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Habibi-Kavashkohie MR, Scorza T, Oubaha M. Senescent Cells: Dual Implications on the Retinal Vascular System. Cells 2023; 12:2341. [PMID: 37830555 PMCID: PMC10571659 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, triggers a series of gradual alterations in structure, metabolism, and function, as well as inflammatory gene expression that nurtures a low-grade proinflammatory milieu in human tissue. A growing body of evidence indicates an accumulation of senescent neurons and blood vessels in response to stress and aging in the retina. Prolonged accumulation of senescent cells and long-term activation of stress signaling responses may lead to multiple chronic diseases, tissue dysfunction, and age-related pathologies by exposing neighboring cells to the heightened pathological senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, the ultimate impacts of cellular senescence on the retinal vasculopathies and retinal vascular development remain ill-defined. In this review, we first summarize the molecular players and fundamental mechanisms driving cellular senescence, as well as the beneficial implications of senescent cells in driving vital physiological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Then, the dual implications of senescent cells on the growth, hemostasis, and remodeling of retinal blood vessels are described to document how senescent cells contribute to both retinal vascular development and the severity of proliferative retinopathies. Finally, we discuss the two main senotherapeutic strategies-senolytics and senomorphics-that are being considered to safely interfere with the detrimental effects of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Habibi-Kavashkohie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (M.R.H.-K.); (T.S.)
- The Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases, Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, QC H3G 1E8, Canada
| | - Tatiana Scorza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (M.R.H.-K.); (T.S.)
- The Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases, Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, QC H3G 1E8, Canada
| | - Malika Oubaha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (M.R.H.-K.); (T.S.)
- The Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases, Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, QC H3G 1E8, Canada
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Zhang SM, Zhu LH, Li ZZ, Wang PX, Chen HZ, Guan HJ, Jiang DS, Chen K, Zhang XF, Tian S, Yang D, Zhang XD, Li H. Interferon regulatory factor 3 protects against adverse neo-intima formation. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:469-479. [PMID: 24596398 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is central to the pathophysiology of neo-intima formation. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) inhibits the growth of cancer cells and fibroblasts. However, the role of IRF3 in vascular neo-intima formation is unknown. We evaluated the protective role of IRF3 against neo-intima formation in mice and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS IRF3 expression was down-regulated in VSMCs after carotid wire injury in vivo, and in SMCs after platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB challenge in vitro. Global knockout of IRF3 (IRF3-KO) led to accelerated neo-intima formation and proliferation of VSMCs, whereas the opposite was seen in SMC-specific IRF3 transgenic mice. Mechanistically, we identified IRF3 as a novel regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a negative regulator of SMC proliferation after vascular injury. Binding of IRF3 to the AB domain of PPARγ in the nucleus of SMCs facilitated PPARγ transactivation, resulting in decreased proliferation cell nuclear antigen expression and suppressed proliferation. Overexpression of wild-type, but not truncated, IRF3 with a mutated IRF association domain (IAD) retained the ability to exert anti-proliferative effect. CONCLUSIONS IRF3 inhibits VSMC proliferation and neo-intima formation after vascular injury through PPARγ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuo-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pi-Xiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jing Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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