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Feng DC, Zhu WZ, Wang J, Li DX, Shi X, Xiong Q, You J, Han P, Qiu S, Wei Q, Yang L. The implications of single-cell RNA-seq analysis in prostate cancer: unraveling tumor heterogeneity, therapeutic implications and pathways towards personalized therapy. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:21. [PMID: 38605399 PMCID: PMC11007901 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, advancements in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, which are highly regarded developments in the current era, particularly the emerging integration of single-cell and spatiotemporal transcriptomics, have enabled a detailed molecular comprehension of the complex regulation of cell fate. The insights obtained from these methodologies are anticipated to significantly contribute to the development of personalized medicine. Currently, single-cell technology is less frequently utilized for prostate cancer compared with other types of tumors. Starting from the perspective of RNA sequencing technology, this review outlined the significance of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in prostate cancer research, encompassing preclinical medicine and clinical applications. We summarize the differences between mouse and human prostate cancer as revealed by scRNA-seq studies, as well as a combination of multi-omics methods involving scRNA-seq to highlight the key molecular targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance characteristics of prostate cancer. These studies are expected to provide novel insights for the development of immunotherapy and other innovative treatment strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Furthermore, we explore the potential clinical applications stemming from other single-cell technologies in this review, paving the way for future research in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Wei-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Deng-Xiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Waldum H, Slupphaug G. Correctly identifying the cells of origin is essential for tailoring treatment and understanding the emergence of cancer stem cells and late metastases. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1369907. [PMID: 38660133 PMCID: PMC11040596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1369907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignancy manifests itself by deregulated growth and the ability to invade surrounding tissues or metastasize to other organs. These properties are due to genetic and/or epigenetic changes, most often mutations. Many aspects of carcinogenesis are known, but the cell of origin has been insufficiently focused on, which is unfortunate since the regulation of its growth is essential to understand the carcinogenic process and guide treatment. Similarly, the concept of cancer stem cells as cells having the ability to stop proliferation and rest in a state of dormancy and being resistant to cytotoxic drugs before "waking up" and become a highly malignant tumor recurrence, is not fully understood. Some tumors may recur after decades, a phenomenon probably also connected to cancer stem cells. The present review shows that many of these questions are related to the cell of origin as differentiated cells being long-term stimulated to proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Waldum
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Wu MH, Wu K, Zhu YB, Li DC, Yang H, Zeng H. Baicalin Antagonizes Prostate Cancer Stemness via Inhibiting Notch1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:914-923. [PMID: 37357241 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of baicalin on prostate cancer (PCa) progression both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The in situ PCa stem cells (PCSCs)-injected xenograft tumor models were established in BALB/c nude mice. Tumor volume and weight were respectively checked after baicalin (100 mg/kg) treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the growth arrest and cell necrosis. mRNA expression levels of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD44, CD133 and Notch1 were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression levels of ALDH1, CD44, CD133, Notch1, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) P65 and NF-κB p-P65 were detected by Western blot. Expression and subcellular location of ALDH1, CD44, CD133, Notch1 and NF-κB p65 were detected by immunofluorescence analysis. In vitro, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis of PC3 PCSCs was assessed by flow cytometry after baicalin (125 µmol/L) treatment. The migration and invasion abilities of PCSCs were assessed using Transwell assays. Transmission electron microscopy scanning was utilized to observe the structure and autophagosome formation of baicalin-treated PCSCs. In addition, PCSCs were infected with lentiviruses expressing human Notch1. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the tumor volume and weight were notably reduced in mice treated with 100 mg/kg baicalin (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Histopathological analysis showed that baicalin treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, baicalin treatment reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of CD44, CD133, ALDH1, and Notch1 as well as the protein expression of NF-κB p-P65 in the xenograft tumor (P<0.01). In vitro, the cell proliferation of PCSCs was significantly attenuated after treatment with 125 µmol/L baicalin for 72 h (P<0.01). The cell migration and invasion rates were decreased following treatment with baicalin for 48 and 72 h (P<0.01). Baicalin notably induced cell apoptosis and seriously damaged the structure of PCSCs. The mRNA and protein expressions of CD133, CD44, ALDH1 and Notch1 in PCSCs were significantly downregulated following baicalin treatment (P<0.01). Importantly, the inhibitory effects of baicalin on PCa progression and stemness were reversed by Notch1 overexpression (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Mechanistically, baicalin exhibited a potential therapeutic effect on PCa via inhibiting the Notch1/NF-κB signaling pathway and its mediated cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Wu
- Department of Urology, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Urology, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuan-Bing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402260, China
| | - Da-Chuan Li
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402260, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402260, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402260, China.
