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Mengji R, Paladugu D, Saha B, Jana A. Single-Photon Deep-Red Light-Triggered Direct Release of an Anticancer Drug: An Investigative Tumor Regression Study on a Breast Cancer Spheroidal Tumor Model. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38913981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast adenocarcinoma ranks high among the foremost lethal cancers affecting women globally, with its triple-negative subtype posing the greatest challenge due to its aggressiveness and resistance to treatment. To enhance survivorship and patients' quality of life, exploring advanced therapeutic approaches beyond conventional chemotherapies is imperative. To address this, innovative nanoscale drug delivery systems have been developed, offering precise, localized, and stimuli-triggered release of anticancer agents. Here, we present perylenemonoimide nanoparticle-based vehicles engineered for deep-red light activation, enabling direct chlorambucil release. Synthesized via the reprecipitation technique, these nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized. Light-induced drug release was monitored via spectroscopic and reverse-phase HPLC. The efficacy of the said drug delivery system was evaluated in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional spheroidal cancer models, demonstrating significant tumor regression attributed to apoptotic cell death induced by efficient drug release within cells and spheroids. This approach holds promise for advancing targeted breast cancer therapy, enhancing treatment efficacy and minimizing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mengji
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Paladugu
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avijit Jana
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Chen D, Chen Z, Wang Z, Hong C, Wang Q, Yang P, Huang Z, Lian W, Huang Y, Fu W, Li J, Hong Z. LncRNA SEMA3B-AS1 suppresses the tumor-initiating characteristics of triple negative breast cancer via engaging in MLL4-mediated H3K4 trimethylation. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:371-383. [PMID: 37975495 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and hold particular importance in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Yet, the precise mechanisms by which TIC-associated lncRNAs influence TNBC remain unclear. Our research utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Cancer (BC) data set to identify prognostic lncRNAs. We then conducted extensive assays to explore their impact on the tumor-initiating phenotype of TNBC cells and the underlying mechanisms. Notably, we found that low expression of lncRNA SEMA3B-AS1 correlated with unfavorable survival in BC patients. SEMA3B-AS1 was also downregulated in TNBC and linked to advanced tumor stage. Functional experiments confirmed its role as a TIC-suppressing lncRNA, curtailing mammosphere formation, ALDH + TIC cell proportion, and impairing clonogenicity, migration, and invasion. Mechanistic insights unveiled SEMA3B-AS1's nuclear localization and interaction with MLL4 (mixed-lineage leukemia 4), triggering H3K4 methylation-associated transcript activation and thus elevating the expression of SEMA3B, a recognized tumor suppressor gene. Our findings emphasize SEMA3B-AS1's significance as a TNBC-suppressing lncRNA that modulates TIC behavior. This study advances our comprehension of lncRNA's role in TNBC progression, advocating for their potential as therapeutic targets in this aggressive BC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nan'an Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhitang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengye Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qinglan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhidong Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weibin Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Fu
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junjing Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhipeng Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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3
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Lee SH, Brianna. Association of microRNA-21 expression with breast cancer subtypes and its potential as an early biomarker. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155073. [PMID: 38218039 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most diagnosed cancer worldwide in 2020 with high morbidity and mortality rates. The alarming increase in breast cancer incidence has sprung many researchers to focus on developing novel screening tests to identify early breast cancer which will allow clinicians to provide timely and effective treatments. With much evidence supporting the notion that the deregulation of miRNAs (a class of non-coding RNA) greatly contributes to cancer initiation and progression, the promising role of miRNAs as cancer biomarkers is gaining traction in the research world. Among the upregulated miRNAs identified in breast carcinogenesis, miR-21 was shown to be significantly expressed in breast cancer tissues and bodily fluids of breast cancer patients. Therein, this review paper aims to provide an overview of breast cancer, the role and significance of miR-21 in breast cancer pathogenesis, and its potential as a breast cancer biomarker. The paper also discusses the current types of tumor biomarkers and their limitations, the presence of miR-21 in extracellular vesicles and plasma, screening methods available for miRNA detection along with some challenges faced in developing diagnostic miR-21 testing for breast cancer to provide readers with a comprehensive outlook based on using miR-21 in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Har Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Brianna
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Darul Ehsan, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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4
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Shen HY, Xu JL, Zhang W, Chen QN, Zhu Z, Mao Y. Exosomal circRHCG promotes breast cancer metastasis via facilitating M2 polarization through TFEB ubiquitination and degradation. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:22. [PMID: 38287113 PMCID: PMC10825185 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive cancer with distant metastasis. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that exosomes are involved in TNBC metastasis. Elucidating the mechanism underlying TNBC metastasis has important clinical significance. In the present study, exosomes were isolated from clinical specimens and TNBC cell lines. Colony formation, EdU incorporation, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed to examine TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Macrophage polarization was evaluated by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR analysis of polarization markers. A mouse model of subcutaneous tumor was established for assessment of tumor growth and metastasis. RNA pull-down, RIP and Co-IP assays were used for analyzing molecular interactions. Here, we proved that high abundance of circRHCG was observed in exosomes derived from TNBC patients, and increased exosomal circRHCG indicated poor prognosis. Silencing of circRHCG suppressed TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. TNBC cell-derived exosomes promoted M2 polarization via delivering circRHCG. Exosomal circRHCG stabilized BTRC mRNA via binding FUS and naturally enhanced BTRC expression, thus promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of TFEB in THP-1 cells. In addition, knockdown of BTRC or overexpression of TFEB counteracted exosomal circRHCG-mediated facilitation of M2 polarization. Furthermore, exosomal circRHCG promoted TNBC cell proliferation and metastasis by facilitating M2 polarization. Knockdown of circRHCG reduced tumor growth, metastasis, and M2 polarization through the BTRC/TFEB axis in vivo. In summary, exosomal circRHCG promotes M2 polarization by stabilizing BTRC and promoting TFEB degradation, thereby accelerating TNBC metastasis and growth. Our study provides promising therapeutic strategies against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Shen
- Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qin-Nan Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuan Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Ghazimoradi MH, Pakravan K, Khalafizadeh A, Babashah S. TET1 regulates stem cell properties and cell cycle of Cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer via DNA demethylation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115913. [PMID: 37995981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of cancer stem cells in metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapies is significant. Addressing these cells could potentially decrease cancer reoccurrences and mortality rates. TET1, a crucial gene involved in stem cell self-renewal and potency, may also play a part in cancer stem cells, which warrants further research. To explore the role of TET1 in cancer stem cells, we conducted experiments involving loss and gain. We then analyzed factors such as migration, invasion, cell cycle, cell viability, mammosphere formation, and the CD44+/CD24- subpopulation of cancer cells. We also investigate the influence of TET1 on CCNB1, CDK1, and OCT4. Our study reveals that TET1 can regulate the phenotype of cancer stem cells via OCT4. Additionally, it can control the cell cycle by increasing CDK1 and CCNB1 levels. These findings suggest that targeting DNA methylation and TET1 could be an effective strategy to overcome obstacles posed by Cancer stem cells. Our research also indicates that TET1 can influence the phenotype of cancer stem cells and the cell cycle of breast cancer cells potentially through OCT4, CCNB1, and CDK1. This highlights the importance of TET1 in breast cancer cases and suggests a potential therapeutic approach through DNA methylation and modulation of TET1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Ghazimoradi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khalafizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Cui B, He B, Huang Y, Wang C, Luo H, Lu J, Su K, Zhang X, Luo Y, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, An F, Wang H, Lam EWF, Kelley KW, Wang L, Liu Q, Peng F. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 reprograms proline metabolism to drive breast cancer stemness under psychological stress. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:682. [PMID: 37845207 PMCID: PMC10579265 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) contribute to cancer metastasis, drug resistance and tumor relapse, yet how amino acid metabolism promotes CSC maintenance remains exclusive. Here, we identify that proline synthetase PYCR1 is critical for breast cancer stemness and tumor growth. Mechanistically, PYCR1-synthesized proline activates cGMP-PKG signaling to enhance cancer stem-like traits. Importantly, cGMP-PKG signaling mediates psychological stress-induced cancer stem-like phenotypes and tumorigenesis. Ablation of PYCR1 markedly reverses psychological stress-induced proline synthesis, cGMP-PKG signaling activation and cancer progression. Clinically, PYCR1 and cGMP-PKG signaling components are highly expressed in breast tumor specimens, conferring poor survival in breast cancer patients. Targeting proline metabolism or cGMP-PKG signaling pathway provides a potential therapeutic strategy for breast patients undergoing psychological stress. Collectively, our findings unveil that PYCR1-enhanced proline synthesis displays a critical role in maintaining breast cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Cui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin He
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cenxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huandong Luo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinxin Lu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Keyu Su
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunkun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan An
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Keith W Kelley
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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7
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Afshari H, Noori S, Zarghi A. Curcumin potentiates the anti-inflammatory effects of Tehranolide by modulating the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2541-2555. [PMID: 37452228 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that natural products, such as curcumin and artemisinin, possess anti-inflammatory effects, which can be beneficial for cancer treatment. Tehranolide, as a novel natural product, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-cancer effects. However, many properties of Tehranolide, like its anti-inflammatory activity and its combination with curcumin, have not been investigated yet. This investigation examined the anti-inflammatory activity of Tehranolide, either alone or in combination with curcumin, via modulating the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling pathways in MDA-MB-231 and SKOV3, breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS ELISA-based methods were employed to measure the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and the NF-κB activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cells. The real-time PCR experiment and Griess test were performed to evaluate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and nitrite levels, respectively. The STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways were investigated by Western blotting analysis. Tehranolide's anti-cancer activity was also assessed in a mouse model of breast cancer using the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling) assay. RESULTS Tehranolide diminished levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cancer cells. Additionally, it suppressed NF-κB DNA binding and STAT3 phosphorylation, reducing iNOS gene expression and nitrite production. Moreover, Western blotting showed that Tehranolide enhanced the inhibitory κB (IκBα) and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2)-associated X (BAX) expression, and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 proteins. Furthermore, the TUNEL assay demonstrated that Tehranolide induced apoptosis in a breast cancer mouse model. Curcumin potentiated all the anti-inflammatory effects of Tehranolide. CONCLUSION This investigation indicated for the first time that Tehranolide, either alone or in combination with curcumin, exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways in SKOV3 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Afshari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shoaib TH, Ibraheem W, Abdelrahman M, Osman W, Sherif AE, Ashour A, Ibrahim SRM, Ghazawi KF, Miski SF, Almadani SA, ALsiyud DF, Mohamed GA, Alzain AA. Exploring the potential of approved drugs for triple-negative breast cancer treatment by targeting casein kinase 2: Insights from computational studies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289887. [PMID: 37578958 PMCID: PMC10424868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy that requires effective targeted drug therapy. In this study, we employed in silico methods to evaluate the efficacy of seven approved drugs against human ck2 alpha kinase, a significant modulator of TNBC metastasis and invasiveness. Molecular docking revealed that the co-crystallized reference inhibitor 108600 achieved a docking score of (-7.390 kcal/mol). Notably, among the seven approved drugs tested, sunitinib, bazedoxifene, and etravirine exhibited superior docking scores compared to the reference inhibitor. Specifically, their respective docking scores were -10.401, -7.937, and -7.743 kcal/mol. Further analysis using MM/GBSA demonstrated that these three top-ranked drugs possessed better binding energies than the reference ligand. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations identified etravirine, an FDA-approved antiviral drug, as the only repurposed drug that demonstrated a stable and reliable binding mode with the human ck2 alpha protein, based on various analysis measures including RMSD, RMSF, and radius of gyration. Principal component analysis indicated that etravirine exhibited comparable stability of motion as a complex with human ck2 alpha protein, similar to the co-crystallized inhibitor. Additionally, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on a complex of etravirine and a representative gold atom positioned at different sites relative to the heteroatoms of etravirine. The results of the DFT calculations revealed low-energy complexes that could potentially serve as guides for experimental trials involving gold nanocarriers of etravirine, enhancing its delivery to malignant cells and introducing a new drug delivery route. Based on the results obtained in this research study, etravirine shows promise as a potential antitumor agent targeting TNBC, warranting further investigation through experimental and clinical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagyedeen H. Shoaib
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Walaa Ibraheem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Abdelrahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Wadah Osman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Asmaa E. Sherif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Kholoud F. Ghazawi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar F. Miski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A. Almadani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Fahad ALsiyud
- Department of Medical Laboratories—Hematology, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Corniche Road, Andalus, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim A. Alzain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Gezira, Gezira, Sudan
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9
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Al-Hazani TMI, Al-Qahtani WS, Alwaili MA, Domiaty DM, Alshehri E, Al-Shamrani SM, Alotaibi AM, Alghamdi HS, Alahmari A, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Jalal MM, Alafari HA, Safhi FA, Abboosh TS. The function of long non-coding RNA SNHG11 and its working mechanism in triple-negative breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154578. [PMID: 37320865 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) seriously affects woman's health. The present work is to study the working mechanism of lncRNA SNHG11 in TNBC. The expressions of SNHG11, microRNA (miR)- 7-5p, specificity protein 2 (SP2) and mucin 1 (MUC-1) in TNBC tissues and cells were detected. SNHG11, miR-7-5p and SP2 expressions were then evaluated for TNBC cell malignant behaviors. The relationships among SNHG11, miR-7-5p and SP2 were predicted and verified. Finally, the binding of the transcription factor SP2 to MUC-1 promoter was detected. Abnormally elevated SNHG11, SP2 and MUC-1 expressions were observed in cultured TNBC cells and tumor tissues. SNHG11 knockdown in TNBC cells. Silencing SP2 weakened the promoting effect of SNHG11 on TNBC progression. SNHG11 negatively regulated miR-7-5p expression and positively regulated SP2 expression. SP2 bound to the P2 site of MUC-1 promoter, and SP2 knockdown suppressed MUC-1 expression. It was demonstrated that lncRNA SNHG11 promoted TNBC cell malignant behaviors to facilitate TNBC progression. The study is first of its kinds to unravel the potential of lncRNA SNHG11 in relation to TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Mohamed Ibrahim Al-Hazani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 83, Al-Kharj 11940, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wedad Saeed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, PO Box 6830 Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maha Abdulla Alwaili
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Mostafa Domiaty
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, PO Box 13151, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alshehri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salha M Al-Shamrani
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, PO Box 13151, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hanan S Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Alahmari
- Department of Biology, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Jalal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayat Ali Alafari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Ahmed Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Saeed Abboosh
- Ministry of Interior, Public Security, Forensic Evidence Laboratories, Criminal Examinations, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Das A, Sharma HK, Lather V, Pandita D, Agarwal P. Structure-based virtual screening for identification of potential CDC20 inhibitors and their therapeutic evaluation in breast cancer. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:141. [PMID: 37124982 PMCID: PMC10133423 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 (CDC20), a critical partner of anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), is indispensably required for metaphase-to-anaphase transition. CDC20 overexpression in TNBC breast cancer patients has been found to be correlated with poor prognosis, hence, we aimed to target CDC20 for TNBC therapeutics. In silico molecular docking of large-scale chemical libraries (phytochemicals/synthetic drugs) against CDC20 protein structure identified five synthetic drugs and four phytochemicals as potential hits interacting with CDC20 active site. The molecular selection was done based on docking scores, binding interactions, binding energies and MM/GBSA scores. Further, we analysed ADME profiles for all the hits and identified lidocaine, an aminoamide anaesthetic group of synthetic drug, with high drug-likeness properties. We explored the anti-tumorigenic effects of lidocaine on MDA-MB-231 TNBC breast cancer cells, which resulted in increased growth inhibition in dose-dependent manner. The molecular mechanism behind the cell viability defect mediated by lidocaine was found to be induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis. Notably, lidocaine treatment of TNBC cells also resulted in downregulation of CDC20 gene expression. Thus, this study identifies lidocaine as a potential anti-neoplastic agent for TNBC cells emphasizing CDC20 as a suitable therapeutic target for breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03554-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313 India
| | - Hitesh Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313 India
| | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313 India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research (DIPSAR) Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Government of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017 India
- Centre for Advanced Formulation Technology (CAFT), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017 India
| | - Pallavi Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313 India
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11
