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Lv Z, Gao W, Du Z, Zheng Y, Liu T, Hao C, Xue D. Alternative splicing of IRF3 plays an important role in the development of hepatocarcinoma. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2276371. [PMID: 37926963 PMCID: PMC10629432 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2276371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a process causing mRNA translation to produce different proteins, and it is crucial for the development of tumours. In this study, we constructed a prognostic model related to alternative splicing events in hepatocarcinoma using bioinformatics analysis, including the alternative splicing of CSAD, AFMID, ZDHHC16, and IRF3. The model is an independent prognostic factor and can accurately predict a patient's prognosis. IRF3 is a transcription factor related to the immune response. Its alternative splicing can affect the expression of various genes related to prognosis and plays an essential role in the tumour microenvironment. We also verified the expression of IRF3 exon skipping isoform in hepatocarcinoma at the mRNA level. In conclusion, we discovered that the alternative splicing of IRF3 is essential for the development of hepatocarcinoma. This study provides new insight into the development of treatments for hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Du
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chenjun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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2
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Song X, Li X, Ge Y, Song J, Wei Q, He M, Wei M, Zhang Y, Chen T, Zhao L. Alternative splicing events and function in the tumor microenvironment: New opportunities and challenges. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110718. [PMID: 37597404 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing controls gene expression at the transcriptional level, producing structurally and functionally distinct protein heterodimers. Aberrant alternative splicing greatly affects cell development and plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of many types of cancer. Recently, it has been shown that alternative splicing can alter the tumor microenvironment and regulate processes such as remodeling, immunity, and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. However, there is no comprehensive literature review of the complex relationship between alternative splicing and the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, this review aims to collect all the latest data on this topic and provide a new perspective on the therapeutic and potential prognostic markers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| | - Xuehao Li
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuexin Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| | - Yining Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
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3
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Yu X, Luo B, Lin J, Zhu Y. Alternative splicing event associated with immunological features in bladder cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:966088. [PMID: 36686818 PMCID: PMC9851621 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.966088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the most prevalent urinary tumor with few treatments. Alternative splicing (AS) is closely related to tumor development and tumor immune microenvironment. However, the comprehensive analysis of AS and prognosis and immunological features in BLCA is still lacking. In this study, we downloaded RNA-Seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and AS events were acquired from the TCGA Splice-seq. A total of eight prognostic AS events (C19orf57|47943|ES, ANK3|11845|AP, AK9|77203|AT, GRIK2|77096|AT, DYM|45472|ES, PTGER3|3415|AT, ACTG1|44120|RI, and TRMU|62711|AA) were identified by univariate analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to construct a risk score model. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the high-risk group had a worse prognosis compared with the low-risk group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) for this risk score model in 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.698, 0.742, and 0.772, respectively. One of the prognostic AS event-related genes, TRMU, was differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues in BLCA. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT algorithm showed that both the risk score model and TRMU were significantly associated with tumor immune microenvironment and immune status (immune cells, immune-related pathway, and immune checkpoint) in BLCA patients. The TIMER database confirmed the relationship between the expression of TRMU and immune cells and checkpoint genes. Furthermore, Cytoscape software 3.8.0 was used to construct the regulatory network between AS and splicing factors (SFs). Our study demonstrated that AS events were powerful biomarkers to predict the prognosis and immune status in BLCA, which may be potential therapeutic targets in BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Yu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bixian Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yu Zhu,
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4
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Zhang W, Li S, Li C, Li T, Huang Y. Remodeling tumor microenvironment with natural products to overcome drug resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1051998. [PMID: 36439106 PMCID: PMC9685561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With cancer incidence rates continuing to increase and occurrence of resistance in drug treatment, there is a pressing demand to find safer and more effective anticancer strategy for cancer patients. Natural products, have the advantage of low toxicity and multiple action targets, are always used in the treatment of cancer prevention in early stage and cancer supplement in late stage. Tumor microenvironment is necessary for cancer cells to survive and progression, and immune activation is a vital means for the tumor microenvironment to eliminate cancer cells. A number of studies have found that various natural products could target and regulate immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, mast cells as well as inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Natural products tuning the tumor microenvironment via various mechanisms to activate the immune response have immeasurable potential for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, it highlights the research findings related to natural products regulating immune responses against cancer, especially reveals the possibility of utilizing natural products to remodel the tumor microenvironment to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shubo Li
