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Zhao J, Xu Z, You X, Zhao Y, He W, Zhao L, Chen A, Yang S. Genetic traceability practices in a large-size beef company in China. Food Chem 2019; 277:222-228. [PMID: 30502138 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An effective and trustworthy traceability system is important for food safety and quality; however, traditional traceability systems that only rely on the recording method do not completely prevent food fraud. DNA-based traceability techniques facilitate seamless connectivity within the entire food supply chain. A convenient and low-cost ear tag device was invented for collecting animal blood samples as an identity control, and a panel including 12 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci was selected to distinguish individuals with a matching probability of 1.70 × 10-5. The exact animal individual was identified by comparing the SNP genotype barcodes between the meat and blood samples derived from the recording system to further validate authenticity of the recording system. These results illustrate that a combination of the genetic traceability method and a traditional recording system can provide trustworthy traceability for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xinyong You
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wenjing He
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Luyao Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Shuming Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Du F, Hinke SA, Cavanaugh C, Polidori D, Wallace N, Kirchner T, Jennis M, Lang W, Kuo GH, Gaul MD, Lenhard J, Demarest K, Ajami NJ, Liang Y, Hornby PJ. Potent Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter SGLT1/2 Dual Inhibition Improves Glycemic Control Without Marked Gastrointestinal Adaptation or Colonic Microbiota Changes in Rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:676-687. [PMID: 29674332 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium/glucose cotransporters (SGLT1 and SGLT2) transport glucose across the intestinal brush border and kidney tubule. Dual SGLT1/2 inhibition could reduce hyperglycemia more than SGLT2-selective inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, questions remain about altered gastrointestinal (GI) luminal glucose and tolerability, and this was evaluated in slc5a1-/- mice or with a potent dual inhibitor (compound 8; SGLT1 Ki = 1.5 ± 0.5 nM 100-fold greater potency than phlorizin; SGLT2 Ki = 0.4 ± 0.2 nM). 13C6-glucose uptake was quantified in slc5a1-/- mice and in isolated rat jejunum. Urinary glucose excretion (UGE), blood glucose (Sprague-Dawley rats), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (Zucker diabetic fatty rats) were measured. Intestinal adaptation and rRNA gene sequencing was analyzed in C57Bl/6 mice. The blood 13C6-glucose area under the curve (AUC) was reduced in the absence of SGLT1 by 75% (245 ± 6 vs. 64 ± 6 mg/dl⋅h in wild-type vs. slc5a1-/- mice) and compound 8 inhibited its transport up to 50% in isolated rat jejunum. Compound 8 reduced glucose excursion more than SGLT2-selective inhibition (e.g., AUC = 129 ± 3 vs. 249 ± 5 mg/dl⋅h for 1 mg/kg compound 8 vs. dapagliflozin) with similar UGE but a lower renal glucose excretion threshold. In Zucker diabetic fatty rats, compound 8 decreased HbA1c and increased total GLP-1 without changes in jejunum SGLT1 expression, mucosal weight, or villus length. Overall, compound 8 (1 mg/kg for 6 days) did not increase cecal glucose concentrations or bacterial diversity in C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, potent dual SGLT1/2 inhibition lowers blood glucose by reducing intestinal glucose absorption and the renal glucose threshold but minimally impacts the intestinal mucosa or luminal microbiota in chow-fed rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Du
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Simon A Hinke
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Cassandre Cavanaugh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - David Polidori
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Nathanial Wallace
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Matthew Jennis
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Wensheng Lang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Gee-Hong Kuo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Micheal D Gaul
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - James Lenhard
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Keith Demarest
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Yin Liang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
| | - Pamela J Hornby
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Discovery (F.D., S.A.H., C.C., N.W., T.K., M.J., G.-H.K., M.D.G., J.L., K.D., Y.L., P.J.H.) and Analytical Sciences (W.L.), Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania; Cardiovascular and Metabolism Experimental and Translational Medicine, Janssen R&D LLC, San Diego, California (D.P.); and Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (N.J.A.)
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