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Maeda J, Chailapakul P, Kato TA. ATM and ATR gene editing mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 in Chinese Hamster cells. Mutat Res 2024; 829:111871. [PMID: 39024734 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2024.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Chinese hamster-derived cell lines including Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) have been used as model somatic cell lines in radiation biology and toxicology research for decades and have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms. Whereas many mutant lines deficient in DDR genes have been generated more than over decades, several key DDR genes such as ATM and ATR have not been established in the Chinese hamster system. Here, we transfected CRISPR/Cas9 vectors targeting Chinese hamster ATM or ATR into V79 cells and investigated whether the isolated clones had the characteristics reported in human and mouse studies. We obtained two clones of ATM knockout cells containing an insertion or deletions in the targeted locus. The ATM knockouts with no detectable ATM protein expression exhibited increased sensitivity to radiation and DNA double strand break inducing agents, cell cycle checkpoint defects and defective chromatid break repair. These are all characteristics of defective ATM function. Among the obtained ATR cells, which contained mutations in both ATR alleles while maintaining normal levels of ATR protein expression, one clone exhibited hypersensitivity to UV and replication stress agents. In the present study, we successfully established CRISPR-Cas9 derived ATM knockout cells. We couldn't knock out the ATR gene but obtained ATR mutant cells. Our results showed that Chinese hamster origin ATM knockout cells and ATR mutant cells could be useful tools for further research to reveal oncogenic functions and effects of developing anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Maeda
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Piyawan Chailapakul
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Takamitsu A Kato
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Bini M, Rajesh B, Babu TD. Chronic exposure of industrial grade calcium carbide and ethylene glycol exert genotoxic effect in Wistar albino rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:617-623. [PMID: 34233444 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcium carbide (CaC2) and ethylene glycol (EG) are the two commonly used fruit ripening agents. The toxic effects of these chemicals on internal organs were reported in experimental animals. Even though the adverse effects of these compounds have been investigated for many years, there are no sufficient data available with regard to genotoxic effects. The present study evaluates the genotoxic effect of chronic exposures of CaC2 and EG in Wistar albino rats. METHODS CaC2 and EG were administered to the rats orally for 180 days. Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei formation were analysed in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. Comet assay was performed to analyse the DNA strand break. The toxic effects of the chemicals were analysed by MTT assay with normal human intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells. RESULTS Upon chronic exposure, CaC2 and EG caused chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei formation and DNA strand breaks extensively in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. In MTT assay, the chemicals were found to be toxic to IEC-6 cells with IC50 values at 160 and 200 μg/mL for CaC2 and EG, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results show that these chemicals have a potential to cause genomic level of toxicity which may lead to carcinogenic event at a chronic level exposure. The study warns to reinforce the administrative measures against the use of CaC2 and EG for fruit ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markose Bini
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Department of Anatomy, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, India
| | - Bhargavan Rajesh
- Department of Anatomy, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Turkez H, Yıldırım S, Sahin E, Arslan ME, Emsen B, Tozlu OO, Alak G, Ucar A, Tatar A, Hacimuftuoglu A, Keles MS, Geyikoglu F, Atamanalp M, Saruhan F, Mardinoglu A. Boron Compounds Exhibit Protective Effects against Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity and Genotoxicity: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080428. [PMID: 36006107 PMCID: PMC9413983 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic, neuropathological and biochemical investigations have revealed meaningful relationships between aluminum (Al) exposure and neurotoxic and hematotoxic damage. Hence, intensive efforts are being made to minimize the harmful effects of Al. Moreover, boron compounds are used in a broad mix of industries, from cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to agriculture. They affect critical biological functions in cellular events and enzymatic reactions, as well as endocrinal and mineral metabolisms. There are limited dose-related data about boric acid (BA) and other boron compounds, including colemanite (Col), ulexite (UX) and borax (BX), which have commercial prominence. In this study, we evaluate boron compounds’ genetic, cytological, biochemical and pathological effects against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced hematotoxicity and neurotoxicity on different cell and animal model systems. First, we perform genotoxicity studies on in vivo rat bone marrow cells and peripheric human blood cultures. To analyze DNA and chromosome damage, we use single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or comet assay) and micronucleus (MN) and chromosome aberration (CA) assays. The nuclear division index (NDI) is used to monitor cytostasis. Second, we examine the biochemical parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS)) to determine oxidative changes in blood and brain. Next, we assess the histopathological alterations by using light and electron microscopes. Our results show that Al increases oxidative stress and genetic damage in blood and brain in vivo and in vitro studies. Al also led to severe histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in the brain. However, the boron compounds alone did not cause adverse changes based on the above-studied parameters. Moreover, these compounds exhibit different levels of beneficial effects by removing the harmful impact of Al. The antioxidant, antigenotoxic and cytoprotective effects of boron compounds against Al-induced damage indicate that boron may have a high potential for use in medical purposes in humans. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that boron compounds (especially BA, BX and UX) can be administered to subjects to prevent neurodegenerative and hematological disorders at determined doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Elvan Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54050 Sakarya, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (O.O.T.)
