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Adhikari P, Li G, Go M, Mandikian D, Rafidi H, Ng C, Anifa S, Johnson K, Bao L, Hernandez Barry H, Rowntree R, Agard N, Wu C, Chou KJ, Zhang D, Kozak KR, Pillow TH, Lewis GD, Yu SF, Boswell CA, Sadowsky JD. On Demand Bioorthogonal Switching of an Antibody-Conjugated SPECT Probe to a Cytotoxic Payload: from Imaging to Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19088-19100. [PMID: 38946086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of cancer aim to achieve selective delivery of a cytotoxic payload to tumor cells while sparing normal tissue. In vivo, multiple tumor-dependent and -independent processes act on ADCs and their released payloads to impact tumor-versus-normal delivery, often resulting in a poor therapeutic window. An ADC with a labeled payload would make synchronous correlations between distribution and tissue-specific pharmacological effects possible, empowering preclinical and clinical efforts to improve tumor-selective delivery; however, few methods to label small molecules without destroying their pharmacological activity exist. Herein, we present a bioorthogonal switch approach that allows a radiolabel attached to an ADC payload to be removed tracelessly at will. We exemplify this approach with a potent DNA-damaging agent, the pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, delivered as an antibody conjugate targeted to lung tumor cells. The radiometal chelating group, DOTA, was attached via a novel trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-caged self-immolative para-aminobenzyl (PAB) linker to the PBD, stably attenuating payload activity and allowing tracking of biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice via SPECT-CT imaging (live) or gamma counting (post-mortem). Following TCO-PAB-DOTA reaction with tetrazines optimized for extra- and intracellular reactivity, the label was removed to reveal the unmodified PBD dimer capable of inducing potent tumor cell killing in vitro and in mouse xenografts. The switchable antibody radio-drug conjugate (ArDC) we describe integrates, but decouples, the two functions of a theranostic given that it can serve as a diagnostic for payload delivery in the labeled state, but can be switched on demand to a therapeutic agent (an ADC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Adhikari
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Hanine Rafidi
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sagana Anifa
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Johnson
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Linda Bao
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Rowntree
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas Agard
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cong Wu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kang-Jye Chou
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gail D Lewis
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack D Sadowsky
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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2
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Nano-bio interactions: A major principle in the dynamic biological processes of nano-assemblies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114318. [PMID: 35533787 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Controllable nano-assembly with stimuli-responsive groups is emerging as a powerful strategy to generate theranostic nanosystems that meet unique requirements in modern medicine. However, this prospective field is still in a proof-of-concept stage due to the gaps in our understanding of complex-(nano-assemblies)-complex-(biosystems) interactions. Indeed, stimuli-responsive assembly-disassembly is, in and of itself, a process of nano-bio interactions, the key steps for biological fate and functional activity of nano-assemblies. To provide a comprehensive understanding of these interactions in this review, we first propose a 4W1H principle (Where, When, What, Which and How) to delineate the relevant dynamic biological processes, behaviour and fate of nano-assemblies. We further summarize several key parameters that govern effective nano-bio interactions. The effects of these kinetic parameters on ADMET processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and transformation) are then discussed. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the challenges facing the evaluation of nano-bio interactions of assembled nanodrugs. We finally conclude with future perspectives on safe-by-design and application-driven-design of nano-assemblies. This review will highlight the dynamic biological and physicochemical parameters of nano-bio interactions and bridge discrete concepts to build a full spectrum understanding of the biological outcomes of nano-assemblies. These principles are expected to pave the way for future development and clinical translation of precise, safe and effective nanomedicines with intelligent theranostic features.
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3
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Ceci C, Lacal PM, Graziani G. Antibody-drug conjugates: Resurgent anticancer agents with multi-targeted therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108106. [PMID: 34990642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) constitute a relatively new group of anticancer agents, whose first appearance took place about two decades ago, but a renewed interest occurred in recent years, following the success of anti-cancer immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies. Indeed, an ADC combines the selectivity of a monoclonal antibody with the cell killing properties of a chemotherapeutic agent (payload), joined together through an appropriate linker. The antibody moiety targets a specific cell surface antigen expressed by tumor cells and/or cells of the tumor microenvironment and acts as a carrier that delivers the cytotoxic payload within the tumor mass. Despite advantages in terms of selectivity and potency, the development of ADCs is not devoid of challenges, due to: i) low tumor selectivity when the target antigens are not exclusively expressed by cancer cells; ii) premature release of the cytotoxic drug into the bloodstream as a consequence of linker instability; iii) development of tumor resistance mechanisms to the payload. All these factors may result in lack of efficacy and/or in no safety improvement compared to unconjugated cytotoxic agents. Nevertheless, the development of antibodies engineered to remain inert until activated in the tumor (e.g., antibodies activated proteolytically after internalization or by the acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment) together with the discovery of innovative targets and cytotoxic or immunomodulatory payloads, have allowed the design of next-generation ADCs that are expected to possess improved therapeutic properties. This review provides an overview of approved ADCs, with related advantages and limitations, and of novel targets exploited by ADCs that are presently under clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy.
