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Wang S, Zhao K, Chen Z, Liu D, Tang S, Sun C, Chen H, Wang Y, Wu C. Halicin: A New Horizon in Antibacterial Therapy against Veterinary Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:492. [PMID: 38927159 PMCID: PMC11200678 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to discover novel antimicrobial drugs to combat resistance. This study investigated the antibacterial properties of halicin (SU3327), an AI-identified anti-diabetic drug, against 13 kinds of common clinical pathogens of animal origin, including multidrug-resistant strains. Employing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assessments, halicin demonstrated a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. Time-killing assays revealed its concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (E. coli ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus ATCC 29213), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae S6 (APP S6) after 4 h of treatment at concentrations above the MIC. Halicin exhibited longer post-antibiotic effects (PAEs) and sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs) for E. coli 25922, S. aureus 29213, and APP S6 compared to ceftiofur and ciprofloxacin, the commonly used veterinary antimicrobial agents, indicating sustained antibacterial action. Additionally, the results of consecutive passaging experiments over 40 d at sub-inhibitory concentrations showed that bacteria exhibited difficulty in developing resistance to halicin. Toxicology studies confirmed that halicin exhibited low acute toxicity, being non-mutagenic, non-reproductive-toxic, and non-genotoxic. Blood biochemical results suggested that halicin has no significant impact on hematological parameters, liver function, and kidney function. Furthermore, halicin effectively treated respiratory A. pleuropneumoniae infections in murine models. These results underscore the potential of halicin as a new antibacterial agent with applications against clinically relevant pathogens in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuge Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Ke Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Ziqi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Dejun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Shusheng Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Chengtao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Hongliang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
- Xiamen Vangenes Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Congming Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (S.W.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.L.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
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Hwang JH. Toxicity Assessment of a No-Pain Pharmacopuncture Extract Using a Standard Battery of In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Tests. J Pharmacopuncture 2024; 27:38-46. [PMID: 38560339 PMCID: PMC10978439 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2024.27.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Genotoxicity is evaluated through a chromosomal aberration test using cultured mammalian cells to determine the toxicity of no-pain pharmacopuncture (NPP), which has recently been used to treat musculoskeletal pain disorders in Korean medical clinical practice. Methods An initial test was performed to determine the dosage range of the NPP, followed by the main test. In this study, NPP doses of 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5%, and negative and positive controls were tested. An in vitro chromosome aberration test was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells under short-term treatment with or without metabolic activation and under continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Results Compared with the saline negative control group, NPP did not significantly increase the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster lung cells, regardless of the presence or absence of metabolic activation. Additionally, the number of cells with structural chromosomal abnormalities was significantly higher in the positive control group than that in the negative control group that received saline. Conclusion Based on the above results, the chromosomal abnormality-producing effect of NPP was determined to be negative under these test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Hwang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Evaluation of Genotoxic Effect and Antigenotoxic Potential against DNA Damage of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Annona muricata Using an In Vivo Erythrocyte Rodent Micronucleus Assay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9554011. [PMID: 36567911 PMCID: PMC9788883 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9554011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Annona muricata have been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat multiple diseases, including cancers. This study evaluated the genotoxic potential and antigenotoxic activities of A. muricata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts by employing an in vivo erythrocyte rodent micronucleus assay. Different doses (187.5, 375, and 750 mg/kg) of both extracts were administered orally for 5 days alone and combined with cyclophosphamide (CP, 60 mg/kg) to BALB/c mice. Also, it was administered orally to Wistar rats for 5 days through the final stage of gestation. No genotoxic or cytotoxic effects were observed in the two adult rodent models when A. muricata was administered orally nor in newborn rats transplacentally exposed to the extracts. Moreover, A. muricata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts demonstrated a protective effect against CP-induced DNA damage. Due to its lack of genotoxic effect and its capacity to decrease DNA damage, A. muricata is likely to open an interest field regarding its potential safe use in clinical applications.
