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Smith MM, Melrose J. Lumican, a Multifunctional Cell Instructive Biomarker Proteoglycan Has Novel Roles as a Marker of the Hypercoagulative State of Long Covid Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2825. [PMID: 38474072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study has reviewed the many roles of lumican as a biomarker of tissue pathology in health and disease. Lumican is a structure regulatory proteoglycan of collagen-rich tissues, with cell instructive properties through interactions with a number of cell surface receptors in tissue repair, thereby regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and the innate and humoral immune systems to combat infection. The exponential increase in publications in the last decade dealing with lumican testify to its role as a pleiotropic biomarker regulatory protein. Recent findings show lumican has novel roles as a biomarker of the hypercoagulative state that occurs in SARS CoV-2 infections; thus, it may also prove useful in the delineation of the complex tissue changes that characterize COVID-19 disease. Lumican may be useful as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of long COVID disease and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Arthropharm Pty Ltd., Bondi Junction, NSW 2022, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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HS, an Ancient Molecular Recognition and Information Storage Glycosaminoglycan, Equips HS-Proteoglycans with Diverse Matrix and Cell-Interactive Properties Operative in Tissue Development and Tissue Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021148. [PMID: 36674659 PMCID: PMC9867265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is a ubiquitous, variably sulfated interactive glycosaminoglycan that consists of repeating disaccharides of glucuronic acid and glucosamine that are subject to a number of modifications (acetylation, de-acetylation, epimerization, sulfation). Variable heparan sulfate chain lengths and sequences within the heparan sulfate chains provide structural diversity generating interactive oligosaccharide binding motifs with a diverse range of extracellular ligands and cellular receptors providing instructional cues over cellular behaviour and tissue homeostasis through the regulation of essential physiological processes in development, health, and disease. heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate-PGs are integral components of the specialized glycocalyx surrounding cells. Heparan sulfate is the most heterogeneous glycosaminoglycan, in terms of its sequence and biosynthetic modifications making it a difficult molecule to fully characterize, multiple ligands also make an elucidation of heparan sulfate functional properties complicated. Spatio-temporal presentation of heparan sulfate sulfate groups is an important functional determinant in tissue development and in cellular control of wound healing and extracellular remodelling in pathological tissues. The regulatory properties of heparan sulfate are mediated via interactions with chemokines, chemokine receptors, growth factors and morphogens in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, tissue remodelling, wound healing, immune regulation, inflammation, and tumour development. A greater understanding of these HS interactive processes will improve therapeutic procedures and prognoses. Advances in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and sequencing, computational analytical carbohydrate algorithms and advanced software for the evaluation of molecular docking of heparan sulfate with its molecular partners are now available. These advanced analytic techniques and artificial intelligence offer predictive capability in the elucidation of heparan sulfate conformational effects on heparan sulfate-ligand interactions significantly aiding heparan sulfate therapeutics development.
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Tudu M, Samanta A. Natural polysaccharides: Chemical properties and application in pharmaceutical formulations. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Importance of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Pancreatic Islets and β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012082. [PMID: 36292936 PMCID: PMC9603760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas secrete insulin in response to the glucose concentration in the blood. When these pancreatic β-cells are damaged, diabetes develops through glucose intolerance caused by insufficient insulin secretion. High molecular weight polysaccharides, such as heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, and HS-degrading enzymes, such as heparinase, participate in the protection, maintenance, and enhancement of the functions of pancreatic islets and β-cells, and the demand for studies on glycobiology within the field of diabetes research has increased. This review introduces the roles of complex glycoconjugates containing high molecular weight polysaccharides and their degrading enzymes in pancreatic islets and β-cells, including those obtained in studies conducted by us earlier. In addition, from the perspective of glycobiology, this study proposes the possibility of application to diabetes medicine.