- Liaoning Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunting Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianye Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Bao G, Li T, Guan X, Yao Y, Liang J, Xiang Y, Zhong X. Development of a Prognostic Alternative Splicing Signature Associated With Tumor Microenvironment Immune Profiles in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880478. [PMID: 35832557 PMCID: PMC9271776 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative splicing (AS), a pivotal post-transcriptional process across more than 95% of human transcripts, is involved in transcript structural variations and protein complexity. Clinical implications of AS events and their interaction with tumor immunity were systematically analyzed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods Transcriptome profiling as well as AS data of LUAD were retrospectively curated. Then, the network of the overall survival (OS)-relevant AS events with splicing factors was established. After screening OS-relevant AS events, a LASSO prognostic model was conducted and evaluated with ROC curves. A nomogram that integrated independent prognostic indicators was created. Immune response and immune cell infiltration were estimated with ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA algorithms. Drug sensitivity was inferred with pRRophetic package. Results In total, 2415 OS-relevant AS events were identified across LUAD patients. The interaction network of splicing factors with OS-relevant AS events uncovered the underlying regulatory mechanisms of AS events in LUAD. Thereafter, a prognostic model containing 12 AS events was developed, which acted as a reliable and independent prognostic indicator following verification. A nomogram that constituted stage and risk score displayed great effectiveness in evaluating the survival likelihood. Moreover, the AS-based prognostic model was in relation to immune response and immune cell infiltration. Patients with a high-risk score displayed therapeutic superiority to cisplatin, erlotinib, gefitinib, and gemcitabine. Finally, three AS-relevant genes (CDKN2A, TTC39C, and PKIB) were identified as prognostic markers. Conclusion Collectively, our findings developed an AS event signature with powerful prognostic predictive efficacy in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Bao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojiao Guan
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifan Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Ye F, Liang Y, Cheng Z, Liu Y, Hu J, Li W, Chen X, Gao J, Jiang H. Immunological Characteristics of Alternative Splicing Profiles Related to Prognosis in Bladder Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911902. [PMID: 35769470 PMCID: PMC9234272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have found that pathological imbalance of alterative splicing (AS) events is associated with cancer susceptibility. carcinogenicity. Nevertheless, the relationship between heritable variation in AS events and carcinogenicity has not been extensively explored. Here, we downloaded AS event signatures, transcriptome profiles, and matched clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, identified the prognostic AS-related events via conducting the univariate Cox regression algorism. Subsequently, the prognostic AS-related events were further reduced by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression model, and employed for constructing the risk model. Single-sample (ssGSEA), ESTIMATE, and the CIBERSORT algorithms were conducted to evaluate tumor microenvironment status. CCK8, cell culture scratch, transwell invasion assays and flow cytometry were conducted to confirm the reliability of the model. We found 2751 prognostic-related AS events, and constructed a risk model with seven prognostic-related AS events. Compared with high-risk score patients, the overall survival rate of the patients with low-risk score was remarkably longer. Besides, we further found that risk score was also closely related to alterations in immune cell infiltration and immunotherapeutic molecules, indicating its potential as an observation of immune infiltration and clinical response to immunotherapy. In addition, the downstream target gene (DYM) could be a promising prognostic factor for bladder cancer. Our investigation provided an indispensable reference for ulteriorly exploring the role of AS events in the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy efficiency, and rendered personalized prognosis monitoring for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangdie Ye
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Liang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinan Chen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Gao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haowen Jiang,
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7
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Rekad Z, Izzi V, Lamba R, Ciais D, Van Obberghen-Schilling E. The Alternative Matrisome: alternative splicing of ECM proteins in development, homeostasis and tumor progression. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:26-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Yang M, Li WY, Xie J, Wang ZL, Wen YL, Zhao CC, Tao L, Li LF, Tian Y, Sheng J. Astragalin Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Human Colon Cancer HCT116 Cells by Regulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639256. [PMID: 33953676 PMCID: PMC8091521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalin is a flavonoid found in a variety of natural plants. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant effects and has inhibited effects against several malignant tumor cell types. However, its effects on colon cancer and the molecular mechanisms have remained to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of astragalin on proliferation and migration of human colon cancer HCT116 cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we elucidated the mechanism of these effects. The results showed that astragalin significantly inhibited the proliferation and diffusion of HCT116 cells by induced apoptosis (by modulation of Bax, Bcl-2, P53, caspase-3, caspase 6, caspase 7, caspase 8, caspase 9 protein express) and cell cycle arrest (by modulation of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, P21, P27, CDK2, CDK4 protein express). Moreover, astragalin suppressed HCT116 cell migration by inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9). In addition, astragalin significantly downregulated the expression of key proteins in the NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB P65 stimulated with inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, thereby inhibiting the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro. Our further investigations unveiled astragalin gavage significantly reduced the proliferation of colon cancer xenograft in nude mice, in vivo experiments showed that tumor growth was related to decreased expression of apoptotic proteins in tumor tissues and decreased activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, our results indicated that astragalin inhibits the proliferation and growth of colon cancer cells in vivo and in vitro via the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, astragalin maybe become a potential plant-derived antitumor drug for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Yun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Lin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Long Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cun-Chao Zhao
