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Chen P, Shen J. A Disulfidptosis-Related Gene Signature Associated with Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Osteosarcoma. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1121. [PMID: 37892851 PMCID: PMC10603950 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) stands as a leading aggressive bone malignancy that primarily affects children and adolescents worldwide. A recently identified form of programmed cell death, termed Disulfidptosis, may have implications for cancer progression. Yet, its role in OS remains elusive. To elucidate this, we undertook a thorough examination of Disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) within OS. This involved parsing expression data, clinical attributes, and survival metrics from the TARGET and GEO databases. Our analysis unveiled a pronounced association between the expression of specific DRGs, particularly MYH9 and LRPPRC, and OS outcome. Subsequent to this, we crafted a risk model and a nomogram, both honed for precise prognostication of OS prognosis. Intriguingly, risks associated with DRGs strongly resonated with immune cell infiltration levels, myriad immune checkpoints, genes tethered to immunotherapy, and sensitivities to systematic treatments. To conclude, our study posits that DRGs, especially MYH9 and LRPPRC, hold potential as pivotal architects of the tumor immune milieu in OS. Moreover, they may offer predictive insights into treatment responses and serve as reliable prognostic markers for those diagnosed with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingnan Shen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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2
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Wang F, Yang K, Pan R, Xiang Y, Xiong Z, Li P, Li K, Sun H. A glycometabolic gene signature associating with immune infiltration and chemosensitivity and predicting the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1115759. [PMID: 37293295 PMCID: PMC10244582 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1115759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has suggested that glycometabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tumorigenesis. However, few studies have investigated the prognostic values of glycometabolic genes in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). This study aimed to recognize and establish a glycometabolic gene signature to forecast the prognosis, and provide therapeutic options for patients with OS. Methods Univariate and multivariate Cox regression, LASSO Cox regression, overall survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve, and nomogram were adopted to develop the glycometabolic gene signature, and further evaluate the prognostic values of this signature. Functional analyses including Gene Ontology (GO), kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of OS and the correlation between immune infiltration and gene signature. Moreover, these prognostic genes were further validated by immunohistochemical staining. Results A total of four genes including PRKACB, SEPHS2, GPX7, and PFKFB3 were identified for constructing a glycometabolic gene signature which had a favorable performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with OS. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Functional analyses indicated that multiple immune associated biological processes and pathways were enriched in the low-risk group, while 26 immunocytes were down-regulated in the high-risk group. The patients in high-risk group showed elevated sensitivity to doxorubicin. Furthermore, these prognostic genes could directly or indirectly interact with other 50 genes. A ceRNA regulatory network based on these prognostic genes was also constructed. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that SEPHS2, GPX7, and PFKFB3 were differentially expressed between OS tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Conclusion The preset study constructed and validated a novel glycometabolic gene signature which could predict the prognosis of patients with OS, identify the degree of immune infiltration in tumor microenvironment, and provide guidance for the selection of chemotherapeutic drugs. These findings may shed new light on the investigation of molecular mechanisms and comprehensive treatments for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Runsang Pan
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhilin Xiong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pinhao Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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3
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Beird HC, Bielack SS, Flanagan AM, Gill J, Heymann D, Janeway KA, Livingston JA, Roberts RD, Strauss SJ, Gorlick R. Osteosarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:77. [PMID: 36481668 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of the bone. Osteosarcoma incidence is bimodal, peaking at 18 and 60 years of age, and is slightly more common in males. The key pathophysiological mechanism involves several possible genetic drivers of disease linked to bone formation, causing malignant progression and metastasis. While there have been significant improvements in the outcome of patients with localized disease, with event-free survival outcomes exceeding 60%, in patients with metastatic disease, event-free survival outcomes remain poor at less than 30%. The suspicion of osteosarcoma based on radiographs still requires pathological evaluation of a bone biopsy specimen for definitive diagnosis and CT imaging of the chest should be performed to identify lung nodules. So far, population-based screening and surveillance strategies have not been implemented due to the rarity of osteosarcoma and the lack of reliable markers. Current screening focuses only on groups at high risk such as patients with genetic cancer predisposition syndromes. Management of osteosarcoma requires a multidisciplinary team of paediatric and medical oncologists, orthopaedic and general surgeons, pathologists, radiologists and specialist nurses. Survivors of osteosarcoma require specialized medical follow-up, as curative treatment consisting of chemotherapy and surgery has long-term adverse effects, which also affect the quality of life of patients. The development of osteosarcoma model systems and related research as well as the evaluation of new treatment approaches are ongoing to improve disease outcomes, especially for patients with metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Beird
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefan S Bielack
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Klinikum Stuttgart - Olgahospital, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Gill
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, UMR6286, US2B, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Andrew Livingston
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan D Roberts
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandra J Strauss