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Xin L. Autocrine amphiregulin signaling sustains castration-resistant Ly6d + prostate cancer cells. Trends Cell Biol 2023:S0962-8924(23)00109-5. [PMID: 37331831 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain incompletely understood. A recent study by Steiner et al. shows that Ly6d+ prostate tumor cells survive androgen deprivation through an autocrine amphiregulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Early Cell Cultures from Prostate Cancer Tissue Express Tissue Specific Epithelial and Cancer Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032830. [PMID: 36769153 PMCID: PMC9917781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a widespread oncological disease that proceeds in the indolent form in most patients. However, in some cases, the indolent form can transform into aggressive metastatic incurable cancer. The most important task of PCa diagnostics is to search for early markers that can be used for predicting the transition of indolent cancer into its aggressive form. Currently, there are two effective preclinical models to study PCa pathogenesis: patients derived xenografts (PDXs) and patients derived organoids (PDOs). Both models have limitations that restrict their use in research. In this work, we investigated the ability of the primary 2D prostate cell cultures (PCCs) from PCa patients to express epithelial and cancer markers. Early PCCs were formed by epithelial cells that were progressively replaced with the fibroblast-like cells. Early PCCs contained tissue-specific stem cells that could grow in a 3D culture and form PDOs similar to those produced from the prostate tissue. Early PCCs and PDOs derived from the tissues of PCa patients expressed prostate basal and luminal epithelial markers, as well as cancer markers AMACR, TMPRSS2-ERG, and EZH2, the latter being a promising candidate to mark the transition from the indolent to aggressive PCa. We also identified various TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts in PCCs and PDOs, including new chimeric variants resulting from the intra- and interchromosomal translocations. The results suggest that early PCCs derived from cancerous and normal prostate tissues sustain the phenotype of prostate cells and can be used as a preclinical model to study the pathogenesis of PCa.
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Hsa_circ_0001165 Regulates the Malignant Phenotype and Angiogenesis of Prostate Cancer Cells through miR-654-3p/DDAH1. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Reiswich V, Schmidt CE, Lennartz M, Höflmayer D, Hube-Magg C, Weidemann S, Fraune C, Büscheck F, Möller K, Bernreuther C, Simon R, Clauditz TS, Blessin NC, Bady E, Sauter G, Uhlig R, Steurer S, Minner S, Burandt E, Dum D, Marx AH, Krech T, Lebok P, Hinsch A, Jacobsen F. GATA3 Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 16,557 Tumors. Pathobiology 2023; 90:219-232. [PMID: 36649695 PMCID: PMC10937041 DOI: 10.1159/000527382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GATA3 is a transcription factor involved in epithelial cell differentiation. GATA3 immunostaining is used as a diagnostic marker for breast and urothelial cancer but can also occur in other neoplasms. METHODS To evaluate GATA3 in normal and tumor tissues, a tissue microarray containing 16,557 samples from 131 different tumor types and subtypes and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS GATA3 positivity was found in 69 different tumor types including 23 types (18%) with at least one strongly positive tumor. Highest positivity rates occurred in noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (92-99%), lobular carcinoma (98%), carcinoma of no special type of the breast (92%), basal cell carcinoma of the skin (97%), invasive urothelial carcinoma (73%), T-cell lymphoma (23%), adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland (16%), squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (16%), and colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (12%). In breast cancer, low GATA3 staining was linked to high pT stage (p = 0.03), high BRE grade (p < 0.0001), HER2 overexpression (p = 0.0085), estrogen and progesterone receptor negativity (p < 0.0001 each), and reduced survival (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that GATA3 positivity can occur in various tumor entities. Low levels of GATA3 reflect cancer progression and poor patient prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carol E. Schmidt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C. Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Bady
