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Schmidt B. The Role of Total Synthesis in Structure Revision and Elucidation of Decanolides (Nonanolides). PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 115:1-57. [PMID: 33797640 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64853-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ten-membered lactones are commonly observed structures of natural products. They are mostly fungal metabolites, which often act as plant pathogens, but recently ten-membered lactones were identified as pheromones of frogs and termites. Although modern spectroscopic methods are nowadays routinely used to elucidate the structure of natural products, structural assignments of ten-membered lactones often remain incomplete or are surprisingly often erroneous. Most errors concern the absolute configuration. The examples discussed in this chapter demonstrate that enantioselective total synthesis is not only an efficient tool for corroborating or revising a proposed structure, but that the synthesis of different stereoisomers as references for gas chromatographic investigations can be a vital part of the structure elucidation process if only minute amounts of material are available. As a method of outstanding importance for the synthesis of ten-membered lactones olefin metathesis has emerged. Most of the examples discussed herein use one or more olefin metathesis reactions as key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Hammoud Mahdi D, Hubert J, Renault JH, Martinez A, Schubert A, Engel KM, Koudogbo B, Vissiennon Z, Ahyi V, Nieber K, Vissiennon C. Chemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of the Fungus-Growing Termite Strain Macrotermes Bellicosus Used in Traditional Medicine in the Republic of Benin. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215015. [PMID: 33138110 PMCID: PMC7662623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus growing termite species Macrotermes bellicosus (M. bellicosus) is used in nutrition and traditional medicine in the Republic of Benin for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Previous findings demonstrated evidence of anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic properties of M. bellicosus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different extracts of M. bellicosus samples and determine the chemical profile of an ethanolic M. bellicosus extract. Chemical profiling was conducted using centrifugal partition chromatography and 13C-NMR, followed by MALDI-TOF MS. Major identified compounds include hydroquinone (HQ), methylhydroquinone (MHQ), 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl glycol (DHPG), N-acetyldopamine (NADA) and niacinamide. The fatty acid mixture of the extract was mainly composed of linoleic and oleic acid and highlights the nutritional purpose of M. bellicosus. Using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay, an antibacterial activity of M. bellicosus samples was observed against various clinical strains with a highest growth inhibition of S. aureus. In addition, HQ and MHQ as well as fractions containing DHPG, niacinamide and NADA inhibited S. aureus growth. The reported antimicrobial activity of M. bellicosus and identified active substances provide a rationale for the traditional medicinal use of M. bellicosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Hammoud Mahdi
- Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa, Cotonou 07 BP 231, Benin; (B.K.); (Z.V.); (V.A.)
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (D.H.M.); (C.V.); Tel.: +229-97-21-96-96 (D.H.M.); +49-341-971-5772 (C.V.)
| | - Jane Hubert
- CNRS ICMR UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France; (J.H.); (J.-H.R.); (A.M.)
- NatExplore SAS, 51140 Prouilly, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Renault
- CNRS ICMR UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France; (J.H.); (J.-H.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Agathe Martinez
- CNRS ICMR UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France; (J.H.); (J.-H.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Andreas Schubert
- Fraunhofer IZI, Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Kathrin Monika Engel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Blaise Koudogbo
- Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa, Cotonou 07 BP 231, Benin; (B.K.); (Z.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Zacharie Vissiennon
- Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa, Cotonou 07 BP 231, Benin; (B.K.); (Z.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Virgile Ahyi
- Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa, Cotonou 07 BP 231, Benin; (B.K.); (Z.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Karen Nieber
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Cica Vissiennon
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (D.H.M.); (C.V.); Tel.: +229-97-21-96-96 (D.H.M.); +49-341-971-5772 (C.V.)
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