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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4
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Yang W, Wu H, Tong L, Wang Y, Guo Q, Xu L, Yan H, Yin C, Sun Z. A cuproptosis-related genes signature associated with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1015094. [PMID: 36276092 PMCID: PMC9582135 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1015094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most prevalent primary bone tumors at all ages of human development. The objective of our study was to develop a model of Cuproptosis-Related Genes (CRGs) for predicting prognosis in OS patients. All datasets of OS patients were obtained from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We obtained the gene set (81 CRGs) related to cuproptosis by accessing the database and previous literature. All the CRGs were analyzed by univariate COX regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) COX regression analysis to screen for CRGs associated with prognosis in OS patients. Then these CRGs were used to construct a prognostic signature, which was further verified by independent cohort (GSE21257) and clinical correlation analysis. Afterward, to identify underlying mechanisms, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used for the high-risk group by using the GSEA method. The association between the prognostic signature and 28 types of immune infiltrating cells in the tumor microenvironment was assessed. Ultimately, Lipoic Acid Synthetase (LIAS) (HR=0.632, P=0.004), Lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1) (HR=0.524, P=0.011), BCL2 Like 1 (BCL2L1/BCL-XL) (HR=0.593, P=0.022), and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1 (PDK1) (HR=0.662, P=0.025) were identified. Subsequently, they were used to calculate the risk score and build a prognostic model. In the training cohort, risk score (HR=1.878, P=0.003) could be considered as an independent prognostic factor, and OS patients with high-risk scores showed lower survival rates. Biological pathways related to substance metabolism and transport were enriched. There were significant differences in immune infiltrating cells in the tumor microenvironment. All in all, The CRGs signature is related to the tumor immune microenvironment and could be used as a credible predictor of the prognostic status in OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Yang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linjian Tong
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Yan, ; Chengliang Yin, ; Zhiming Sun,
| | - Chengliang Yin
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Yan, ; Chengliang Yin, ; Zhiming Sun,
| | - Zhiming Sun
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Yan, ; Chengliang Yin, ; Zhiming Sun,
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5
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Lu X, Liu M, Yang J, Yi Q, Zhang X. Panobinostat enhances NK cell cytotoxicity in soft tissue sarcoma. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:127-139. [PMID: 35867577 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is a rare and heterogeneous class of mesenchymal malignancies with poor prognosis. Panobinostat (LBH589) as one of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in patients with sarcoma, but its mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we found that LBH589 alone inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of soft tissue sarcoma(STS) cell lines. Transcriptome analysis showed that treatment with LBH589 augmented the NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. Quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometric analysis (FACS) further confirmed that LBH589 increased the expression of NKG2D ligands MICA/MICB. Mechanistically, LBH589 activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by upregulating the histone acetylation in β-catenin promoter. In vitro co-culture experiments and in vivo animal experiments showed that LBH589 increased the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells while Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor decreased the effects. Our findings suggests that LBH589 facilitates the anti-tumor effect of NK cells, highlights LBH589 an effective assistance drug in NK cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Lu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Que Yi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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Razmara AM, Judge SJ, Gingrich AA, Cruz SM, Culp WTN, Kent MS, Rebhun RB, Canter RJ. Natural Killer and T Cell Infiltration in Canine Osteosarcoma: Clinical Implications and Translational Relevance. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:771737. [PMID: 34869744 PMCID: PMC8635198 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.771737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic osteosarcoma has a bleak prognosis in both humans and dogs, and there have been minimal therapeutic advances in recent decades to improve outcomes. Naturally occurring osteosarcoma in dogs is shown to be a highly suitable model for human osteosarcoma, and limited data suggest the similarities between species extend into immune responses to cancer. Studies show that immune infiltrates in canine osteosarcoma resemble those of human osteosarcoma, and the analysis of tumor immune constituents as predictors of therapeutic response is a promising direction for future research. Additionally, clinical studies in dogs have piloted the use of NK transfer to treat osteosarcoma and can serve as valuable precursors to clinical trials in humans. Cytotoxic lymphocytes in dogs and humans with osteosarcoma have increased activation and exhaustion markers within tumors compared with blood. Accordingly, NK and T cells have complex interactions among cancer cells and other immune cells, which can lead to changes in pathways that work both for and against the tumor. Studies focused on NK and T cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment can open the door to targeted therapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors. Specifically, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint expression is conserved across tumors in both species, but further characterization of PD-L1 in canine osteosarcoma is needed to assess its prognostic significance compared with humans. Ultimately, a comparative understanding of T and NK cells in the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment in both dogs and humans can be a platform for translational studies that improve outcomes in both dogs and humans with this frequently aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryana M Razmara
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sean J Judge
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alicia A Gingrich
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sylvia M Cruz
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - William T N Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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7