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Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of a Dioscorea Rhizome water extract. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:385-393. [PMID: 34295802 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea Rhizome is commonly used in traditional herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes, hyperthyroidism, liver damage, neuropathy, and asthma. Here, we investigated the genotoxicity potential of D. Rhizome water extract (DRWE) using three standard battery systems in accordance with the test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as well as the principles of Good Laboratory Practice. A bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) was performed using the direct plate incorporation method in the presence or absence of a metabolic activation system (S9 mixture). The tester strains used included four histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA1537, along with a tryptophan auxotrophic strain of Escherichia coli, WP2 uvrA. An in vitro chromosome aberration test was performed using CHL/IU cells originally derived from the lung of a female Chinese hamster in the presence or absence of the S9 mixture. An in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test was performed using male ICR mice. The micronucleus was confirmed after observation of the micro-nucleated polychromatic. The Ames test showed that DRWE did not induce gene mutations at any dose level in any of the tested strains. Additionally, DRWE did not result in any chromosomal aberrations specified in the in vitro chromosomal aberration and in vivo micronucleus tests. These results showed that DRWE exhibited neither mutagenic nor clastogenic potential in either the in vitro or in vivo test systems.
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Chen Y, Huo J, Liu Y, Zeng Z, Zhu X, Chen X, Wu R, Zhang L, Chen J. Development of a novel flow cytometry-based approach for reticulocytes micronucleus test in rat peripheral blood. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:595-606. [PMID: 33067908 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The micronucleus test (MNT) is the most widely applied short-term assay to detect clastogens or spindle disruptors. The use of flow cytometry (FCM) has been reported for micronucleated erythrocytes scoring in peripheral blood. The aim of this study was to develop a novel and practical protocol for MNT in rat peripheral blood by FCM, with the method validation. CD71-fluorescein isothiocyanate and DRAQ5 were adopted for the fluorescent staining of proteins and DNA, respectively, to detect micronuclei. To validate the method, groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (five per group) received two oral gavage doses at 0 and 24 h of six chemicals (four positive mutagens: ethyl methanesulphonate [EMS], cyclophosphamide [CP], colchicine [COL], and ethyl nitrosourea [ENU]; two nongenotoxic chemicals: sodium saccharin and eugenol). Blood samples were collected from the tail vein before and on the five continuous days after treatments; all of which were analyzed for micronuclei presence by both the manual (Giemsa staining) and FCM methods. The FCM-based method consistently demonstrated highly sensitive responses for micronucleus detection at all concentrations and all time points for EMS, CP, COL, and ENU. Sodium saccharin and eugenol could be identified as negative in this protocol. Results obtained with the FCM-based method correlated well with the micronucleus frequencies (r = 0.659-0.952), and the proportion of immature erythrocytes (r = 0.915-0.981) tested by Giemsa staining. The method reported here, with easy operation, low background, and requirement for a regular FCM, could be an efficient system for micronucleus scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Huo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Graduate Department, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuxi Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen R, Zhou C, Cao Y, Xi J, Ohira T, He L, Huang P, You X, Liu W, Zhang X, Ma S, Xie T, Chang Y, Luan Y. Assessment of Pig-a, Micronucleus, and Comet Assay Endpoints in Tg.RasH2 Mice Carcinogenicity Study of Aristolochic Acid I. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:266-275. [PMID: 31443125 DOI: 10.1002/em.22325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A newly developed in vivo Pig-a gene mutation assay displays great potential for integration into genotoxicity tests. To obtain more evidence for application of the Pig-a assay, we integrated this assay, micronucleus test in peripheral blood (MN-pb test) and bone marrow (MN-bm test), as well as a Comet assay into a transgenic RasH2 mice carcinogenicity study. Fourteen male RasH2 mice and five wild-type (WT) mice were treated with a strong mutagen aristolochic acid I at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 4 consecutive weeks. Mice recovered in 5 weeks. Peripheral bloods were collected for Pig-a assay, MN-pb test, and Comet assay at several time points, while bone marrow and target organs were harvested for the MN-bm test and pathological diagnosis after mice were euthanized. Finally, 13 of the 14 RasH2 mice developed squamous cell carcinomas in the forestomach, while there were no carcinomas in the WT mice. Pig-a mutant frequencies (MFs) consecutively increased throughout the study to a maximum value of approximately 63-fold more than background. These frequencies were relative to the incidence, size, and malignant degree of tumors. Micronucleated reticulocytes increased from Day 1 to Day 49, before returning to background levels. No positive responses were observed in either the MN-bm test or the Comet assay. Results suggested that, when compared with the other two tests, the Pig-a assay persistently contributed to sustaining MFs, enhanced detection sensitivity due to the accumulation of Pig-a mutations, and demonstrated better predictability for tumorigenicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:266-275, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Chen
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhui Zhou
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Cao
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory on Herbal Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xi
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory on Herbal Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Toko Ohira