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4
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Hayat SMG, Sahebkar A. Antibody-drug conjugates: smart weapons against cancer. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1257-1262. [PMID: 32864020 PMCID: PMC7444717 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Sikder S, Gote V, Alshamrani M, Sicotte J, Pal D. Long-term delivery of protein and peptide therapeutics for cancer therapies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1113-1131. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1662785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sikder
- Division of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Vrinda Gote
- Division of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Division of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Jeff Sicotte
- Division of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Dhananjay Pal
- Division of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas, MO, USA
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6
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling, Preclinical Characterization, Clinical Studies, and Lessons Learned. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 57:687-703. [PMID: 29188435 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are an emerging class of biopharmaceuticals changing the landscape of targeted chemotherapy. These conjugates combine the target specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the anti-cancer activity of small-molecule therapeutics. Several antibody-drug conjugates have received approval for the treatment of various types of cancer including gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®), trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®), and inotuzumab ozogamicin, which recently received approval (Besponsa®). In addition to these approved therapies, there are many antibody-drug conjugates in the drug development pipeline and in clinical trials, although these fall outside the scope of this article. Understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibody-drug conjugates and the development of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models is indispensable, albeit challenging as there are many parameters to incorporate including the disposition of the intact antibody-drug conjugate complex, the antibody, and the drug agents following their dissociation in the body. In this review, we discuss how antibody-drug conjugates progressed over time, the challenges in their development, and how our understanding of their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics led to greater strides towards successful targeted therapy programs.
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7
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Bumbaca B, Li Z, Shah DK. Pharmacokinetics of protein and peptide conjugates. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:42-54. [PMID: 30573392 PMCID: PMC6378135 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein and peptide conjugates have become an important component of therapeutic and diagnostic medicine. These conjugates are primarily designed to improve pharmacokinetics (PK) of those therapeutic or imaging agents, which do not possess optimal disposition characteristics. In this review we have summarized preclinical and clinical PK of diverse protein and peptide conjugates, and have showcased how different conjugation approaches are used to obtain the desired PK. We have classified the conjugates into peptide conjugates, non-targeted protein conjugates, and targeted protein conjugates, and have highlighted diagnostic and therapeutic applications of these conjugates. In general, peptide conjugates demonstrate very short half-life and rapid renal elimination, and they are mainly designed to achieve high contrast ratio for imaging agents or to deliver therapeutic agents at sites not reachable by bulky or non-targeted proteins. Conjugates made from non-targeted proteins like albumin are designed to increase the half-life of rapidly eliminating therapeutic or imaging agents, and improve their delivery to tissues like solid tumors and inflamed joints. Targeted protein conjugates are mainly developed from antibodies, antibody derivatives, or endogenous proteins, and they are designed to improve the contrast ratio of imaging agents or therapeutic index of therapeutic agents, by enhancing their delivery to the site-of-action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Bumbaca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
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8
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High throughput screening against pantothenate synthetase identifies amide inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. In Silico Pharmacol 2018; 6:9. [PMID: 30607322 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-018-0046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Pantothenate is a crucial enzyme for the synthesis of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. It is indispensable for the growth and survival of these bacteria. Amides analogs are designed and have been used as inhibitors of pantothenate synthetase. Molecular docking approach has been used to design and predict the drug activity of molecule to the specific disease. In this work, more than hundred amides have been screened by Discovery Studio molecular docking programme to search best suitable molecule for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pharmacophore generation has been done to recognize the binding modes of inhibitors in the receptor active site. To observe the stability and flexibility of inhibitors molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been done; Lipinski's rule of five protocols is followed to screen drug likeness and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) filtration is also used to value toxicity. DFT computation of optimized geometry and derivation of MOs has been used to correlate the drug likeness. The small difference in energy between HOMO and LUMO may help to activate the drug in the protein environment quickly. 2-Hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-{4-[(prop-2-enamido)sulfonyl]phenyl}diazen-1-yl]benzoic acid (M1) shows best theoretical efficiency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) pantothenate synthetase and so does 2-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-{4-[(2-phenylacetamido)sulfonyl]phenyl}diazen-1-yl]benzoic acid (M2) against Staphylococcus aureus pantothenate synthetase. These compounds also bind to Adenine-Thymine region of tuberculosis DNA. Graphical abstract
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9