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhang B, Wang S, Fu Z, Gao Q, Yang L, Lei Z, Shi Y, Le K, Xiong J, Liu S, Zhang J, Su J, Chen J, Liu M, Niu B. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals intratumoral heterogeneity and potential mechanisms of malignant progression in prostate cancer with perineural invasion. Front Genet 2023; 13:1073232. [PMID: 36712886 PMCID: PMC9875799 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1073232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Perineural invasion (PNI) was a prominent characteristic of PCa, which was recognized as a key factor in promoting PCa progression. As a complex and heterogeneous disease, its true condition is difficult to explain thoroughly with conventional bulk RNA sequencing. Thus, an improved understanding of PNI-PCa progression at the single-cell level is needed. Methods: In this study, we performed scRNAseq on tumor tissues of three PNI-PCa patients. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) were used to reduce dimensionality and visualize the cellular composition of tumor tissues. The differently expressed genes among each cluster were identified by EdgeR. GO enrichment analysis was used to understand the roles of genes within the clusters. Pseudotime cell trajectory was used to reveal the molecular pathways underlying cell fate decisions and identify genes whose expression changed as the cells underwent transition. We applied CellPhoneDB to identify cell-cell interactions among the epithelial and neural cells in PNI-PCa. Results: Analysis of the ∼17,000 single-cell transcriptomes in three PNI prostate cancer tissues, we identified 12 major cell clusters, including neural cells and two epithelial subtypes with different expression profiles. We found that basal/intermediate epithelial cell subtypes highly expressed PCa progression-related genes, including PIGR, MMP7, and AGR2. Pseudotime trajectory analysis showed that luminal epithelial cells could be the initiating cells and transition to based/intermediate cells. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to cancer progressions, such as lipid catabolic and fatty acid metabolic processes, were significantly enriched in basal/intermediate cells. Our analysis also suggested that basal/intermediate cells communicate closely with neural cells played a potential role in PNI-PCa progression. Conclusion: These results provide our understanding of PNI-PCa cellular heterogeneity and characterize the potential role of basal/intermediate cells in the PNI-PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Bao Zhang, ; Beifang Niu,
| | - Shenghan Wang
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Fu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentao Lei
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiang Shi
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Le
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Liu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Su
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China,Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beifang Niu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China,Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Bao Zhang, ; Beifang Niu,
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Cell-of-Origin Targeted Drug Repurposing for Triple-Negative and Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma with HDAC and HSP90 Inhibitors Combined with Niclosamide. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020332. [PMID: 36672285 PMCID: PMC9856736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a cell-of-origin-specific mRNA signature associated with metastasis and poor outcome in triple-negative carcinoma (TNBC). This TNBC cell-of-origin signature is associated with the over-expression of histone deacetylases and zinc finger protein HDAC1, HDAC7, and ZNF92, respectively. Based on this signature, we discovered that the combination of three drugs (an HDAC inhibitor, an anti-helminthic Niclosamide, and an antibiotic Tanespimycin that inhibits HSP90) synergistically reduces the proliferation of the twelve tested TNBC cell lines. Additionally, we discovered that four out of five inflammatory breast carcinoma cell lines are sensitive to this combination. Significantly, the concentration of the drugs that are used in these experiments are within or below clinically achievable dose, and the synergistic activity only emerged when all three drugs were combined. Our results suggest that HDAC and HSP90 inhibitors combined with the tapeworm drug Niclosamide can achieve remarkably synergistic inhibition of TNBC and IBC. Since Niclosamide, HDAC, and HSP90 inhibitors were approved for clinical use for other cancer types, it may be possible to repurpose their combination for TNBC and IBC.
