, we evaluated the analytical performance of a simple and robust multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted proteomics approach incorporating liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MRM/MS). This platform was used to quantitatively assess the biomarker potential of a group of 56 salivary proteins that have previously been associated with human cancers. To further enhance the development of this technology for assay of salivary samples, we optimized the workflow for salivary protein digestion and evaluated quantification performance, robustness and technical limitations in analyzing clinical samples. Using a clinically well-characterized cohort of two independent clinical sample sets (total n = 119), we quantitatively characterized these protein biomarker candidates in saliva specimens from controls and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. The results clearly showed a significant elevation of most targeted proteins in saliva samples from OSCC patients compared with controls. Overall, this platform was capable of assaying the most highly multiplexed panel of salivary protein biomarkers, highlighting the clinical utility of MRM in oral cancer biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ‖Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Chen
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Feng Wu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- **Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Chiang
- ‡‡Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
- §§School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶¶Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ‖‖Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- **Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- **Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ‖‖Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Maureen Wu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Ou Yang
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Baldan-Martin M, Mourino-Alvarez L, Gonzalez-Calero L, Moreno-Luna R, Sastre-Oliva T, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Segura J, Lopez JA, Vazquez J, Vivanco F, Alvarez-Llamas G, Ruilope LM, de la Cuesta F, Barderas MG. Plasma Molecular Signatures in Hypertensive Patients With Renin–Angiotensin System Suppression. Hypertension 2016; 68:157-66. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is a risk factor strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, the first cause of death in the general population. It is well established that renin–angiotensin system suppressors prevent the development of new-onset albuminuria in naïf hypertensive patients and diminish its excretion, but we cannot forget the percentage of hypertensive patients who develop de novo albuminuria. Here, we applied multiple proteomic strategy with the purpose to elucidate specific molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis and provide predictors and chronic organ damage indicators. Briefly, 1143 patients were followed up for a minimum period of 3 years. One hundred and twenty-nine hypertensive patients chronically renin–angiotensin system suppressed were recruited, classified in 3 different groups depending on their albuminuria levels (normoalbuminuria, de novo albuminuria, and sustained albuminuria), and investigated by multiple proteomic strategies. Our strategy allowed us to perform one of the deepest plasma proteomic analysis to date, which has shown 2 proteomic signatures: (1) with predictive value of de novo albuminuria and (2) sustained albuminuria indicator proteins. These proteins are involved in inflammation, immune as well as in the proteasome activation occurring in situations of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, these results open the possibility of a future strategy based on anti-immune therapy to treat hypertension which could help to prevent the development of albuminuria and, hence, the progression of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Baldan-Martin
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Calero
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Rafael Moreno-Luna
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Tamara Sastre-Oliva
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Julian Segura
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Jesus Vazquez
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Fernando Vivanco
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Gloria Alvarez-Llamas
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Luis M. Ruilope
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Fernando de la Cuesta
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
| | - Maria G. Barderas
- From the Departamento de Fisiopatologia Vascular, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain (M.B.-M., L.M.-A., R.M.-L., T.S.-O., F.d.l.C., M.G.B.); Departamento de Inmunologia, IIS-Fundacion JimenezDiaz, Madrid, Spain (L.G.-C., F.V., G.A.-L.); Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (G.R.-H., J.S., L.M.R.); Unidad de Proteomica CNIC, Madrid, Spain (J.A.L., J.V.); and Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia
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