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Wang H, Wang W, Xu Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Quan H, Lou L. Aberrant intracellular metabolism of T-DM1 confers T-DM1 resistance in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1458-1468. [PMID: 28388007 PMCID: PMC5497802 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted mAb trastuzumab linked to antimicrotubule agent mertansine (DM1), has been approved for the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Acquired resistance has been a major obstacle to T-DM1 treatment, and mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we established a T-DM1-resistant N87-KR cell line from HER2-positive N87 gastric cancer cells to investigate mechanisms of acquired resistance and develop strategies for overcoming it. Although the kinetics of binding, internalization, and externalization of T-DM1 were the same in N87-KR cells and N87 cells, N87-KR was strongly resistant to T-DM1, but remained sensitive to both trastuzumab and DM1. T-DM1 failed to inhibit microtubule polymerization in N87-KR cells. Consistently, lysine-MCC-DM1, the active T-DM1 metabolite that inhibits microtubule polymerization, accumulated much less in N87-KR cells than in N87 cells. Furthermore, lysosome acidification, achieved by vacuolar H+ -ATPase (V-ATPase), was much diminished in N87-KR cells. Notably, treatment of sensitive N87 cells with the V-ATPase selective inhibitor bafilomycin A1 induced T-DM1 resistance, suggesting that aberrant V-ATPase activity decreases T-DM1 metabolism, leading to T-DM1 resistance in N87-KR cells. Interestingly, HER2-targeted ADCs containing a protease-cleavable linker, such as hertuzumab-vc-monomethyl auristatin E, were capable of efficiently overcoming this resistance. Our results show for the first time that a decrease in T-DM1 metabolites induced by aberrant V-ATPase activity contributes to T-DM1 resistance, which could be overcome by HER2-targeted ADCs containing different linkers, including a protease-cleavable linker. Accordingly, we propose that V-ATPase activity in lysosomes is a novel biomarker for predicting T-DM1 resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/metabolism
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Maytansine/analogs & derivatives
- Maytansine/metabolism
- Maytansine/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Trastuzumab
- Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yongping Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Haitian Quan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Liguang Lou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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10
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Prashad AS, Nolting B, Patel V, Xu A, Arve B, Letendre L. From R&D to Clinical Supplies. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amar S. Prashad
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer, Inc., Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Birte Nolting
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer, Inc., Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Vimalkumar Patel
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer, Inc., Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - April Xu
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer, Inc., Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Bo Arve
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer, Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Leo Letendre
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer, Inc., Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
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11
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Calculated conjugated payload from immunoassay and LC–MS intact protein analysis measurements of antibody-drug conjugate. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2205-2217. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Complex nature of bioconjugates require multiple bioanalytical approaches to support PK and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion characterization. For antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) bioanalysis both LC–MS and ligand-binding assays (LBAs) are employed. Results: A method consisting of immunocapture extraction of ADC from biomatrices followed by LC–MS analysis of light and heavy chain is described. Drug antibody ratio (DAR) profiles of ADC Tras-mcVC-PF06380101 dosed at 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg in Sprague Dawley rats were obtained. Combined with total antibody (monoclonal antibody) measurement by LBA, conjugated payload concentration was calculated. Conclusion: PK profiles from LBA, ADC and calculated conjugated payload (DAR × monoclonal antibody) were in good agreement. We present a new tool for PK assessment of ADCs while also exploring ADC metabolism and DAR sensitivity of LBA ADC assay.
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12
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Sukumaran S, Zhang C, Leipold DD, Saad OM, Xu K, Gadkar K, Samineni D, Wang B, Milojic-Blair M, Carrasco-Triguero M, Rubinfeld B, Fielder P, Lin K, Ramanujan S. Development and Translational Application of an Integrated, Mechanistic Model of Antibody-Drug Conjugate Pharmacokinetics. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 19:130-140. [PMID: 27679517 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADC), in which small molecule cytotoxic agents are non-specifically linked to antibodies, can enable targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics to tumor cells. ADCs are often produced and administered as a mixture of conjugated antibodies with different drug to antibody ratios (DAR) resulting in complex and heterogeneous disposition kinetics. We developed a mechanism-based platform model that can describe and predict the complex pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of ADCs with protease-cleavable valine-citrulline (VC) linker linked to Monomethylmonomethyl auristatin F/E by incorporating known mechanisms of ADC disposition. The model includes explicit representation of all DAR species; DAR-dependent sequential deconjugation of the drug, resulting in the conversion of higher DAR to lower DAR species; and DAR-dependent antibody/ADC clearance. PK profiles of multiple analytes (total antibody, drug-conjugated antibody, and/or antibody-conjugated drug) for different ADC molecules and targets in rodents and cynomolgus monkeys were used for model development. The integrated cross-species model was successful in capturing the multi-analyte PK profiles after administration of purified ADCs with defined DAR species and ADCs with mixtures of DAR. Human PK predictions for DSTP3086S (anti-STEAP1-vc-MMAE) with the platform model agreed well with PK (total antibody and antibody-conjugated drug concentrations) measurements in the dose-ranging phase I clinical study. The integrated model is applicable to various other ADCs with different formats, conjugated drugs, and linkers, and provides a valuable tool for the exploration of mechanisms governing disposition of ADCs and enables translational predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Sukumaran