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Viswanadhapalli S, Dileep KV, Zhang KY, Nair HB, Vadlamudi RK. Targeting LIF/LIFR signaling in cancer. Genes Dis 2022; 9:973-980. [PMID: 35685476 PMCID: PMC9170604 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and its receptor (LIFR), are commonly over-expressed in many solid cancers and recent studies have implicated LIF/LIFR axis as a promising clinical target for cancer therapy. LIF/LIFR activate oncogenic signaling pathways including JAK/STAT3 as immediate effectors and MAPK, AKT, mTOR further downstream. LIF/LIFR signaling plays a key role in tumor growth, progression, metastasis, stemness and therapy resistance. Many solid cancers show overexpression of LIF and autocrine stimulation of the LIF/LIFR axis; these are associated with a poorer relapse-free survival. LIF/LIFR signaling also plays a role in modulating multiple immune cell types present in tumor micro environment (TME). Recently, two targeted agents that target LIF (humanized anti-LIF antibody, MSC-1) and LIFR inhibitor (EC359) were under development. Both agents showed effectivity in preclinical models and clinical trials using MSC-1 antibody are in progress. This article reviews the significance of LIF/LIFR pathways and inhibitors that disrupt this process for the treatment of cancer.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- JAK, Janus kinase
- LIF
- LIF receptor, (LIFR)
- LIFR
- LIFR inhibitor
- STAT3
- Targeted therapy
- breast cancer, (BCa)
- cancer stem cells, (CSCs)
- cardiotrophin 1, (CTF1)
- ciliary neurotrophic factor, (CNTF)
- colorectal cancer, (CRC)
- endometrial cancer, (ECa)
- humanized Anti-LIF antibody, (MSC-1)
- leukemia inhibitory factor, (LIF)
- mammalian target of rapamycin, (mTOR)
- mitogen activated protein kinase, (MAPK)
- oncostatin M, (OSM)
- ovarian cancer, (OCa)
- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, (PDAC)
- programmed death-ligand 1, (PD-L1)
- prostate cancer, (PCa)
- signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, (STAT3)
- triple negative breast cancer, (TNBC)
- tumor micro environment, (TME)
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kalarickal V. Dileep
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kam Y.J. Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Ratna K. Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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12
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Vasefifar P, Motafakkerazad R, Maleki LA, Najafi S, Ghrobaninezhad F, Najafzadeh B, Alemohammad H, Amini M, Baghbanzadeh A, Baradaran B. Nanog, as a key cancer stem cell marker in tumor progression. Gene X 2022; 827:146448. [PMID: 35337852 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of malignant cells that induce tumor onset and development. CSCs share similar features with normal stem cells in the case of self-renewal and differentiation. They also contribute to chemoresistance and metastasis of cancer cells, leading to therapeutic failure. To identify CSCs, multiple cell surface markers have been characterized, including Nanog, which is found at high levels in different cancers. Recent studies have revealed that Nanog upregulation has a substantial association with the advanced stages and poor prognosis of malignancies, playing a pivotal role through tumorigenesis of multiple human cancers, including leukemia, liver, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, lung, head and neck, brain, pancreatic, gastric and breast cancers. Nanog through different signaling pathways, like JAK/STAT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, induces stemness, self-renewal, metastasis, invasiveness, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. Some of these signaling pathways are common in various types of cancers, but some have been found in one or two cancers. Therefore, this review aimed to focus on the function of Nanog in multiple cancers based on recent studies surveying the suitable approaches to target Nanog and inhibit CSCs residing in tumors to gain favorable results from cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Vasefifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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13
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New Achievements for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes a heterogeneous group of malignancies that are often aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. The development of new TNBC treatment strategies has become an urgent clinical need. Diagnosis and subtyping of TNBC are essential to establish alternative treatments and targeted therapies for every TNBC patient. Chemotherapy, particularly with anthracycline and taxanes, remains the backbone for medical management for both early and metastatic TNBC. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy have revolutionized cancer treatment. Included in the different strategies studied for TNBC treatment is drug repurposing. Despite the numerous medications available, numerous studies in medicinal chemistry are still aimed at the synthesis of new compounds in order to find new antiproliferative agents capable of treating TNBC. Additionally, some supplemental micronutrients, nutraceuticals and functional foods can potentially reduce the risk of developing cancer or can retard the rate of growth and metastases of established malignant diseases. Finally, nanotechnology in medicine, termed nanomedicines, introduces nanoparticles of variable chemistry and architecture for cancer treatment. This review highlights the most recent studies in search of new therapies for the treatment of TNBC, along with nutraceuticals and repositioning of drugs.
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CTCF-Induced lncRNA C5orf66-AS1 Facilitates the Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Sponging miR-149-5p to Up-Regulate CTCF and CTNNB1 to Activate Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0018821. [PMID: 35499320 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00188-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents one of the subtypes of breast cancer with high aggressiveness. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are well-known to function as crucial regulators in human cancers which include TNBC.
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15
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PGM5P3-AS1 regulates MAP1LC3C to promote cell ferroptosis and thus inhibiting the malignant progression of triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 193:305-318. [PMID: 35325342 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characteristic of high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. According to previous studies and bioinformatics prediction, PGM5P3-AS1 has been found to be significantly down-regulated in TNBC cells. In addition, cell ferroptosis has become a hotspot in breast cancer research and TNBC has been reported to be more sensitive to ferroptosis than receptor positive breast cancer. Hence, we aim at exploring the molecular mechanism of PGM5P3-AS1 in TNBC cells and further explore whether PGM5P3-AS1 can inhibit TNBC progression via promoting cell ferroptosis. METHODS The expression of genes in TNBC cells was verified by RT-qPCR assay. Functional assays were taken to evaluate the impact PGM5P3-AS1 may exert on TNBC progression. The regulatory pattern of PGM5P3-AS1 on cell ferroptosis in TNBC was validated through mechanism assays. RESULTS PGM5P3-AS1 was proved to be down-regulated in TNBC cells and suppressed TNBC cell proliferation as well as migration. PGM5P3-AS1 promoted cell ferroptosis in TNBC by recruiting RNA-binding protein (RBP) NOP58 to stabilize MAP1LC3C mRNA, and thus inhibiting TNBC progression. CONCLUSION PGM5P3-AS1 regulated MAP1LC3C to promote cell ferroptosis and thus inhibiting the malignant progression of TNBC.
