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Badolati N, Masselli R, Maisto M, Di Minno A, Tenore GC, Stornaiuolo M, Novellino E. Genotoxicity Assessment of Three Nutraceuticals Containing Natural Antioxidants Extracted from Agri-Food Waste Biomasses. Foods 2020; 9:E1461. [PMID: 33066494 PMCID: PMC7602140 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapes and apples are the most cultivated fruits in the Mediterranean basin and their agricultural processing is responsible for the production of a large amount of bio-waste. The reuse of this food biomass would increase the volume of recyclable/renewable biomaterial and lower the environmental impact due to the increasing demand for these biological products. To this purpose, agri-food waste from grape and apple processing have become an important source of phytochemicals, and many pharmaceutical industries are using it as starting material to produce dietary supplements, functional foods, and food additives for human consumption. In virtue of the chemical diversity and complexity of agri-food biowaste, developers and producers of nutraceuticals are advised to assess the safety of their final nutraceutical products, in compliance with European Food Safety Authority regulation. Here, we use the Ames test to assess the mutagenicity of three nutraceuticals obtained from agri-food waste biomasses: Taurisolo® from grape pomace of Vitis vinifera L. cv 'Aglianico', AnnurComplex® from Malus pumila M. cv 'Annurca' and Limoncella Apple Extract from Malus domestica B. cv 'Limoncella'. The results showed that all three nutraceuticals were non-mutagenic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.B.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.M.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
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Díez-Quijada L, Prieto AI, Puerto M, Jos Á, Cameán AM. In Vitro Mutagenic and Genotoxic Assessment of a Mixture of the Cyanotoxins Microcystin-LR and Cylindrospermopsin. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E318. [PMID: 31167415 PMCID: PMC6628426 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-occurrence of various cyanobacterial toxins can potentially induce toxic effects different than those observed for single cyanotoxins, as interaction phenomena cannot be discarded. Moreover, mixtures are a more probable exposure scenario. However, toxicological information on the topic is still scarce. Taking into account the important role of mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the risk evaluation framework, the objective of this study was to assess the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of mixtures of two of the most relevant cyanotoxins, Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), using the battery of in vitro tests recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for food contaminants. Mixtures of 1:10 CYN/MC-LR (CYN concentration in the range 0.04-2.5 µg/mL) were used to perform the bacterial reverse-mutation assay (Ames test) in Salmonella typhimurium, the mammalian cell micronucleus (MN) test and the mouse lymphoma thymidine-kinase assay (MLA) on L5178YTk± cells, while Caco-2 cells were used for the standard and enzyme-modified comet assays. The exposure periods ranged between 4 and 72 h depending on the assay. The genotoxicity of the mixture was observed only in the MN test with S9 metabolic fraction, similar to the results previously reported for CYN individually. These results indicate that cyanobacterial mixtures require a specific (geno)toxicity evaluation as their effects cannot be extrapolated from those of the individual cyanotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Díez-Quijada
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Pathak MP, Policegoudra RS, Goyary D, Das A, Mandal S, Chakraborti S, Bora NS, Islam J, Patowary P, Raju PS, Chattopadhyay P. Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:147-154. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1322605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manash Pratim Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | | | - Danswrang Goyary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Santa Mandal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, India
| | - Srijita Chakraborti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Nilutpal Sharma Bora
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Johirul Islam
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
| | - P. Srinivas Raju
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
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Jia H, Zhang C, Glatt H, Liu Y. Role of exposure/recovery schedule in micronuclei induction by several promutagens in V79-derived cells expressing human CYP2E1 and SULT1A1. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 808:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Powroźnik B, Słoczyńska K, Canale V, Grychowska K, Zajdel P, Pękala E. Preliminary mutagenicity and genotoxicity evaluation of selected arylsulfonamide derivatives of (aryloxy)alkylamines with potential psychotropic properties. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:263-70. [PMID: 26440375 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the mutagenic and genotoxic liability of biologically active compounds is of great concern for preliminary toxicity testing and drug development. In this study, we focused on the evaluation of the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of selected arylsulfonamide derivatives of aryloxyethyl piperidines and pyrrolidines (1-8), classified as 5-HT7 receptor antagonist with antidepressant and procognitive properties, using in silico and in vitro methods: the Vibrio harveyi assay and the SOS/umu-test (umuC Easy CS test). Finally, the antimutagenic potential of tested compounds was evaluated with the V. harveyi assay. It was demonstrated that none of the examined compounds produced a positive response in in vitro assays and these results were in line with in silico prediction. Additionally, all the tested compounds demonstrated various antimutagenic potential, with compound 1 (5-chloro-N-((1-(2-phenoxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)methyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide) being the most active against NQNO-induced mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Powroźnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Vittorio Canale
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grychowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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Fei C, Zhang J, Lin Y, Wang X, Zhang K, Zhang L, Zheng W, Wang M, Li T, Xiao S, Xue F, Wang C. Safety evaluation of a triazine compound nitromezuril by assessing bacterial reverse mutation, sperm abnormalities, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:585-9. [PMID: 25645284 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitromezuril (NZL) is a novel triazine compound that exhibits remarkable anticoccidial activity. However, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of NZL have not been evaluated to date. This study evaluated the potential risks of NZL by testing for bacterial reverse mutation (Ames), mouse sperm abnormality (SA), bone marrow micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA). Mice were orally administered with NZL at 385, 192 and 96 mg/kg, corresponding to 0.5 ×, 0.25 × and 0.125 × the LD50 of NZL, respectively. No significant increases in SA and CA were found in mice treated with NZL for 5d and 3d, respectively (P>0.05). NZL at 96-385 mg/kg did not have significant influence on micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte counts (P>0.05). These results suggest that NZL is not genotoxic. However, Ames test results were positive both with and without the S9 system for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, suggesting that NZL may be mutagenic. The mutagenic effects of NZL were different in in vitro and in vivo assays. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the safety of using and developing NZL as a novel anticoccidial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhong Fei
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Chinese Medicine Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201200, PR China
| | - Yang Lin
- Institute of Veterinary Feed Control of Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wenli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Mi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Sui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
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