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Crystal Zhang
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Douglas D Leipold
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Ola M Saad
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Kapil Gadkar
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Divya Samineni
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Bei Wang
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Marija Milojic-Blair
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | | | - Bonnee Rubinfeld
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Paul Fielder
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Kedan Lin
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Saroja Ramanujan
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
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13
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Li F, Emmerton KK, Jonas M, Zhang X, Miyamoto JB, Setter JR, Nicholas ND, Okeley NM, Lyon RP, Benjamin DR, Law CL. Intracellular Released Payload Influences Potency and Bystander-Killing Effects of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Preclinical Models. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2710-9. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Akash MSH, Rehman K, Parveen A, Ibrahim M. Antibody-drug conjugates as drug carrier systems for bioactive agents. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1038818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Rock BM, Tometsko ME, Patel SK, Hamblett KJ, Fanslow WC, Rock DA. Intracellular Catabolism of an Antibody Drug Conjugate with a Noncleavable Linker. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1341-4. [PMID: 26101225 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.064253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates are emerging as a powerful class of antitumor agents with efficacy across a range of cancers; therefore, understanding the disposition of this class of therapeutic is crucial. Reported here is a method of enriching a specific organelle (lysosome) to understand the catabolism of an anti-CD70 Ab-MCC-DM1, an antibody drug conjugate with a noncleavable linker. With such techniques a higher degree of concentration-activity relationship can be established for in vitro cell lines; this can aid in understanding the resultant catabolite concentrations necessary to exert activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Rock
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (B.M.R., D.A.R., S.K.P.) and Therapeutic Innovation Unit (K.J.H., M.E.T., W.C.F.), Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark E Tometsko
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (B.M.R., D.A.R., S.K.P.) and Therapeutic Innovation Unit (K.J.H., M.E.T., W.C.F.), Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Sonal K Patel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (B.M.R., D.A.R., S.K.P.) and Therapeutic Innovation Unit (K.J.H., M.E.T., W.C.F.), Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin J Hamblett
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (B.M.R., D.A.R., S.K.P.) and Therapeutic Innovation Unit (K.J.H., M.E.T., W.C.F.), Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - William C Fanslow
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (B.M.R., D.A.R., S.K.P.) and Therapeutic Innovation Unit (K.J.H., M.E.T., W.C.F.), Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Dan A Rock
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism (B.M.R., D.A.R., S.K.P.) and Therapeutic Innovation Unit (K.J.H., M.E.T., W.C.F.), Amgen, Inc., Seattle, Washington
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16
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Leal M, Sapra P, Hurvitz SA, Senter P, Wahl A, Schutten M, Shah DK, Haddish-Berhane N, Kabbarah O. Antibody-drug conjugates: an emerging modality for the treatment of cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1321:41-54. [PMID: 25123209 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) offer promise as a therapeutic modality that can potentially reduce the toxicities and poor therapeutic indices caused by the lack of specificity of conventional anticancer therapies. ADCs combine the potency of cytotoxic agents with the target selectivity of antibodies by chemically linking a cytotoxic payload to an antibody, potentially creating a synthetic molecule that will deliver targeted antitumor therapy that is both safe and efficacious. The ADC repertoire contains a range of payload molecules, antibodies, and linkers. Two ADC molecules, Kadcyla® and Adcetris®, have been approved by the FDA, and many more are currently in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Leal
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, New York
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17
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Han TH, Zhao B. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion considerations for the development of antibody-drug conjugates. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1914-20. [PMID: 25048520 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of therapeutics that are designed to deliver potent small-molecule drugs selectively to cells that express a specific target antigen while limiting systemic exposure to the drug. This is accomplished by conjugating a potent drug onto an antibody-based therapeutic with a linker that is exquisitely stable in plasma. The development of an effective ADC requires optimizing a number of design elements and an extensive understanding of absorption, distribution, metabolism/catabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes for the ADC construct. Furthermore, as ADCs are a combination of an antibody and small-molecule drug, understanding key aspects of the ADME of each individual component is needed. This review aims to provide considerations for the development of ADCs from an ADME point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae H Han
- Stem CentRx, Inc. (T.H.H.), South San Francisco, California; Seattle Genetics, Inc. (B.Z.), Bothell, Washington
| | - Baiteng Zhao
- Stem CentRx, Inc. (T.H.H.), South San Francisco, California; Seattle Genetics, Inc. (B.Z.), Bothell, Washington
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