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Kamran M, Bhattacharya U, Omar M, Marchionni L, Ince TA. ZNF92, an unexplored transcription factor with remarkably distinct breast cancer over-expression associated with prognosis and cell-of-origin. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:99. [PMID: 36038558 PMCID: PMC9424319 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor phenotype is shaped both by transforming genomic alterations and the normal cell-of-origin. We identified a cell-of-origin associated prognostic gene expression signature, ET-9, that correlates with remarkably shorter overall and relapse free breast cancer survival, 8.7 and 6.2 years respectively. The genes associated with the ET-9 signature are regulated by histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) partly through ZNF92, a previously unexplored transcription factor with a single PubMed citation since its cloning in 1990s. Remarkably, ZNF92 is distinctively over-expressed in breast cancer compared to other tumor types, on a par with the breast cancer specificity of the estrogen receptor. Importantly, ET-9 signature appears to be independent of proliferation, and correlates with outcome in lymph-node positive, HER2+, post-chemotherapy and triple-negative breast cancers. These features distinguish ET-9 from existing breast cancer prognostic signatures that are generally related to proliferation and correlate with outcome in lymph-node negative, ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers. Our results suggest that ET-9 could be also utilized as a predictive signature to select patients for HDAC inhibitor treatment.
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Integrative Analysis of Bulk RNA-Seq and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Unveils the Characteristics of the Immune Microenvironment and Prognosis Signature in Prostate Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6768139. [PMID: 35909899 PMCID: PMC9325591 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6768139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The immune microenvironment is a culmination of the collaborative effort of immune cells and is important in cancer development. The underlying mechanisms of the tumor immune microenvironment in regulating prostate cancer (PRAD) are unclear. In the current study, 144 natural killer cell-related genes were identified using differential expression, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Furthermore, VCL, ACTA2, MYL9, MYLK, MYH11, TPM1, ACTG2, TAGLN, and FLNC were selected as hub genes via the protein-protein interaction network. Based on the expression patterns of the hub genes, endothelial, epithelial, and tissue stem cells were identified as key cell subpopulations, which could regulate PRAD via immune response, extracellular signaling, and protein formation. Moreover, 27 genes were identified as prognostic signatures and used to construct the risk score model. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed the good performance of the risk score model in both the training and testing datasets. Different chemotherapeutic responses were observed between the low- and high-risk groups. Additionally, a nomogram based on the risk score and other clinical features was established to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year progression-free interval of patients with PRAD. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the immune microenvironment and its role in the pathogenesis of PARD. The identification of key cell subpopulations has a potential therapeutic and prognostic use in PRAD.
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12
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Wei X, Roudier MP, Kwon OJ, Lee JD, Kong K, Dumpit R, True L, Morrissey C, Lin DW, Nelson PS, Xin L. Paracrine Wnt signaling is necessary for prostate epithelial proliferation. Prostate 2022; 82:517-530. [PMID: 35014711 PMCID: PMC8866211 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Wnt proteins play key roles in the development, homeostasis, and disease progression of many organs including the prostate. However, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of Wnt proteins in prostate cell lineages at different developmental stages and in prostate cancer remain inadequately characterized. METHODS We isolated the epithelial and stromal cells in the developing and mature mouse prostate by flow cytometry and determined the expression levels of Wnt ligands. We used Visium spatial gene expression analysis to determine the spatial distribution of Wnt ligands in the mouse prostatic glands. Using laser-capture microscopy in combination with gene expression analysis, we also determined the expression patterns of Wnt signaling components in stromal and cancer cells in advanced human prostate cancer specimens. To investigate how the stroma-derived Wnt ligands affect prostate development and homeostasis, we used a Col1a2-CreERT2 mouse model to disrupt the Wnt transporter Wntless specifically in prostate stromal cells. RESULTS We showed that the prostate stromal cells are a major source of several Wnt ligands. Visium spatial gene expression analysis revealed a distinct spatial distribution of Wnt ligands in the prostatic glands. We also showed that Wnt signaling components are highly expressed in the stromal compartment of primary and advanced human prostate cancer. Blocking stromal Wnt secretion attenuated prostate epithelial proliferation and regeneration but did not affect cell survival and lineage maintenance. DISCUSSION Our study demonstrates a critical role of stroma-derived Wnt ligands in prostate development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | | | - Oh-Joon Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Justin Daho Lee
- Molecular Engineering Ph.D. Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Kevin Kong
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Ruth Dumpit
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Lawrence True