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang He
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue You
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiying Liu
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory on Herbal Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Joint Laboratory on Herbal Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Tianpei Xie
- Joint Laboratory on Herbal Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Standard Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chang
- Shanghai InnoStar Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Luan
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory on Herbal Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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De Sousa JA, Prado LDS, Alderete BL, Boaretto FBM, Allgayer MC, Miguel FM, De Sousa JT, Marroni NP, Lemes MLB, Corrêa DS, Ferraz ADBF, Picada JN. Toxicological aspects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg. associated with its phytochemical profile. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:62-74. [PMID: 30741125 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1562392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Campomanesia xanthocarpa leaves are used as tea to treat diarrhea, inflammation, and hypercholesterolemia. Some pharmacological studies noted its beneficial uses of C. xanthocarpa; however, few investigations examined the toxicological profile of this plant. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, genotoxic, and mutagenic potential of an aqueous extract of C. xanthocarpa leaves (CxAE), and potential protective effects against oxidative damage. Phytochemical constituents were determined using HPLC, and antioxidant effect in vitro was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay. Genotoxic effects and chromosomic mutations were assessed using comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test in Wistar rats treated with CxAE at 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured in several tissues. CxAE induced mutations in TA98, TA97a, and TA102 strains. However, in the presence of metabolic activation, data were negative for all strains tested. Lack of mutagenicity was also observed in the MN test. This extract did not induce DNA damage, except when the highest concentration was used. DNA oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decreased in blood after treatment with CxAE. Lipid peroxidation levels were reduced while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in kidneys. The inhibitory concentration of CxAE required to lower DPPH levels to 50% was 38.47 ± 2.06 μg/ml. In conclusion, frameshift and oxidative mutations were observed only in the absence of metabolic activation which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids such as quercetin. It is of interest that CxAE also showed protective effects against DNA oxidative damage associated with presence of ellagic acid, a phenolic acid with antioxidant activities. CxAE did not induce in vivo mutagenicity, suggesting that this extract poses a low toxic hazard over the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joubert Aires De Sousa
- a Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Lismare da Silva Prado
- a Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Bárbara Lopes Alderete
- a Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Mariangela C Allgayer
- b Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Hospital , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Fabiano Moraes Miguel
- c Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Jayne Torres De Sousa
- c Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- c Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Brodt Lemes
- d Laboratory of Pharmacognosis and Phytochemistry , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- e Center for Research in Product and Development (CEPPED) , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
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Chandrasekhar C, Rajpurohit H, Javaji K, Kuncha M, Setti A, Ali AZ, Tiwari AK, Misra S, Kumar CG. Anti-hyperglycemic and genotoxic studies of 1- O-methyl chrysophanol, a new anthraquinone isolated from Amycolatopsis thermoflava strain SFMA-103. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:148-160. [PMID: 30614298 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1551406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The compound 1-O-methyl chrysophanol (OMC) which belongs to a class of hydroxyanthraquinones was isolated from Amycolatopsis thermoflava strain SFMA-103 and studied for their anti-diabetic properties. OMC was evaluated as an anti-diabetic agent based on in silico studies which initially predicted the binding energy with α-amylase (-188.81 KJ mol-1) and with α-glucosidase (70.53 KJ mol-1). Further, these results were validated based on enzyme inhibition assays where OMC demonstrated enzyme inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (IC50 3.4 mg mL-1) and α-glucosidase (IC50 38.49 μg mL-1). To confirm the anti-diabetic activity, in vivo studies (oral dose in Wistar rats) revealed that OMC inhibited significantly the increase in glucose concentration at 100 mg/kg as compared to starch control (p < 0.05). Further, to understand the safety of OMC as a therapeutic agent, the genotoxic analysis was performed in both in vitro Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (250, 500, and 1000 µM/mL) and in vivo Swiss albino mice (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). In vitro results showed that OMC concentration of up to 250 µM/mL did not elicit significant changes in CAs, MI, and MN counts in CHO cells. Similarly, in mice experiments (i.p. injection), no significant changes in CAs, MI, and MN induction were observed till 500 mg/kg of OMC when compared with chrysophanic acid (Cy) (200 mg/kg). In addition, mice that received the lowest dose of OMC (250 mg/kg) did not show any histological changes in liver, kidney, and heart. The study concluded that five times higher therapeutic dose (100 mg/kg) of OMC can be utilized against hyperglycemia with no genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheemalamarri Chandrasekhar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hemshikha Rajpurohit
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalpana Javaji
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aravind Setti
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Zehra Ali