- National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling-Fei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center of Functional Food of Homologous of Drug and Food ,Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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9
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Lan M, Lu W, Zou T, Li L, Liu F, Cai T, Cai Y. Role of inflammatory microenvironment: potential implications for improved breast cancer nano-targeted therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2105-2129. [PMID: 33386887 PMCID: PMC11073202 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells, inflammatory cells and chemical factors work together to mediate complex signaling networks, which forms inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). The development of breast cancer is closely related to the functional activities of TME. This review introduces the origins of cancer-related chronic inflammation and the main constituents of inflammatory microenvironment. Inflammatory microenvironment plays an important role in breast cancer growth, metastasis, drug resistance and angiogenesis through multifactorial mechanisms. It is suggested that inflammatory microenvironment contributes to providing possible mechanisms of drug action and modes of drug transport for anti-cancer treatment. Nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) becomes a popular topic for optimizing the design of tumor targeting drugs. It is seen that with the development of therapeutic approaches, NDDS can be used to achieve drug-targeted delivery well across the biological barriers and into cells, resulting in superior bioavailability, drug dose reduction as well as off-target side effect elimination. This paper focuses on the review of modulation mechanisms of inflammatory microenvironment and combination with nano-targeted therapeutic strategies, providing a comprehensive basis for further research on breast cancer prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenping Lu
- Guang an'men Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tengteng Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lihong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fengjie Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tiange Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Cancer Research Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Lou S, Zhang J, Zhai Z, Yin X, Wang Y, Fang T, Xue Y. The landscape of alternative splicing reveals novel events associated with tumorigenesis and the immune microenvironment in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4317-4334. [PMID: 33428603 PMCID: PMC7906195 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS), contributing to vast protein diversity from a rather limited number of genes in eukaryotic transcripts, has emerged as an important signature for tumor initiation and progression. However, a systematic understanding of its functional impact and relevance to gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis is lacking. Differentially expressed AS (DEAS) was verified among GC-associated AS events based on RNA-seq profiles from the TCGA database. Functional enrichment analysis, unsupervised clustering analysis and prognostic models were used to infer the potential roles of DEAS events and their molecular, clinical and immune features. In total, 12,225 AS events were detected from 5,199 genes, among which 314 AS events were identified as DEAS events in GC. The parental genes of the DEAS events were significantly enriched in the regulation of GC-related processes. The splicing correlation network suggested a significant relationship between DEAS events and splicing factors (SFs). Three clusters of DEAS events were identified to be different in prognosis, cancer-specific signatures and immune features between distinct clusters. Univariate and multivariate analyses regarded 3 DEAS events as independent prognostic indicators. Profiling of the AS landscape in GC elucidated the functional roles of the splicing network in GC and might serve as a novel prognostic indicator and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Lou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhao Zhai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tianyi Fang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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11
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Kobayashi S, Hiwasa T, Ishige T, Kano M, Hoshino T, Rahmutulla B, Seimiya M, Shimada H, Nomura F, Matsubara H, Matsushita K. Anti-FIRΔexon2 autoantibody as a novel indicator for better overall survival in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:847-858. [PMID: 33306856 PMCID: PMC7894018 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no clinically available biomarker for efficiently indicating the overall survival or therapy response of gastric cancer (GC). The autoantibodies (Abs) in the sera of anti‐far‐upstream element‐binding protein‐interacting repressor‐lacking exon2 (FIRΔexon2), anti‐sorting nexin 15, and anti‐spermatogenesis and oogenesis–specific basic helix–loop–helix 1 were markedly higher in GC patients than in healthy donors (HDs). These Abs were identified by large‐scale serological identification of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning screenings and their expression levels were evaluated by amplified luminescence proximity homogeneous assay. In particular, compared with age‐matched HDs, the level of anti‐FIRΔexon2 Abs in GC patients was significantly higher (P < .001). The Spearman's rank correlation analysis between anti‐FIRΔexon2 Abs and clinically available tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was statistically insignificant, indicating that FIRΔexon2 Abs is an independent biomarker. We performed receiver‐operating curve analysis to evaluate the anti‐FIRΔexon2 Ab as a candidate biomarker with CEA and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9). The overall survival of GC patients with high anti‐FIRΔexon2 Abs titer was significantly favorable (P = .04) than that of GC patients who were below detection level of anti‐FIRΔexon2 Abs. However, clinical stages were not apparently correlated with the levels of anti‐FIRΔexon2 Ab, CEA, and CA19‐9. In conclusion, anti‐FIRΔexon2 Abs detected in GC patients is a potential biomarker for monitoring a better prognosis. Hence, anti‐FIRΔexon2 Abs is a promising biomarker for indicating better overall survival of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Division of Clinical Genetics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology & Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishige
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Division of Clinical Genetics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kano
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tyuji Hoshino
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bahityar Rahmutulla
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Seimiya
- Department of Medical Technology & Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Nomura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Division of Clinical Genetics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Division of Clinical Genetics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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