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Daniel W. Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
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13
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Crowley L, Shen MM. Heterogeneity and complexity of the prostate epithelium: New findings from single-cell RNA sequencing studies. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:108-114. [PMID: 34728312 PMCID: PMC8629925 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of single-cell RNA-sequencing technology has provided new fundamental insights into the heterogeneity of the prostate epithelium. Several independent studies have described extensive heterogeneity of the luminal epithelial compartment, including a major division between a novel population of luminal cells located in the proximal region of the prostate ducts versus luminal cells located more distally. Proximal luminal cells as well as novel periurethral cells display increased progenitor potential in organoid culture and tissue reconstitution assays, but not in lineage-tracing analyses during prostate homeostasis, suggesting context-dependent plasticity of these populations. Here we describe and synthesize recent findings regarding the epithelial cell populations in the mouse prostate, draw comparisons to the human prostate, and address the relevance of these findings to prostate diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael M. Shen
- Author for correspondence at: phone: (212) 851-4723; fax: (212) 851-4572;
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14
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Li W, Shen MM. Prostate cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity: Insights from studies of genetically-engineered mouse models. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 82:60-67. [PMID: 34147640 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although prostate adenocarcinoma lacks distinguishable histopathological subtypes, prostate cancer displays significant inter- and intratumor heterogeneity at the molecular level and with respect to disease prognosis and treatment response. In principle, understanding the basis for prostate cancer heterogeneity can help distinguish aggressive from indolent disease, and help overcome castration-resistance in advanced prostate cancer. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the cell types of origin, putative cancer stem cells, and tumor plasticity in prostate cancer, focusing on insights from studies of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). We will also outline future directions for investigating tumor heterogeneity using mouse models of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Li
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032 USA.
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15
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Li X, Azhati B, Wang W, Rexiati M, Xing C, Wang Y. Circular RNA UBAP2 promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer cells via the miR-1244/MAP3K2 axis. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:486. [PMID: 33968202 PMCID: PMC8100954 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common male malignant disease with a high incidence, which can seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The survival rate of patients with PCa has improved to 98.6%; however, new insights for the molecular mechanism are still urgently required. Circular RNA (circ)UBAP2 is a tumor-associated circRNA that has been demonstrated to promote the progression of various types of cancer. CircUBAP2 has been demonstrated to be significantly upregulated in PCa, but its role in the progression of PCa remains unclear. The present study aimed to provide an improved understanding of the regulatory mechanism of circUBAP2 in PCa. circUBAP2 expression was identified to be upregulated in four PCa cell lines and clinical tissues by using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. Binding sites analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that the microRNA(miR)-1244/MAP3K2 axis was the target of circUBAP2. Gain-of-function assays revealed that circUBAP2 promoted the proliferation of PCa cells by sponging miR-1244 and promoting the MAP3K2 axis. The present findings may be essential for providing new strategies in the diagnosis and targeted therapy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Baihetiya Azhati
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Mulati Rexiati
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
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16
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Bahmad HF, Jalloul M, Azar J, Moubarak MM, Samad TA, Mukherji D, Al-Sayegh M, Abou-Kheir W. Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer: Toward Identification of Novel Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:652747. [PMID: 33841508 PMCID: PMC8033163 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is by far the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Despite sensitivity to androgen deprivation, patients with advanced disease eventually develop resistance to therapy and may die of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A key challenge in the management of PCa is the clinical heterogeneity that is hard to predict using existing biomarkers. Defining molecular biomarkers for PCa that can reliably aid in diagnosis and distinguishing patients who require aggressive therapy from those who should avoid overtreatment is a significant unmet need. Mechanisms underlying the development of PCa are not confined to cancer epithelial cells, but also involve the tumor microenvironment. The crosstalk between epithelial cells and stroma in PCa has been shown to play an integral role in disease progression and metastasis. A number of key markers of reactive stroma has been identified including stem/progenitor cell markers, stromal-derived mediators of inflammation, regulators of angiogenesis, connective tissue growth factors, wingless homologs (Wnts), and integrins. Here, we provide a synopsis of the stromal-epithelial crosstalk in PCa focusing on the relevant molecular biomarkers pertaining to the tumor microenvironment and their role in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Jalloul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya M Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Abdul Samad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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17