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Chen TJ, Hsu BH, Lee SW, Yang CC, Tian YF, Kuo YH, Li WS, Tsai HH, Wu LC, Yeh CF, Chou CL, Lai HY. Overexpression of Dehydrogenase/Reductase 9 Predicts Poor Response to Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Poor Prognosis in Rectal Cancer Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610537. [PMID: 36277959 PMCID: PMC9582124 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To reduce the risk of locoregional recurrence, the addition of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is recommended before surgical management for rectal cancer patients. However, despite identical tumor histology, individual patient response to neoadjuvant CCRT varies greatly. Accordingly, a comprehensive molecular characterization that is used to predict CCRT efficacy is instantly needed. Methods: Pearson’s chi-squared test was utilized to correlate dehydrogenase/reductase 9 (DHRS9) expression with clinicopathological features. Survival curves were created applying the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was conducted to compare prognostic utility between high and low DHRS9 expression groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was applied to identify independent prognostic biomarkers based on variables with prognostic utility at the univariate level. Results: Utilizing a public transcriptome dataset, we identified that the DHRS9 gene is the most considerably upregulated gene related to epithelial cell differentiation (GO: 0030855) among rectal cancer patients with CCRT resistance. Employing immunohistochemical staining, we also demonstrated that high DHRS9 immunoexpression is considerably associated with an aggressive clinical course and CCRT resistance in our rectal cancer cohort. Among all variables with prognostic utility at the univariate level, only high DHRS9 immunoexpression was independently unfavorably prognostic of all three endpoints (all p ≤ 0.048) in the multivariate analysis. In addition, applying bioinformatic analysis, we also linked DHRS9 with unrevealed functions, such as keratan sulfate and mucin synthesis which may be implicated in CCRT resistance. Conclusion: Altogether, DHRS9 expression may serve as a helpful predictive and prognostic biomarker and assist decision-making for rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant CCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ju Chen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bei-Hao Hsu
- Department of General Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Wei Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Kuo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Shan Li
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hwa Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Trans-Omic Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Center, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Trans-Omic Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Center, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fa Yeh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Environment Engineering and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chou
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chia-Lin Chou, ; Hong-Yue Lai,
| | - Hong-Yue Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Trans-Omic Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Center, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chia-Lin Chou, ; Hong-Yue Lai,
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Noborn F, Nilsson J, Larson G. Site-specific glycosylation of proteoglycans: a revisited frontier in proteoglycan research. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:289-306. [PMID: 35840015 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs), a class of carbohydrate-modified proteins, are present in essentially all metazoan organisms investigated to date. PGs are composed of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to various core proteins and are important for embryogenesis and normal homeostasis. PGs exert many of their functions via their GAG chains and understanding the details of GAG-ligand interactions has been an essential part of PG research. Although PGs are also involved in many diseases, the number of GAG-related drugs used in the clinic is yet very limited, indicating a lack of detailed structure-function understanding. Structural analysis of PGs has traditionally been obtained by first separating the GAG chains from the core proteins, after which the two components are analyzed separately. While this strategy greatly facilitates the analysis, it precludes site-specific information and introduces either a "GAG" or a "core protein" perspective on the data interpretation. Mass-spectrometric (MS) glycoproteomic approaches have recently been introduced, providing site-specific information on PGs. Such methods have revealed a previously unknown structural complexity of the GAG linkage regions and resulted in identification of several novel CSPGs and HSPGs in humans and in model organisms, thereby expanding our view on PG complexity. In light of these findings, we discuss here if the use of such MS-based techniques, in combination with various functional assays, can also be used to expand our functional understanding of PGs. We have also summarized the site-specific information of all human PGs known to date, providing a theoretical framework for future studies on site-specific functional analysis of PGs in human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Noborn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sundsvall County Hospital, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tsidulko AY, Shevelev OB, Khotskina AS, Kolpakova MA, Suhovskih AV, Kazanskaya GM, Volkov AM, Aidagulova SV, Zavyalov EL, Grigorieva EV. Chemotherapy-Induced Degradation of Glycosylated Components of the Brain Extracellular Matrix Promotes Glioblastoma Relapse Development in an Animal Model. Front Oncol 2021; 11:713139. [PMID: 34350124 PMCID: PMC8327169 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.713139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is an intrinsic part of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy targeted to eliminate residual GBM cells. Despite the intensive treatment, a GBM relapse develops in the majority of cases resulting in poor outcome of the disease. Here, we investigated off-target negative effects of the systemic chemotherapy on glycosylated components of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) and their functional significance. Using an elaborated GBM relapse animal model, we demonstrated that healthy brain tissue resists GBM cell proliferation and invasion, thereby restricting tumor development. TMZ-induced [especially in combination with dexamethasone (DXM)] changes in composition and content of brain ECM proteoglycans (PGs) resulted in the accelerated adhesion, proliferation, and invasion of GBM cells into brain organotypic slices ex vivo and more active growth and invasion of experimental xenograft GBM tumors in SCID mouse brain in vivo. These changes occurred both at core proteins and polysaccharide chain levels, and degradation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) was identified as a key event responsible for the observed functional effects. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that chemotherapy-induced changes in glycosylated components of brain ECM can impact the fate of residual GBM cells and GBM relapse development. ECM-targeted supportive therapy might be a useful strategy to mitigate the negative off-target effects of the adjuvant GBM treatment and increase the relapse-free survival of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Tsidulko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg B Shevelev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna S Khotskina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mariia A Kolpakova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Suhovskih
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina M Kazanskaya
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander M Volkov
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Aidagulova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenii L Zavyalov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elvira V Grigorieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Fang R, Iqbal M, Chen L, Liao J, Luo J, Wei F, Wen W, Sun W. A novel comprehensive immune-related gene signature as a promising survival predictor for the patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11507-11527. [PMID: 33867351 PMCID: PMC8109104 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most frequent subtype of head and neck cancer, continues to have a poor prognosis with no improvement. The TNM stage is not satisfactory for individualized prognostic assessment and it does not predict response to therapy. In the present study, we downloaded the gene expression profiles from TCGA database to establish a training set and GEO database for a validation set. In the training set, we developed an 10 immune-related genes signature which had superior predictive value compared with TNM stage. A nomogram including clinical characteristics was also constructed for accurate prediction. Furthermore, it was determined that our prognostic signature might act as an independent factor for predicting the survival of HNSCC patients. As for the immune microenvironment, our results showed higher immune checkpoint expression (CLTA-4 and PD-1) in low-risk group which might reflect a positive immunotherapy response. Thus, our signature not only provided a promising biomarker for survival prediction, but might be evaluated as an indicator for personalized immunotherapy in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liao
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jierong Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fanqin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
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