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Visualization of osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) secretion from osteoblastic cells by bioluminescence imaging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:203-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Nakao Y, Yokawa S, Kohno T, Suzuki T, Hattori M. Visualization of Reelin secretion from primary cultured neurons by bioluminescence imaging. J Biochem 2022; 171:591-598. [PMID: 35171273 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a secreted glycoprotein important for brain development and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Some reports suggest that Reelin is secreted from the nerve terminals and functions as a neurotransmitter. However, the mechanism of Reelin secretion is unknown. In this study, we visualized Reelin secretion by bioluminescence imaging using a fusion protein of Reelin and Gaussia luciferase (GLase-Reelin). GLase-Reelin expressed in HEK293T cells was correctly processed and secreted. Luminescence signals from the secreted GLase-Reelin of primary cultured neurons were visualized by bioluminescence microscopy. Reelin secretory events were observed at neurites and cell bodies. Bioluminescence imaging was also performed before and after KCl depolarization to compare the secretory events of Reelin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The secretion of BDNF increased markedly shortly after depolarization. In contrast, the frequency of Reelin secretion did not change significantly by depolarization. Thus, Reelin secretion from neurites might not be regulated in a neuronal activity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Nakao
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokawa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biophysics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
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3
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Mitani Y, Yasuno R, Kihira K, Chung K, Mitsuda N, Kanie S, Tomioka A, Kaji H, Ohmiya Y. Host-Dependent Producibility of Recombinant Cypridina noctiluca Luciferase With Glycosylation Defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:774786. [PMID: 35198542 PMCID: PMC8859458 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.774786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cypridina noctiluca luciferase (CLuc) is a secreted luminescent protein that reacts with its substrate (Cypridina luciferin) to emit light. CLuc is known to be a thermostable protein and has been used for various research applications, including in vivo imaging and high-throughput reporter assays. Previously, we produced a large amount of recombinant CLuc for crystallographic analysis. However, this recombinant protein did not crystallize, probably due to heterogeneous N-glycan modifications. In this study, we produced recombinant CLuc without glycan modifications by introducing mutations at the N-glycan modification residues using mammalian Expi293F cells, silkworms, and tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells. Interestingly, recombinant CLuc production depended heavily on the expression hosts. Among these selected hosts, we found that Expi293F cells efficiently produced the recombinant mutant CLuc without significant effects on its luciferase activity. We confirmed the lack of N-glycan modifications for this mutant protein by mass spectrometry analysis but found slight O-glycan modifications that we estimated were about 2% of the ion chromatogram peak area for the detected peptide fragments. Moreover, by using CLuc deletion mutants during the investigation of O-glycan modifications, we identified amino acid residues important to the luciferase activity of CLuc. Our results provide invaluable information related to CLuc function and pave the way for its crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Mitani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasuo Mitani,
| | - Rie Yasuno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - KwiMi Chung
- Bioproduction Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Shusei Kanie
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Azusa Tomioka
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaji
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- Biomedical Research Institute, AIST, Ikeda, Japan
- Osaka Institute of Technology (OIT), Osaka, Japan
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Suzuki T, Kanamori T, Inouye S. [Novel Technology for Studying Insulin Secretion: Imaging and Quantitative Analysis by a Bioluminescence Method]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:969-977. [PMID: 32741870 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed a method of video-rate bioluminescence imaging to visualize proteins secreted from living cells. A protein of interest was fused to Gaussia luciferase (GLase), and the luminescence signals of secreted GLase with coelenterazine (luciferin) were visualized at a video-rate of 30-500 ms/frame by using a water-cooled EM-CCD camera. We established a subclonal rat INS-1E cell line, named iGL cells, stably expressing the fusion protein of insulin and GLase (Insulin-GLase). By stimulation with high glucose, 3D-cultured iGL cells showed synchronized oscillatory secretion of insulin for over 1 h, as similarly observed in an isolated rat pancreatic islet. In 2D-cultured iGL cells, the luminescence images indicated that synchronized insulin secretion was localized in intercellular spaces between cells. Further, the relative amount of insulin secretion from iGL cells was easily determined with a luminometer, and we demonstrated that cell-cell interaction of beta cells is fundamental to increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by synchronization. Thus, iGL cells would be valuable for studying oscillatory insulin secretion and evaluating anti-diabetic drugs. Our bioluminescence imaging method with GLase could be generally used for investigating protein secretion in 2D and 3D cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University
| | - Takao Kanamori
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University
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β-arrestin-2 in PAR-1-biased signaling has a crucial role in endothelial function via PDGF-β in stroke. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:100. [PMID: 30718498 PMCID: PMC6361911 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin aggravates ischemic stroke and activated protein C (APC) has a neuroprotective effect. Both proteases interact with protease-activated receptor 1, which exhibits functional selectivity and leads to G-protein- and β-arrestin-mediated-biased signal transduction. We focused on the effect of β-arrestin in PAR-1-biased signaling on endothelial function after stroke or high-fat diet (HFD). Thrombin had a rapid disruptive effect on endothelial function, but APC had a slow protective effect. Paralleled by prolonged MAPK 42/44 signaling activation by APC via β-arrestin-2, a lower cleavage rate of PAR-1 for APC than thrombin was quantitatively visualized by bioluminescence video imaging. HFD-fed mice showed lower β-arrestin-2 levels and more severe ischemic injury. The expression of β-arrestin-2 in capillaries and PDGF-β secretion in HFD-fed mice were reduced in penumbra lesions. These results suggested that β-arrestin-2-MAPK-PDGF-β signaling enhanced protection of endothelial function and barrier integrity after stroke.