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashok K Tiwari
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - C Ganesh Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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Diab KA, Fahmy MA, Hassan ZM, Hassan EM, Salama AB, Omara EA. Genotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and the protective role of essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. in mice using chromosomal aberration, micronuclei formation, and comet assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1621-1636. [PMID: 29098592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present work was conducted to evaluate the genotoxic effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mouse bone marrow and male germ cells. The safety and the modulating activity of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oil (SEO) against the possible genotoxic effect of CCl4 were also evaluated. A combination of in vivo mutagenic endpoints was included: micronucleus (MN), apoptosis using dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, comet assay, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and sperm abnormalities. Histological examination of testis tissues was also studied. The extracted SEO was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identifying its chemical constituents. Safety/genotoxicity of SEO was determined after two consecutive weeks (5 days/week) from oral treatment with different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mL/kg). For assessing genotoxicity of CCl4, both acute (once) and subacute i.p. treatment for 2 weeks (3 days/week) with the concentrations 1.2 mL/kg (for acute) and 0.8 mL/kg (for subacute) were performed. For evaluating the protective role of SEO, simultaneous treatment with SEO plus CCl4 was examined. In sperm abnormalities, mice were treated with the subject materials for five successive days and the samples were collected after 35 days from the beginning of treatment. Based on GC-MS findings, 22 components were identified in the chromatogram of SEO. The results demonstrated that the three concentrations of SEO were safe and non-genotoxic in all the tested endpoints. Negative results were also observed in bone marrow after acute and subacute treatment with CCl4. In contrast, CCl4 induced testicular DNA damage as evidenced by a significant increase of CAs in primary spermatocytes, sperm abnormalities, and histological distortion of testis. A remarkable reduction in these cells was observed in groups treated with SEO plus CCl4 especially with the two higher concentrations of SEO. In conclusion, SEO is safe and non-genotoxic under the tested conditions and can modulate genetic damage and histological alteration induced by CCl4 in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar Ae Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Fahmy
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M Hassan
- Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad M Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel B Salama
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth st, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Pathak MP, Policegoudra RS, Goyary D, Das A, Mandal S, Chakraborti S, Bora NS, Islam J, Patowary P, Raju PS, Chattopadhyay P. Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:147-154. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1322605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manash Pratim Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | | | - Danswrang Goyary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Santa Mandal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, India
| | - Srijita Chakraborti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Nilutpal Sharma Bora
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Johirul Islam
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
| | - P. Srinivas Raju
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
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Germano PDM, Marcus VICOB, Md TI, Lidiane DSAUJ, D eacute bora CASVG, Rodrigo MDC, Dione C, M aacute rcia FCJP, Paulo MPF, Ana ECMC, Jaqueline NP, Alexandre F, Ivana G. Toxicogenetic profile of rats treated with aqueous extract from Morinda citrifolia fruits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2015.6017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Fei C, Zhang J, Lin Y, Wang X, Zhang K, Zhang L, Zheng W, Wang M, Li T, Xiao S, Xue F, Wang C. Safety evaluation of a triazine compound nitromezuril by assessing bacterial reverse mutation, sperm abnormalities, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:585-9. [PMID: 25645284 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitromezuril (NZL) is a novel triazine compound that exhibits remarkable anticoccidial activity. However, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of NZL have not been evaluated to date. This study evaluated the potential risks of NZL by testing for bacterial reverse mutation (Ames), mouse sperm abnormality (SA), bone marrow micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA). Mice were orally administered with NZL at 385, 192 and 96 mg/kg, corresponding to 0.5 ×, 0.25 × and 0.125 × the LD50 of NZL, respectively. No significant increases in SA and CA were found in mice treated with NZL for 5d and 3d, respectively (P>0.05). NZL at 96-385 mg/kg did not have significant influence on micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte counts (P>0.05). These results suggest that NZL is not genotoxic. However, Ames test results were positive both with and without the S9 system for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, suggesting that NZL may be mutagenic. The mutagenic effects of NZL were different in in vitro and in vivo assays. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the safety of using and developing NZL as a novel anticoccidial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhong Fei
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Chinese Medicine Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201200, PR China
| | - Yang Lin
- Institute of Veterinary Feed Control of Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wenli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Mi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Sui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
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