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Jaton J, Gómez E, Lucero MS, Rizzi L, Gravisaco MJ, Pinto S, Berinstein A, Chimeno Zoth S. Evasion of maternal antibody protection by an IBDV Argentine variant. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103431. [PMID: 38295501 PMCID: PMC10846382 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral disease that affects the ability of chickens to produce humoral immune responses. One way to prevent the disease is the passage of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) from dams to offsprings via the yolk. Despite sanitary measures, which include immunization with genogroup 1 (G1) vaccines, infections with IBDV genogroup 4 (G4) in young animals have been detected. The aim of this study was to determine whether a local IBDV isolate belonging to G4 could evade the immunity generated by MDAs. Twelve-day-old animals positive for MDA, were inoculated with G1 or G4 isolates or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as a control. After 1 wk, the animals were sacrificed and the following parameters were evaluated: bursa-body (BB) ratio, viral load, and histologic damage in the bursa of Fabricius. Results showed that G4-infected animals had significant differences in the BB ratio compared to the PBS group. In addition, viral load was significantly higher in the G4 group than in the G1 group. Histologic damage in the bursa of Fabricius was detected only in G4-infected MDA chickens. Our results suggest that infection with G4 local isolate can circumvent the immunity generated by MDA and, furthermore, that G4 isolate does not differ in its pathogenicity from G1 isolate, which underlines the need to include variant strains in vaccine formulations to reduce potential losses caused by these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jaton
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Lucero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Rizzi
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Gravisaco
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Pinto
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Berinstein
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Chimeno Zoth
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Huang HW, Wu S, Chowdhury EA, Shah DK. Expansion of platform physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for monoclonal antibodies towards different preclinical species: cats, sheep, and dogs. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2023:10.1007/s10928-023-09893-5. [PMID: 37947924 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-023-09893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are becoming an important therapeutic option in veterinary medicine, and understanding the pharmacokinetic (PK) of mAbs in higher-order animal species is also important for human drug development. To better understand the PK of mAbs in these animals, here we have expanded a platform physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the disposition of mAbs in three different preclinical species: cats, sheep, and dogs. We obtained PK data for mAbs and physiological parameters for the three different species from the literature. We were able to describe the PK of mAbs following intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous administration in cats, IV administration in sheep, and IV administration dogs reasonably well by fixing the physiological parameters and just estimating the parameters related to the binding of mAbs to the neonatal Fc receptor. The platform PBPK model presented here provides a quantitative tool to predict the plasma PK of mAbs in dogs, cats, and sheep. The model can also predict mAb PK in different tissues where the site of action might be located. As such, the mAb PBPK model presented here can facilitate the discovery, development, and preclinical-to-clinical translation of mAbs for veterinary and human medicine. The model can also be modified in the future to account for more detailed compartments for certain organs, different pathophysiology in the animals, and target-mediated drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Shengjia Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Ekram A Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.
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Maher A, Atallah D, Hassan M, Hammad M, Galal M, Mohamed SE, Abdelkafy Y, Farid A. Role of anti-Giardia recombinant cyst wall protein IgG polyclonal antibodies in diagnosis and protection. AMB Express 2022; 12:147. [PMID: 36434306 PMCID: PMC9700546 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01484-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an infectious protozoan that has a global distribution especially in the hot climate. Around 200 million people are infected worldwide annually by Giardia, but infection is not always accompanied by symptoms, especially in endemic countries. Using traditional microscopy techniques in diagnosis, both in stool and water samples were less sensitive when compared to immunological methods; and the need for new diagnostic methods was necessary. Also, protection from infection is required in endemic areas. Therefore, the study aimed to produce anti- G. duodenalis IgG polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) by immunizing rabbit by G. duodenalis cyst recombinant protein. The produced antibodies were evaluated in the detection of G. duodenalis antigens in patients' stool and water samples from endemic areas across River Nile; where pAbs were used as a coating and a peroxidase conjugate antibody in sandwich ELISA. Moreover, pAbs were tested for the protection of mice from giardiasis. Sandwich ELISA using pAb has succeeded in the detection of G. duodenalis coproantigens in stool samples by a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 92.72%. Moreover, G. duodenalis cyst was detected in only seven water samples by ordinary microscopy; while sandwich ELISA revealed nineteen positive results. IgG pAb (1/200 µg/ml) protected mice from giardiasis; which was evident from the reduction in cysts and trophozoites numbers. We recommended the use of sandwich ELISA to monitor water quality, investigate environmental contamination and diagnosis in patients' stools. The pAbs can be prepared in large amount and used in field diagnosis and protection. This will help in the early diagnosis of G. duodenalis in water, which in turn can control outbreaks in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Maher
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Donia Atallah
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hassan
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Hammad
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohaned Galal
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saif-Eldin Mohamed
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yara Abdelkafy
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Farid
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Carter HSM, Renaud DL, Steele MA, Fischer-Tlustos AJ, Costa JHC. A Narrative Review on the Unexplored Potential of Colostrum as a Preventative Treatment and Therapy for Diarrhea in Neonatal Dairy Calves. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2221. [PMID: 34438679 PMCID: PMC8388388 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pre-weaned dairy calves and, as such, represents a significant animal health and welfare concern. Furthermore, digestive disease early in life is associated with several long-term consequences such as reduced growth rate and decreased milk yield during the first lactation, thus generating severe economic losses. The majority of diarrheic cases in young calves are treated with antimicrobials; however, it is necessary to develop alternative treatments, as excessive antimicrobial usage can lead to antimicrobial resistance and can negatively impact the gut microflora of a calf. Bovine colostrum is abundant in immune and bioactive factors that improve immune function and development. This rich and natural combination of immunoglobulins, natural antimicrobial factors, growth factors, anti-inflammatories and nutrients may be an attractive alternative to antimicrobials in the treatment of diarrhea in young dairy calves. There is evidence that supports the use of colostrum as an early treatment for diarrhea in young calves. Future research should investigate its therapeutic and economic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havelah S. M. Carter
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - David L. Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Michael A. Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.A.S.); (A.J.F.-T.)
| | - Amanda J. Fischer-Tlustos
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.A.S.); (A.J.F.-T.)
| | - Joao H. C. Costa
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
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