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16
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Wang Y, Dai J, Zeng Y, Guo J, Lan J. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Breast Cancer Metastasis: A Systematic Review of Pathogenic Functions and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752604. [PMID: 34745984 PMCID: PMC8569917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer has become the most commonly occurring cancer worldwide. Although it has a good prognosis under early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, breast cancer metastasis drastically causes mortality. The process of metastasis, which includes cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, and colonization, is a multistep cascade of molecular events directed by gene mutations and altered protein expressions. Ubiquitin modification of proteins plays a common role in most of the biological processes. E3 ubiquitin ligase, the key regulator of protein ubiquitination, determines the fate of ubiquitinated proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases target a broad spectrum of substrates. The aberrant functions of many E3 ubiquitin ligases can affect the biological behavior of cancer cells, including breast cancer metastasis. In this review, we provide an overview of these ligases, summarize the metastatic processes in which E3s are involved, and comprehensively describe the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Furthermore, we classified E3 ubiquitin ligases based on their structure and analyzed them with the survival of breast cancer patients. Finally, we consider how our knowledge can be used for E3s’ potency in the therapeutic intervention or prognostic assessment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youqin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Lan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Liu N, Wang X, Zhu Z, Li D, Lv X, Chen Y, Xie H, Guo Z, Song D. Selected ideal natural ligand against TNBC by inhibiting CDC20, using bioinformatics and molecular biology. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23702-23725. [PMID: 34686627 PMCID: PMC8580355 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Object: Find potential therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients by bioinformatics. Screen ideal natural ligand that can bind with the potential target and inhibit it by using molecular biology. Methods: Bioinformatics and molecular biology were combined to analyze potential therapeutic targets. Differential expression analysis identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TNBC tissues and non-TNBC tissues. The functional enrichment analyses of DEGs shown the important gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways of TNBC. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction screened 20 hub genes, while Kaplan website was used to analyze the relationship between the survival curve and expression of hub genes. Then Discovery Studio 4.5 screened ideal natural inhibitors of the potential therapeutic target by LibDock, ADME, toxicity prediction, CDOCKER and molecular dynamic simulation. Results: 1,212 and 353 DEGs were respectively found between TNBC tissues and non-TNBC tissues, including 88 up-regulated and 141 down-regulated DEGs in both databases. 20 hub genes were screened, and the higher expression of CDC20 was associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, we chose CDC20 as the potential therapeutic target. 7,416 natural ligands were conducted to bind firmly with CDC20, and among these ligands, ZINC000004098930 was regarded as the potential ideal ligand, owing to its non-hepatotoxicity, more solubility level and less carcinogenicity than the reference drug, apcin. The ZINC000004098930-CDC20 could exist stably in natural environment. Conclusion: 20 genes were regarded as hub genes of TNBC and most of them were relevant to the survival curve of breast cancer patients, especially CDC20. ZINC000004098930 was chosen as the ideal natural ligand that can targeted and inhibited CDC20, which may give great contribution to TNBC targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimeng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaye Lv
- Department of Hematology, The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yichang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haoqun Xie
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Clinical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Kyriakopoulou K, Kefali E, Piperigkou Z, Riethmüller C, Greve B, Franchi M, Götte M, Karamanos NK. EGFR is a pivotal player of the E2/ERβ - mediated functional properties, aggressiveness, and stemness in triple-negative breast cancer cells. FEBS J 2021; 289:1552-1574. [PMID: 34665934 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by aggressive behavior, limited response to chemotherapy and lower overall survival rates. The increased metastatic potential of TNBC is a combined result of extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that leads to cytoskeleton rearrangement and activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in TNBC tumors has been linked to induced expression of EMT-related molecules. EMT activation has often been associated with increased metastasis and stemness. Recently, we described the crucial role of EGFR/estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) interplay in the regulation of invasion and cell-matrix interactions. In this study, we report on the EGFR-ERβ functional relationship in connection to the aggressiveness and cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics of TNBC cells. ERβ-suppressed and MDA-MB-231 cells were subjected to downstream EGFR inhibition and/or estradiol stimulation to assess alterations in functional parameters as well as in morphological characteristics, studied by scanning electron, atomic force, and immunofluorescence microscopies. Moreover, the expression and localization of key EMT and CSC-related markers were also evaluated by real-time qPCR, immunofluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. EGFR inhibition resulted in an overall suppression of aggressive functional characteristics, which occurred in an ERβ-mediated manner. These changes could be attributed to a reduction, at the molecular level, of EMT and stemness-linked markers, most notably reduced expression of Notch signaling constituents and the cell surface proteoglycan, syndecan-1. Collectively, our study highlights the importance of EGFR signaling as a key effector of aggressiveness, EMT, and stemness in an ERβ-dependent way in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kyriakopoulou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Elena Kefali
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | | | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Study, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
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Analyzing mRNAsi-Related Genes Identifies Novel Prognostic Markers and Potential Drug Combination for Patients with Basal Breast Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4731349. [PMID: 34646403 PMCID: PMC8505092 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4731349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Basal breast cancer subtype is the worst prognosis subtypes among all breast cancer subtypes. Recently, a new tumor stemness index-mRNAsi is found to be able to measure the degree of oncogenic differentiation of tissues. The mRNAsi involved in a variety of cancer processes is derived from the innovative application of one-class logistic regression (OCLR) machine learning algorithm to the whole genome expression of various stem cells and tumor cells. However, it is largely unknown about mRNAsi in basal breast cancer. Here, we find that basal breast cancer carries the highest mRNAsi among all four subtypes of breast cancer, especially 385 mRNAsi-related genes are positively related to the high mRNAsi value in basal breast cancer. This high mRNAsi is also closely related to active cell cycle, DNA replication, and metabolic reprogramming in basal breast cancer. Intriguingly, in the 385 genes, TRIM59, SEPT3, RAD51AP1, and EXO1 can act as independent protective prognostic factors, but CTSF and ABHD4B can serve as independent bad prognostic factors in patients with basal breast cancer. Remarkably, we establish a robust prognostic model containing the 6 mRNAsi-related genes that can effectively predict the survival rate of patients with the basal breast cancer subtype. Finally, the drug sensitivity analysis reveals that some drug combinations may be effectively against basal breast cancer via targeting the mRNAsi-related genes. Taken together, our study not only identifies novel prognostic biomarkers for basal breast cancers but also provides the drug sensitivity data by establishing an mRNAsi-related prognostic model.