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Kisseberth WC, Lee DA. Adoptive Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy for Canine Osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:672361. [PMID: 34164452 PMCID: PMC8215197 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.672361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in both humans and dogs. It is a highly metastatic cancer and therapy has not improved significantly since the inclusion of adjuvant chemotherapy into disease treatment strategies. Osteosarcoma is an immunogenic tumor, and thus development of immunotherapies for its treatment, especially treatment of microscopic pulmonary metastases might improve outcomes. NK cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system and can recognize a variety of stressed cells, including cancer cells, in the absence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted receptor ligand interactions. NK cells have a role in controlling tumor progression and metastasis and are important mediators of different therapeutic interventions. The core hypothesis of adoptive natural killer (NK) cell therapy is there exists a natural defect in innate immunity (a combination of cancer-induced reduction in NK cell numbers and immunosuppressive mechanisms resulting in suppressed function) that can be restored by adoptive transfer of NK cells. Here, we review the rationale for adoptive NK cell immunotherapy, NK cell biology, TGFβ and the immunosuppressive microenvironment in osteosarcoma, manufacturing of ex vivo expanded NK cells for the dog and provide perspective on the present and future clinical applications of adoptive NK cell immunotherapy in spontaneous osteosarcoma and other cancers in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dean A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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8
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Zhang GZ, Wu ZL, Li CY, Ren EH, Yuan WH, Deng YJ, Xie QQ. Development of a Machine Learning-Based Autophagy-Related lncRNA Signature to Improve Prognosis Prediction in Osteosarcoma Patients. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:615084. [PMID: 34095215 PMCID: PMC8176230 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.615084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is a frequent bone malignancy in children and young adults. Despite the availability of some prognostic biomarkers, most of them fail to accurately predict prognosis in osteosarcoma patients. In this study, we used bioinformatics tools and machine learning algorithms to establish an autophagy-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signature to predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. Methods We obtained expression and clinical data from osteosarcoma patients in the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We acquired an autophagy gene list from the Human Autophagy Database (HADb) and identified autophagy-related lncRNAs by co-expression analyses. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the autophagy-related lncRNAs were conducted. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of the autophagy-related lncRNA signature and validate the relationship between the signature and osteosarcoma patient survival in an independent cohort. We also investigated the relationship between the signature and immune cell infiltration. Results We initially identified 69 autophagy-related lncRNAs, 13 of which were significant predictors of overall survival in osteosarcoma patients. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that the 13 autophagy-related lncRNAs could stratify patients based on their outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses confirmed the superior prognostic value of the lncRNA signature compared to clinically used prognostic biomarkers. Importantly, the autophagy-related lncRNA signature predicted patient prognosis independently of clinicopathological characteristics. Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of the autophagy-related lncRNA signature were significantly associated with the infiltration levels of different immune cell subsets, including T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells. Conclusion The autophagy-related lncRNA signature established here is an independent and robust predictor of osteosarcoma patient survival. Our findings also suggest that the expression of these 13 autophagy-related lncRNAs may promote osteosarcoma progression by regulating immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Lintao County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Gansu Province, Lintao, China
| | - Zuo-Long Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ying Li
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - En-Hui Ren
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Xining First People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Wen-Hua Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Deng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi-Qi Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Prospects for NK Cell Therapy of Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123719. [PMID: 33322371 PMCID: PMC7763692 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sarcomas are a group of aggressive tumors originating from mesenchymal tissues. Patients with advanced disease have poor prognosis due to the ineffectiveness of current treatment protocols. A subset of lymphocytes called natural killer (NK) cells is capable of effective surveillance and clearance of sarcomas, constituting a promising tool for immunotherapeutic treatment. However, sarcomas can cause impairment in NK cell function, associated with enhanced tumor growth and dissemination. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of sarcoma-mediated suppression of NK cells and their implications for the design of novel NK cell-based immunotherapies against sarcoma. Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells with potent antitumor activity. One of the most NK cell cytotoxicity-sensitive tumor types is sarcoma, an aggressive mesenchyme-derived neoplasm. While a combination of radical surgery and radio- and chemotherapy can successfully control local disease, patients with advanced sarcomas remain refractory to current treatment regimens, calling for novel therapeutic strategies. There is accumulating evidence for NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance of sarcoma cells during all stages of the disease, highlighting the potential of using NK cells as a therapeutic tool. However, sarcomas display multiple immunoevasion mechanisms that can suppress NK cell function leading to an uncontrolled tumor outgrowth. Here, we review the current evidence for NK cells’ role in immune surveillance of sarcoma during disease initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis, as well as the molecular mechanisms behind sarcoma-mediated NK cell suppression. Further, we apply this basic understanding of NK–sarcoma crosstalk in order to identify and summarize the most promising candidates for NK cell-based sarcoma immunotherapy.
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