| | - Bugrahan Emsen
- Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey;
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (O.O.T.)
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (G.A.); (A.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (G.A.); (A.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (A.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Mevlut Sait Keles
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Uskudar University, 34664 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (G.A.); (A.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Fatih Saruhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (A.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Correspondence:
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Kocaman AY, Asfuroğlu K. The genotoxic effects of perchloroethylene in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the possible ameliorative role of α-tocopherol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39576-39586. [PMID: 33763835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perchloroethylene (PCE), also known as tetrachloroethylene, is a commercially important chlorinated solvent commonly used in dry cleaning, textile processing, and metal degreasing industries. According to the available studies, the potential genotoxic impacts of this chlorinated solvent on human beings are still controversial. The present work was carried out to determine the genotoxic effects of PCE on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) tests. Additionally, the antigenotoxic potential of α-tocopherol (α-Toc), a well-known antioxidant agent, on human lymphocytes treated with PCE in vitro was assessed. The cells were exposed for 48 h to PCE (25, 50, 100, and 150 μg/mL) alone as well as in combination with α-Toc (100 μg/mL). The findings of the study suggested that, relative to solvent control, PCE significantly increased the structural CA and MN formation for all concentrations. However, simultaneous treatment of PCE and α-Toc caused a significant reduction of CAs and MNi as compared to cultures treated with PCE alone. Besides, the results showed that PCE has cytotoxic effects on human PBLs as indicated by the significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI). Nevertheless, the co-treatment of α-Toc with PCE did not reduce the cytotoxicity of PCE at a significant level. In conclusion, it can be suggested that PCE is genotoxic and cytotoxic in human PBLs, and α-Toc has an antigenotoxic effect on PCE-induced genotoxicity but has no significant effect on the cytotoxicity triggered by PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31000, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Kübra Asfuroğlu
- Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
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Hyun SW, Lee TG, Song SJ, Kim CS. Evaluation of oral toxicity and genotoxicity of Achyranthis Radix extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:113944. [PMID: 33711437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Achyranthis Radix (AR), is used as a traditional medicine ingredient in East Asia. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-diabetic activities. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the oral toxicity and genotoxicity of single-dose and 4-week repeated-doses of AR hot water extract (ARE), under the good laboratory practice principles. MATERIALS AND METHODS For oral toxicity studies, SD rats (n = 5 per sex and group) were administered ARE at concentrations of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day once (single dose) or once per day for 4 weeks (repeated dose). The non-clinical genotoxicity study consisted of bacterial reverse mutation using Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA) and Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537), in vitro chromosomal aberration test with Chinese hamster lung cells (CHL/IU), and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test using bone marrow cells collected from male ICR mice (n = 5) that were orally administered ARE. RESULTS In the single-dose oral toxicity study, mortality and treatment-related changes in body weight were not observed throughout the study, and the lethal dose was estimated to be > 2000 mg/kg in rats. In the 4-week repeated-dose oral toxicity study, ARE did not induce significant changes in body weight, organ weight, food intake, or hematological and serum biochemical parameters in any group. In the bacterial reverse mutation test, ARE did not induce gene mutations in any tested strain. In the chromosomal aberration test, ARE did not cause chromosomal aberrations. The micronucleus test showed no significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes or the mean ratio of polychromatic to total erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that ARE does not induce oral toxicity and genotoxicity in the in vivo and in vitro test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Wang Hyun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea; Practical Research Division, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo-si, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gu Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea; Safety Research Team, Crop Protection Research Institute, FarmHannong Co., Ltd, Nonsan-si, 33010, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Song