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20
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Feng Y, Ci H, Wu Q. Expression of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and 2 and Yes-associated protein 1 proteins in triple-negative breast cancer and the clinicopathological significance. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27032. [PMID: 34449481 PMCID: PMC8389968 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and 2 (MST1/2) and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) are the core molecules of the Hippo signaling pathway, which have been found to be unbalanced in the occurrence of tumors and promote the development of the lesions. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of MST1/2 and YAP1 proteins in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and their clinicopathological significance. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression level of protein in tissues. According to the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity, the expression intensity of MST1/2 and YAP1 proteins in the tissue samples was scored, and the correlation between MST1/2 and the clinicopathological features of TNBC were discussed. RESULTS The expression of MST1/2 and YAP1 was associated with histological grade, metastasis, lymph node metastasis stage, and tumor node metastasis stage. The overexpression of YAP1 predicted a poor prognosis in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival time. The MST1/2 expression was associated with improved overall survival and disease free survival of the patients. CONCLUSION MST1/2 and YAP1 may be used as prognostic indicators to evaluate the recurrence of TNBC and might become one of the new targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Anhui Province), Suzhou, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hongfei Ci
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Anhui Province), Suzhou, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Anhui Province), Suzhou, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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21
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Sato K, Padgaonkar AA, Baker SJ, Cosenza SC, Rechkoblit O, Subbaiah DRCV, Domingo-Domenech J, Bartkowski A, Port ER, Aggarwal AK, Ramana Reddy MV, Irie HY, Reddy EP. Simultaneous CK2/TNIK/DYRK1 inhibition by 108600 suppresses triple negative breast cancer stem cells and chemotherapy-resistant disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4671. [PMID: 34344863 PMCID: PMC8333338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains challenging because of heterogeneous responses to chemotherapy. Incomplete response is associated with a greater risk of metastatic progression. Therefore, treatments that target chemotherapy-resistant TNBC and enhance chemosensitivity would improve outcomes for these high-risk patients. Breast cancer stem cell-like cells (BCSCs) have been proposed to represent a chemotherapy-resistant subpopulation responsible for tumor initiation, progression and metastases. Targeting this population could lead to improved TNBC disease control. Here, we describe a novel multi-kinase inhibitor, 108600, that targets the TNBC BCSC population. 108600 treatment suppresses growth, colony and mammosphere forming capacity of BCSCs and induces G2M arrest and apoptosis of TNBC cells. In vivo, 108600 treatment of mice bearing triple negative tumors results in the induction of apoptosis and overcomes chemotherapy resistance. Finally, treatment with 108600 and chemotherapy suppresses growth of pre-established TNBC metastases, providing additional support for the clinical translation of this agent to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Sato
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amol A Padgaonkar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stacey J Baker
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen C Cosenza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olga Rechkoblit
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D R C Venkata Subbaiah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alison Bartkowski
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa R Port
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aneel K Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M V Ramana Reddy
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Y Irie
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - E Premkumar Reddy
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Luna-Dulcey L, Almada da Silva J, Jimenez-Renard V, Caleiras E, Mouron S, Quintela-Fandino M, Cominetti MR. [6]-Gingerol-Derived Semi-Synthetic Compound SSi6 Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastatic Dissemination in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Xenograft Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122855. [PMID: 34201040 PMCID: PMC8228746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) represent approximately 15% of all breast cancers and lack the expression of a defined molecular target. This absence makes this subtype of cancer difficult to treat and control. Current chemotherapy drugs cause various side effects and toxicities that can jeopardize the quality of life of patients with TNBC cancer. Therefore, this research focuses on a new semi-synthetic compound derived from [6]-gingerol, where we demonstrate that it does not cause significant toxic effects in vivo and, more importantly, we demonstrate its antitumor and antimetastatic effects using preclinical xenograft models simulating two clinical scenarios of a woman with breast cancer. Abstract Breast cancer metastasis is the most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) form a heterogeneous group of tumors that have higher relapse rates and poorer survival compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Thus, this work reports the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of a [6]-gingerol-derived semi-synthetic compound named SSi6 on MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells using xenograft models. SSi6 did not cause toxic effects in vivo as demonstrated by body weight and hematological and histological evaluations. From the orthotopic xenograft model, we demonstrated that SSi6 slows and inhibits the growth of the primary tumor, as well as prevents metastatic spontaneous progression from lymph nodes to the lungs. Moreover, a second xenograft model with resection of the primary tumor showed that SSi6 also blocks the progression of metastases from the lymph nodes to other visceral organs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SSi6 is a promising compound to be investigated in other preclinical and clinical models to be applied as a complementary therapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liany Luna-Dulcey
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging (LABEN), Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), CEP 13565-905 São Carlos–SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3306-6672; Fax: +55-16-3351-9628
| | - James Almada da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49400-000, Av. Gov. Marcelo Deda, 330–São José, Lagarto–SE, Brazil;
| | - Veronica Jimenez-Renard
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), CP 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-R.); (S.M.); (M.Q.-F.)
