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Alshammari MK, Alghazwni MK, Alharbi AS, Alqurashi GG, Kamal M, Alnufaie SR, Alshammari SS, Alshehri BA, Tayeb RH, Bougeis RJM, Aljehani AA, Alotaibi NM, Abida A, Imran M. Nanoplatform for the Delivery of Topotecan in the Cancer Milieu: An Appraisal of its Therapeutic Efficacy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010065. [PMID: 36612067 PMCID: PMC9817931 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been the predominant treatment modality for cancer patients, but its overall performance is still modest. Difficulty in penetration of tumor tissues, a toxic profile in high doses, multidrug resistance in an array of tumor types, and the differential architecture of tumor cells as they grow are some of the bottlenecks associated with the clinical usage of chemotherapeutics. Recent advances in tumor biology understanding and the emergence of novel targeted drug delivery tools leveraging various nanosystems offer hope for developing effective cancer treatments. Topotecan is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that stabilizes the transient TOPO I-DNA cleavable complex, leading to single-stranded breaks in DNA. Due to its novel mechanism of action, TOPO is reported to be active against various carcinomas, namely small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. Issues of cross-resistance with numerous drugs, rapid conversion to its inactive form in biological systems, appended adverse effects, and higher water solubility limit its therapeutic efficacy in clinical settings. Topotecan nanoformulations offer several benefits for enhancing the therapeutic action of this significant class of chemotherapeutics. The likelihood that the target cancer cells will be exposed to the chemotherapeutic drug while in the drug-sensitive s-phase is increased due to the slow and sustained release of the chemotherapeutic, which could provide for a sustained duration of exposure of the target cancer cells to the bioavailable drug and result in the desired therapeutic outcome. This article explores nanoenabled active and passive targeting strategies and combinatorial therapy employing topotecan to ameliorate various cancers, along with a glimpse of the clinical studies utilizing the said molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kanan Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.K.A.); (M.I.)
| | | | - Abrar Saleh Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Mecca 24246, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Rahim Alnufaie
- Department of Infection Control, Riyadh Third Health Cluster, Riyadh 13223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Sayer Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Dawaa Medical Services, Jubail 35412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Ali Alshehri
- Laboratory Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Hatem Tayeb
- Laboratory Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alaa Adel Aljehani
- Laboratory Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf M. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abida Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.K.A.); (M.I.)
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Camptothecin loaded nano-delivery systems in the cancer therapeutic domains: A critical examination of the literature. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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