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science Technology, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Long H, Qiu X, Cao L, Liu G, Rao Z, Han R. Toxicological safety evaluation of the cultivated Chinese cordyceps. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113600. [PMID: 33220357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Chinese cordyceps, a parasitic Thitarodes insect-Ophiocordyceps sinensis fungus complex in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines and health food for ameliorating conditions associated with aging and for treating fatigue, night sweats, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, respiratory, renal and liver diseases, and hyposexuality. The natural Chinese cordyceps resource is rare due to its harsh growing environment, limited geographical distribution and global climate warming. Artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps has been successfully established to meet its high demand in market. AIMS OF THE STUDY The present study aims to evaluate the toxicological safety of the cultivated Chinese cordyceps and provide scientific data for subsequent development and utilization of this valuable biological resource. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Chinese cordyceps was cultivated by mimicking the habitat environment in low-altitude areas and identified by morphological and microscopic characteristics. Its phytochemical profile was determined by the HPLC. Toxicological studies based on the cultivated Chinese cordyceps were conducted, including chromosomal aberration test of Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, Ames test, acute toxicity test and micronucleus (MN) test of bone marrow cells. RESULTS The Chinese cordyceps successfully cultivated in low-altitude areas exhibited the same morphological and microscopic characteristics as natural Chinese cordyceps. The adenosine content was in accordance with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition). The HPLC fingerprint was determined and five main chromatographic peaks representing uracil, uridine, inosine, guanosine and adenosine were identified. No dose-dependent increase in the rates of chromosomal aberration was detected in the presence or absence of metabolic activation system. Ames test also demonstrated no dose-dependent increase in the number of reversion mutation for five bacterial strains, with or without rat liver microsomal enzyme mixture (S9) metabolic activation, at a quantity range of 128-5000 μg cultivated Chinese cordyceps per plate. The acute toxicity test with mice showed that after 20 g/kg oral administration of cultivated Chinese cordyceps, neither animal death nor any abnormal change in general dissection of various tissues and organs of the animals were found within 14 days. The median lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 5 g/kg, which is regarded as a non-toxic level, and maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of cultivated Chinese cordyceps in ICR mice was more than 20 g/kg. MN test of mouse bone marrow cells indicated no significant differences among each sample dose and the negative control. CONCLUSION Based on the results from four toxicological tests, it was concluded that the cultivated Chinese cordyceps was classified as non-toxic in one single administration at high doses by intragastric route in mice. This study provides scientific experimental basis for its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Long
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuehong Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guiqing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongchen Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Richou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
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Igl BW, Bitsch A, Bringezu F, Chang S, Dammann M, Frötschl R, Harm V, Kellner R, Krzykalla V, Lott J, Nern M, Pfuhler S, Queisser N, Schulz M, Sutter A, Vaas L, Vonk R, Zellner D, Ziemann C. The rat bone marrow micronucleus test: Statistical considerations on historical negative control data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 102:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jeong MH, Seong NW, Lee JY, Kim YJ, Shin NR, Kim JC. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 99:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ayabaktı S, Yavuz Kocaman A. Cytogenotoxic effects of venlafaxine hydrochloride on cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:192-199. [PMID: 30025480 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1486410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential genotoxic effect of venlafaxine hydrochloride (venlafaxine), an antidepressant drug-active ingredient, was investigated by using in vitro chromosome aberrations (CAs) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Mitotic index (MI) and cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) were also calculated to determine the cytotoxicity of this active drug. For this aim, the human PBLs were treated with 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml venlafaxine for 24 h and 48 h. The results of this study showed that venlafaxine significantly induced the formation of structural CA and MN for all concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) and treatment periods (24 h and 48 h) when compared with the negative and the solvent control (except 25 µg/ml at 48 h for MN). In addition, the increases in the percentage of structural CA and MN were concentration-dependent for both treatment times. With regard to cell cycle kinetics, venlafaxine significantly decreased the MI at all concentrations, and also CBPI at the higher concentrations for both treatment times as compared to the control groups. The present results indicate for the first time that venlafaxine had significant clastogenic and cytotoxic effects at the tested concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) in the human PBLs, in vitro; therefore, its excessive and careless use may pose a potential risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Ayabaktı
- Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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Tassano M, Oddone N, Fernández M, Porcal W, García MF, Martínez-López W, Benech JC, Cabral P. Evaluation of chromosomal aberrations induced by 188Re-dendrimer nanosystem on B16f1 melanoma cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:664-670. [PMID: 29775404 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1478161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the rhenium-188 labeling of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) generation 4 (G4) dendrimer and its evaluation on biodistribution and chromosomal aberrations in melanoma cells induced by ionizing radiation as potential treatment agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dendrimers were first conjugated with Suc-HYNIC (succinimidyl 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride). Dendrimer-HYNIC was then incubated with 188ReO4-. Biodistribution was performed administrating 188Re-dendrimer to normal (NM) or melanoma-bearing mice (MBM). Chromosome aberration test was conducted in order to measure treatment capacity of 188Re-dendrimer in melanoma cells. RESULTS Radiolabeling yield of dendrimer was approx. 70%. Biodistribution studies in NM showed blood clearance with hepatic and renal depuration. MBM showed a similar pattern of biodistribution with tumor uptake of 6% of injected dose. Aberrant metaphases quantified in control cells were 7%, increasing to 29.5% in cells treated with 15μCi (0.555 MBq) of 188Re-dendrimer for 24 h. CONCLUSIONS 188Re-dendrimer can produce double-stranded breaks in DNA induced by ionizing radiation in melanoma cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tassano
- a Area de Radiofarmacia, Facultad de Ciencias , Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Natalia Oddone
- b Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología , Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Fernández
- a Area de Radiofarmacia, Facultad de Ciencias , Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Williams Porcal
- d Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - María Fernanda García
- a Area de Radiofarmacia, Facultad de Ciencias , Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Wilner Martínez-López
- c Laboratorio de Epigenética e Inestabilidad Genómica , Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Juan Claudio Benech
- b Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Nanobiología , Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Pablo Cabral
- a Area de Radiofarmacia, Facultad de Ciencias , Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
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Bollu VS, Nethi SK, Dasari RK, Rao SSN, Misra S, Patra CR. Evaluation ofin vivocytogenetic toxicity of europium hydroxide nanorods (EHNs) in male and female Swiss albino mice. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:413-25. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1073398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Golbamaki N, Rasulev B, Cassano A, Marchese Robinson RL, Benfenati E, Leszczynski J, Cronin MTD. Genotoxicity of metal oxide nanomaterials: review of recent data and discussion of possible mechanisms. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2154-98. [PMID: 25580680 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06670g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has rapidly entered into human society, revolutionized many areas, including technology, medicine and cosmetics. This progress is due to the many valuable and unique properties that nanomaterials possess. In turn, these properties might become an issue of concern when considering potentially uncontrolled release to the environment. The rapid development of new nanomaterials thus raises questions about their impact on the environment and human health. This review focuses on the potential of nanomaterials to cause genotoxicity and summarizes recent genotoxicity studies on metal oxide/silica nanomaterials. Though the number of genotoxicity studies on metal oxide/silica nanomaterials is still limited, this endpoint has recently received more attention for nanomaterials, and the number of related publications has increased. An analysis of these peer reviewed publications over nearly two decades shows that the test most employed to evaluate the genotoxicity of these nanomaterials is the comet assay, followed by micronucleus, Ames and chromosome aberration tests. Based on the data studied, we concluded that in the majority of the publications analysed in this review, the metal oxide (or silica) nanoparticles of the same core chemical composition did not show different genotoxicity study calls (i.e. positive or negative) in the same test, although some results are inconsistent and need to be confirmed by additional experiments. Where the results are conflicting, it may be due to the following reasons: (1) variation in size of the nanoparticles; (2) variations in size distribution; (3) various purities of nanomaterials; (4) variation in surface areas for nanomaterials with the same average size; (5) differences in coatings; (6) differences in crystal structures of the same types of nanomaterials; (7) differences in size of aggregates in solution/media; (8) differences in assays; (9) different concentrations of nanomaterials in assay tests. Indeed, due to the observed inconsistencies in the recent literature and the lack of adherence to appropriate, standardized test methods, reliable genotoxicity assessment of nanomaterials is still challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Golbamaki
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology at the Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
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