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Yokawa S, Suzuki T, Hayashi A, Inouye S, Inoh Y, Furuno T. Video-Rate Bioluminescence Imaging of Degranulation of Mast Cells Attached to the Extracellular Matrix. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:74. [PMID: 30042943 PMCID: PMC6048188 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Degranulation refers to the secretion of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, serotonin, and proteases, that are stored within the granules of mast cells and that trigger allergic reactions. The amount of these released mediators has been measured biochemically using cell mass. To investigate degranulation in living single cells, fluorescence microscopy has traditionally been used to observe the disappearance of granules and the appearance of these discharged granules within the plasma membrane by membrane fusion and the movement of granules inside the cells. Here, we developed a method of video-rate bioluminescence imaging to directly detect degranulation from a single mast cell by measuring luminescence activity derived from the enzymatic reaction between Gaussia luciferase (GLase) and its substrate coelenterazine. The neuropeptide Y (NPY), which was reported to colocalize with serotonin in the secretory granules, fused to GLase (NPY-GLase) was efficiently expressed in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, a mast-cell line, using a preferred human codon-optimized gene. Bioluminescence imaging analysis of RBL-2H3 cells expressing NPY-GLase and adhered on a glass-bottomed dish showed that the luminescence signals from the resting cells were negligible, while the luminescence signals of the secreted NPY-GLase were repeatedly detected after the addition of an antigen. In addition, this imaging method was applicable for observing degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells that adhered to the extracellular matrix (ECM). These results indicated that video-rate bioluminescence imaging using GLase will be a useful tool for detecting degranulation in single mast cells adhered to a variety of ECM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yokawa
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Ayumi Hayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoh
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Quantitative visualization of synchronized insulin secretion from 3D-cultured cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:886-892. [PMID: 28342877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative visualization of synchronized insulin secretion was performed in an isolated rat pancreatic islet and a spheroid of rat pancreatic beta cell line using a method of video-rate bioluminescence imaging. Video-rate images of insulin secretion from 3D-cultured cells were obtained by expressing the fusion protein of insulin and Gaussia luciferase (Insulin-GLase). A subclonal rat INS-1E cell line stably expressing Insulin-GLase, named iGL, was established and a cluster of iGL cells showed oscillatory insulin secretion that was completely synchronized in response to high glucose. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effect of an antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide, on synchronized insulin secretion from 2D- and 3D-cultured iGL cells. The amount of secreted Insulin-GLase from iGL cells was also determined by a luminometer. Thus, our bioluminescence imaging method could generally be used for investigating protein secretion from living 3D-cultured cells. In addition, iGL cell line would be valuable for evaluating antidiabetic drugs.
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Yokawa S, Suzuki T, Inouye S, Inoh Y, Suzuki R, Kanamori T, Furuno T, Hirashima N. Visualization of glucagon secretion from pancreatic α cells by bioluminescence video microscopy: Identification of secretion sites in the intercellular contact regions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:725-730. [PMID: 28238783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have firstly visualized glucagon secretion using a method of video-rate bioluminescence imaging. The fusion protein of proglucagon and Gaussia luciferase (PGCG-GLase) was used as a reporter to detect glucagon secretion and was efficiently expressed in mouse pancreatic α cells (αTC1.6) using a preferred human codon-optimized gene. In the culture medium of the cells expressing PGCG-GLase, luminescence activity determined with a luminometer was increased with low glucose stimulation and KCl-induced depolarization, as observed for glucagon secretion. From immunochemical analyses, PGCG-GLase stably expressed in clonal αTC1.6 cells was correctly processed and released by secretory granules. Luminescence signals of the secreted PGCG-GLase from the stable cells were visualized by video-rate bioluminescence microscopy. The video images showed an increase in glucagon secretion from clustered cells in response to stimulation by KCl. The secretory events were observed frequently at the intercellular contact regions. Thus, the localization and frequency of glucagon secretion might be regulated by cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Corporation, Yokohama 236-8605, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoh
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takao Kanamori
- School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tadahide Furuno
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Naohide Hirashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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Inouye S, Suzuki T. Protein expression of preferred human codon-optimized Gaussia luciferase genes with an artificial open-reading frame in mammalian and bacterial cells. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 128:93-100. [PMID: 27506135 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein expressions of three preferred human codon-optimized Gaussia luciferase genes (pGLuc, EpGLuc, and KpGLuc) were characterized in mammalian and bacterial cells by comparing them with those of wild-type Gaussia luciferase gene (wGLuc) and human codon-optimized Gaussia luciferase gene (hGLuc). Two synthetic genes of EpGLuc and KpGLuc containing the complete preferred human codons have an artificial open-reading frame; however, they had the similar protein expression levels to those of pGLuc and hGLuc in mammalian cells. In bacterial cells, the protein expressions of pGLuc, EpGLuc, and KpGLuc with approximately 65% GC content were the same and showed approximately 60% activities of wGLuc and hGLuc. The artificial open-reading frame in EpGLuc and KpGLuc did not affect the protein expression in mammalian and bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Co., 5-1 Okawa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8605, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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Inouye S, Sato JI, Sahara-Miura Y, Hosoya T, Suzuki T. Unconventional secretion of the mutated 19kDa protein of Oplophorus luciferase (nanoKAZ) in mammalian cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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