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), CP 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Silvana Mouron
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), CP 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-R.); (S.M.); (M.Q.-F.)
| | - Miguel Quintela-Fandino
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), CP 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-R.); (S.M.); (M.Q.-F.)
| | - Marcia R. Cominetti
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging (LABEN), Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), CEP 13565-905 São Carlos–SP, Brazil;
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23
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Lin S, Zhao M, Lv Y, Mao G, Ding S, Peng F. The lncRNA GATA3-AS1/miR-495-3p/CENPU axis predicts poor prognosis of breast cancer via the PLK1 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13663-13679. [PMID: 33902008 PMCID: PMC8202843 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The function of centromere protein U (CENPU) gene in breast cancer has not been well understood. Therefore, we explored the expression profiles of CENPU gene in breast carcinoma to better understand the functions of this gene, as well as the relationship between CENPU expression and the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients. Our results indicate that CENPU was expressed at significantly higher levels in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues. Furthermore, CENPU expression correlated significantly with many clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. In addition, we discovered that high levels of CENPU expression predicted poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Functional investigation revealed that 180 genes exhibited co-expression with CENPU. Functional annotation indicated that 17 of these genes were involved in the PLK1 signaling pathway, with most of them (16/17) being expressed at significantly higher levels in malignant tissues compared with normal controls and correlating with a poor prognosis. Subsequently, we found that four miRNAs, namely hsa-miR-543, hsa-miR-495-3p, hsa-miR-485-3p, and hsa-miR-337-3p, could be regarded as potential CENPU expression regulators. Then, five lncRNAs were predicted to potentially bind to the four miRNAs. Combination of the results from expression, survival, correlation analysis and functional experiments analysis demonstrated the link between lncRNA GATA3-AS1/miR-495-3p/CENPU axis and prognosis of breast cancer. In conclusion, CENPU could be involved in cell cycle progression through PLK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanbo Lv
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiping Ding
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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24
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Lin S, Lv Y, Zheng L, Mao G, Peng F. Expression and Prognosis of Sperm-Associated Antigen 1 in Human Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2689-2698. [PMID: 33888993 PMCID: PMC8057799 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s288484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sperm-associated antigen 1 (SPAG1) has been identified as a marker of pancreatic cancer progression and promoter of cell motility; however, its role in breast cancer is not completely understood. Methods SPAG1 expression in breast cancer tissues and normal tissues was obtained from online databases. Knockdown function assays were designed and conducted to verify the functional role of SPAG1 in breast cancer cell lines. Cell counting and MTT assays were used to assess cell proliferation. Cell flow cytometry assay was used for cell cycle phase arrest, and fluorescence microscopy was used for colony formation assessment. Results Both the mRNA and protein levels of SPAG1 were significantly higher in the breast cancer tissues than in the normal tissues. In addition, SPAG1 is significantly related to many clinicopathological features of breast cancer, such as age (>51 years), estrogen receptor (ER) (+), progesterone receptor (PR) (+), and nodal status (+), non-triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), not basal-like and not basal-like and not TNBC. Survival analysis indicates that breast cancer patients with low expression of SPAG1 had a significantly better prognosis with relapse-free survival (RFS). Functional experiment analysis revealed that knockdown of SPAG1 suppressed cell proliferation and colony-forming ability. Conclusion Our results suggested a possible role of SPAG1 in breast cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Lv
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Luoning Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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25
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Trailblazing perspectives on targeting breast cancer stem cells. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107800. [PMID: 33421449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors affecting women's health worldwide. The recurrence and metastasis of BCa have made it a long-standing challenge to achieve remission-persistent or disease-undetectable clinical outcomes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess the ability to self-renew and generate heterogeneous tumor bulk. The existence of CSCs has been found to be vital in the initiation, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence of tumors across cancer types. Because CSCs grow slowly in their dormant state, they are insensitive to conventional chemotherapies; however, when CSCs emerge from their dormant state and become clinically evident, they usually acquire genetic traits that make them resistant to existing therapies. Moreover, CSCs also show evidence of acquired drug resistance in synchrony with tumor relapses. The concept of CSCs provides a new treatment strategy for BCa. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in research on breast CSCs and their association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), plasticity of tumor cells, tumor microenvironment (TME), T-cell modulatory protein PD-L1, and non-coding RNAs. On the basis that CSCs are associated with multiple dysregulated biological processes, we envisage that increased understanding of disease sub-classification, selected combination of conventional treatment, molecular aberration directed therapy, immunotherapy, and CSC targeting/sensitizing strategy might improve the treatment outcome of patients with advanced BCa. We also discuss novel perspectives on new drugs and therapeutics purposing the potent and selective expunging of CSCs.