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Sox2 is necessary for androgen ablation-induced neuroendocrine differentiation from Pten null Sca-1 + prostate luminal cells. Oncogene 2020; 40:203-214. [PMID: 33110232 PMCID: PMC7796948 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma undergoes neuroendocrine differentiation to acquire resistance toward anti-hormonal therapies. The underlying mechanisms have been investigated extensively, among which Sox2 has been shown to play a critical role. However, genetic evidence in mouse models for prostate cancer to support the crucial role of Sox2 is missing. The adult mouse prostate luminal cells contain both castration-resistant Sox2-expressing Sca-1+ cells and castration-responsive Sca-1− cells. We show that both types of the luminal cell are susceptible to oncogenic transformation induced by loss of function of the tumor suppressor Pten. The tumors derived from the Sca-1+ cells are predisposed to castration resistance and castration-induced neuroendocrine differentiation. Genetic ablation of Sox2 suppresses neuroendocrine differentiation but does not impact the castration resistant property. This study provides direct genetic evidence that Sox2 is necessary for androgen ablation-induced neuroendocrine differentiation of Pten null prostate adenocarcinoma, corroborates that the lineage status of the prostate cancer cells is a determinant for its propensity to exhibit lineage plasticity, and supports that the intrinsic features of cell-of-origin for prostate cancers can dictate their clinical behaviors.
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18
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Kyprianou N. Re: Regenerative Potential of Prostate Luminal Cells Revealed by Single-cell Analysis. Eur Urol 2020; 79:161-162. [PMID: 32943261 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Kyprianou
- Departments of Urology and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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19
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Crowley L, Cambuli F, Aparicio L, Shibata M, Robinson BD, Xuan S, Li W, Hibshoosh H, Loda M, Rabadan R, Shen MM. A single-cell atlas of the mouse and human prostate reveals heterogeneity and conservation of epithelial progenitors. eLife 2020; 9:e59465. [PMID: 32915138 PMCID: PMC7529463 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular constituents of the prostate is essential for identifying the cell of origin for prostate adenocarcinoma. Here, we describe a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the adult mouse prostate epithelium, which displays extensive heterogeneity. We observe distal lobe-specific luminal epithelial populations (LumA, LumD, LumL, and LumV), a proximally enriched luminal population (LumP) that is not lobe-specific, and a periurethral population (PrU) that shares both basal and luminal features. Functional analyses suggest that LumP and PrU cells have multipotent progenitor activity in organoid formation and tissue reconstitution assays. Furthermore, we show that mouse distal and proximal luminal cells are most similar to human acinar and ductal populations, that a PrU-like population is conserved between species, and that the mouse lateral prostate is most similar to the human peripheral zone. Our findings elucidate new prostate epithelial progenitors, and help resolve long-standing questions about anatomical relationships between the mouse and human prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Francesco Cambuli
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Luis Aparicio
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Maho Shibata
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Shouhong Xuan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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20
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Kwon OJ, Choi JM, Zhang L, Jia D, Li Z, Zhang Y, Jung SY, Creighton CJ, Xin L. The Sca-1 + and Sca-1 - mouse prostatic luminal cell lineages are independently sustained. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1479-1491. [PMID: 32627901 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of the mouse prostate epithelial cell lineages remains incompletely characterized. We show that the Sca-1+ luminal cells at the mouse proximal prostate express Sox2. These cells are replicative quiescent, castration resistant, and do not possess secretory function. We use the Probasin-CreERT2 and Sox2-CreERT2 models in concert with a fluorescent reporter line to label the Sca-1- and Sca-1+ luminal cells, respectively. By a lineage tracing approach, we show that the two luminal cell populations are independently sustained. Sox2 is dispensable for the maintenance of the Sca-1+ luminal cells but is essential for their facultative bipotent differentiation capacity. The Sca-1+ luminal cells share molecular features with the human TACSTD2+ luminal cells. This study corroborates the heterogeneity of the mouse prostate luminal cell lineage and shows that the adult mouse prostate luminal cell lineage is maintained by distinct cellular entities rather than a single progenitor population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Joon Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deyong Jia
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zhouyihan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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