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26
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Gerovska D, García-Gallastegi P, Descarpentrie J, Crende O, Casado-Andrés M, Martín A, Eguia J, Khatib AM, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Badiola I. Proprotein convertases blockage up-regulates specifically metallothioneins coding genes in human colon cancer stem cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118912. [PMID: 33249002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite continuous exertion made, colon cancer still represents a major health problem and its incidence continues being high worldwide. There is growing evidence in support of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) being central in the initiation of this cancer, and CSCs have been the focus of various studies for the identification of new ways of treatment. Lately, the proprotein convertases (PCs) were reported to regulate the maturation and expression of various molecules involved in the malignant phenotype of colon cancer cells, however, the identity of the molecules regulated by these serine proteases in CSCs is unknown. In this study, we used the general PCs inhibitor, the Decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone (Decanoyl-RVKR-CMK) that inhibits all the PCs found in the secretory pathway, and analyzed its effect on CSCs using RNA-seq analysis. Remarkably, from the only 9 up-regulated genes in the human SW620-derived sphere-forming cells, we identified 7 of the 11 human metallothioneins, all of them localized on chromosome 16, and zinc related proteins as downstream effectors of the PCs. The importance of these molecules in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and chemoresistance, and their reported potential tumor suppressor role and loss in colon cancer patients associated with worse prognosis, suggests that targeting PCs in the control of the malignant phenotype of CSCs is a new potential therapeutic strategy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor 8 Beguiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; Computational Biomedicine Data Analysis Platform, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, C/ Doctor 8 Beguiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Patricia García-Gallastegi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, LAMC, U1029, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Olatz Crende
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - María Casado-Andrés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, LAMC, U1029, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ander Martín
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jokin Eguia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor 8 Beguiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; Computational Biomedicine Data Analysis Platform, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, C/ Doctor 8 Beguiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, C/ María Díaz Harokoa 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Iker Badiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Haldavnekar R, Vijayakumar SC, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Prediction of Cancer Stem Cell Fate by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Functionalized Nanoprobes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15468-15491. [PMID: 33175514 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the fundamental building blocks of cancer dissemination, so it is desirable to develop a technique to predict the behavior of CSCs during tumor initiation and relapse. It will provide a powerful tool for pathological prognosis. Currently, there exists no method of such prediction. Here, we introduce nickel-based functionalized nanoprobe facilitated surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for prediction of cancer dissemination by undertaking CSC-based surveillance. SERS profiling of CSCs of various cell lines (breast cancer, cervical cancer, and lung cancer) was compared with their cancer counterparts for the prediction of prognosis, with statistical significance of single-cell sensitivity. The single-cell sensitivity is critical as even a few CSCs are capable of initiating a tumor. Intermediate states of CSC transmutation to cancer cells and its reverse were monitored, and nanoprobe-assisted SERS profiling was undertaken. We experimentally demonstrated that the quasi-intermediate CSC states have dissimilar profiles during the transformation from cancer to CSC and vice versa enabling statistical differentiation without ambiguity. It was also observed that molecular signatures of these opposite pathways are cancer-type specific. This observation provided additional clarity to the current understanding of relatively unfamiliar quasi-intermediate states; making it possible to predict CSC dissemination for variety of cancers with ∼99% accuracy. Nano probe-based prediction of CSC fate is a powerful prediction tool for ultrasensitive prognosis of malignancy in a complex environment. Such CSC-based cancer prognosis has never been proposed before. This prediction technique has potential to provide insights for cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as for obtaining information instrumental in designing of meaningful CSC-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Haldavnekar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka-Shing Knowledge Institute, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1T8
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Sivaprasad Chinnakkannu Vijayakumar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka-Shing Knowledge Institute, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1T8
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Bo Tan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
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28
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Lin X, Ping J, Wen Y, Wu Y. The Mechanism of Ferroptosis and Applications in Tumor Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1061. [PMID: 32774303 PMCID: PMC7388725 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-dependent ferroptosis is a new form of cell death in recent years, which is driven by lipid peroxidation. The lethal lipid accumulation caused by glutathione depletion or inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is characteristic of the ferroptosis process. In recent years, with the in-depth study of ferroptosis, various types of diseases have been reported to be related to ferroptosis. In other words, ferroptosis, which has attracted widespread attention in the fields of biochemistry, oncology, and especially materials science, can undoubtedly provide a new way for patients. This review introduces the relevant mechanisms of ferroptosis, the relationship between ferroptosis and various cancers, as well as the application of ferroptosis in tumor treatment. We also sorted out the genes and drugs that regulate ferroptosis. Moreover, small molecule compound-induced ferroptosis has a strong inhibitory effect on tumor growth in a drug-resistant environment, which can enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, suggesting that ferroptosis is very important in the treatment of tumor drug resistance, but the details are still unclear. How to use ferroptosis to fight cancer, and how to prevent drug-resistant tumor cells have become the focus and direction of research. At the end of the article, some existing problems related to ferroptosis are summarized for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jieyi Ping
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Wen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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29
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Xu Z, Liu C, Zhao Q, Lü J, Ding X, Luo A, He J, Wang G, Li Y, Cai Z, Wang Z, Liu J, Liu S, Li W, Yu Z. Long non-coding RNA CCAT2 promotes oncogenesis in triple-negative breast cancer by regulating stemness of cancer cells. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104628. [PMID: 31904506 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are more aggressive due to lacking receptors for hormone therapy and maintaining stemness features in cancer cells. Herein we found long non-coding RNA CCAT2 overexpressed specially in TNBC, and in breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) as well. Enforced overexpression and targeted knockdown demonstrated the oncogenic function of CCAT2 both in vitro and in vivo. CCAT2 promoted the expression of stemness markers including OCT4, Nanog and KLF4, increased mammosphere formation and induced ALDH+ cancer stem cell population in TNBC. A chromosomally adjacent gene OCT4-PG1, as a pseudogene of OCT4, was upregulated by CCAT2, and positively regulated the stemness features of TNBC cells. miR-205 was identified as a target gene of CCAT2 in TNBC. Point-mutation in CCAT2 impaired the sponge inhibition of miR-205. Overexpression of miR-205 rescued the oncogenic phenotypes induced by CCAT2. In addition, Notch2, as a target gene of miR-205, was downregulated by miR-205 and upregulated by CCAT2 in TNBC. Collectively, the current study revealed a novel function of CCAT2 in promoting tumor initiation and progression in TNBC through upregulating OCT4-PG1 expression and activating Notch signaling. These findings not only demonstrated a lncRNA-based therapeutic strategy in treatment of TNBC, but also added a node to the regulatory network of CCAT2 that controls aggressiveness of breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuiui Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jinhui Lü
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - An Luo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jia He
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Guangxue Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhaoqing Cai
- Tongji University School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongrui Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenshu Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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