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Hong Y, Xu L, Yu X, He Y, Du Y. DLK1 regulates periodontal inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB p65 and JNK signaling pathways. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00979-1. [PMID: 38995322 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The roles and molecular mechanisms of Delta-like 1 (DLK1) in periodontitis remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the expression of DLK1 and NF-κB p65 in Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg.)-induced periodontitis in vivo. Periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption were analyzed using western blotting, micro-computed tomography, TRAP staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Raw246.7 cells were stimulated with 1 μg/ml Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg.LPS) to assess DLK1 expression in vitro. DLK1 overexpression was achieved, and transfection efficiency was confirmed using western blotting and immunofluorescence. The NF-κB and MAPK pathways were activated by treating cells with 1 μg/ml Pg.LPS to explore related mechanisms. Compared with normal tissues, both DLK1 and NF-κB p65 expression increased in periodontitis gingival tissues. DLK1-positive expression was observed in inflammatory infiltrating cells and osteoclasts in the marginal lacunae of the alveolar bone. DLK1 expression in CD68-positive macrophages was detected by immunofluorescence. However, DLK1 expression in Raw246.7 cells decreased after Pg.LPS stimulation and during osteoclast differentiation. DLK1 levels negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-1β, and NFATC1. Increased DLK1 in Raw246.7 cells further inhibited COX2 and iNOS expressions. Mechanistically, DLK1 overexpression down-regulated NF-κB p65 and JNK levels. In summary, these findings suggest that DLK1 overexpression inhibits periodontal inflammation through the NF-κB p65 and JNK pathways. Interventions targeting increased DLK1 levels may have therapeutic implications for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Hong
- Denture Machining Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xijiao Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanyan He
- Department of Endodontics, Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yanmei Du
- Oral Implantology, Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Oral Medicine, Jinan Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong Province, China.
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Bai Y, Xie P, Jin Z, Qin S, Ma G. Leveraging genetics to investigate causal effects of immune cell phenotypes in periodontitis: a mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2024; 15:1382270. [PMID: 38974387 PMCID: PMC11224148 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1382270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune cells are dynamic in the inflammatory environment and play a key role in eradicating periodontal pathogens, modulating immune responses, and instigating tissue destruction. Identifying specific immune cell phenotypes associated with periodontitis risk is essential for targeted immunotherapeutic interventions. However, the role of certain specific immune cell phenotypes in the development of periodontitis is unknown. Mendelian randomization offers a novel approach to reveal causality and address potential confounding factors through genetic instruments. Methods This two-sample Mendelian randomization study assessed the causal relationship between 731 immune cell phenotypes and periodontitis using the inverse variance weighting method with the GWAS catalog genetic database. Methodological robustness was ensured through Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, and Leave-One-Out analysis. Results 14 immune cell phenotypes showed potential positive causal associations with periodontitis risk (p < 0.05), suggesting an increased risk, while 11 immune cell phenotypes exhibited potential negative causal associations (p < 0.05), indicating a reduced risk. No significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy was observed. Conclusion This study underscores certain immune cell types as potential periodontitis risk biomarkers, laying a theoretical foundation for future individualized treatment and precision medicine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Bai
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengxian Xie
- School of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ziyu Jin
- International Business College, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China
| | - Shengao Qin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guowu Ma
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated School of Stomatology of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Li Y, Li X, Guo D, Meng L, Feng X, Zhang Y, Pan S. Immune dysregulation and macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1291880. [PMID: 38347915 PMCID: PMC10859439 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1291880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "peri-implantitis" (peri-implantitis) refers to an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa surrounding an endosseous implant and a progressive loss of the peri-implant bone that supports the implant. Recently, it has been suggested that the increased sensitivity of implants to infection and the quick elimination of supporting tissue after infection may be caused by a dysregulated peri-implant mucosal immune response. Macrophages are polarized in response to environmental signals and play multiple roles in peri-implantitis. In peri-implantitis lesion samples, recent investigations have discovered a considerable increase in M1 type macrophages, with M1 type macrophages contributing to the pro-inflammatory response brought on by bacteria, whereas M2 type macrophages contribute to inflammation remission and tissue repair. In an effort to better understand the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis and suggest potential immunomodulatory treatments for peri-implantitis in the direction of macrophage polarization patterns, this review summarizes the research findings related to macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis and compares them with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Lingwei Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Feng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxia Pan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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Li J, Wang Y, Tang M, Zhang C, Fei Y, Li M, Li M, Gui S, Guo J. New insights into nanotherapeutics for periodontitis: a triple concerto of antimicrobial activity, immunomodulation and periodontium regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:19. [PMID: 38178140 PMCID: PMC10768271 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the local microbiome and the host immune response, resulting in periodontal structure damage and even tooth loss. Scaling and root planning combined with antibiotics are the conventional means of nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis, but they are insufficient to fully heal periodontitis due to intractable bacterial attachment and drug resistance. Novel and effective therapeutic options in clinical drug therapy remain scarce. Nanotherapeutics achieve stable cell targeting, oral retention and smart release by great flexibility in changing the chemical composition or physical characteristics of nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the protectiveness and high surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles enable high drug loading, ensuring a remarkable therapeutic efficacy. Currently, the combination of advanced nanoparticles and novel therapeutic strategies is the most active research area in periodontitis treatment. In this review, we first introduce the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and then summarize the state-of-the-art nanotherapeutic strategies based on the triple concerto of antibacterial activity, immunomodulation and periodontium regeneration, particularly focusing on the therapeutic mechanism and ingenious design of nanomedicines. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nano therapy for periodontitis are discussed from the perspective of current treatment problems and future development trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Maomao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Yachen Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
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Jiang H, Ni J, Hu L, Xiang Z, Zeng J, Shi J, Chen Q, Li W. Resveratrol May Reduce the Degree of Periodontitis by Regulating ERK Pathway in Gingival-Derived MSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11294. [PMID: 37511053 PMCID: PMC10378998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have strong self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties and are expected to be applied in anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration. However, achieving the goal of using endogenous stem cells to treat diseases and even regenerate tissues remains a challenge. Resveratrol is a natural compound with multiple biological activities that can regulate stem cell immunomodulation when acting on them. This study found that resveratrol can reduce inflammation in human gingival tissue and upregulate the stemness of GMSCs in human gingiva. In cell experiments, it was found that resveratrol can reduce the expression of TLR4, TNFα, and NFκB and activate ERK/Wnt crosstalk, thereby alleviating inflammation, promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability of GMSCs, and enhancing their immunomodulation. These results provide a new theoretical basis for the application of resveratrol to activate endogenous stem cells in the treatment of diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jia Ni
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Longshuang Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zichao Xiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wen Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Shi Y, Zhang R, Da N, Wang Y, Yang J, Li B, He X. Aspirin loaded extracellular vesicles inhibit inflammation of macrophages via switching metabolic phenotype in periodontitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 667:25-33. [PMID: 37207561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes of macrophage in the local immune microenvironment of periodontitis cause alveolar bone resorption. This study aims to investigate the effect of a new drug delivery method of aspirin on the immune microenvironment of periodontitis to promote alveolar bone repair, and to explore mechanism of aspirin's effect on macrophage. METHODS We isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) from periodontal stem cells (PDLSCs) and loaded with aspirin by sonication, and then evaluated the treatment efficacy of aspirin-loaded vesicles (EVs-ASP) in periodontitis model in mice. In vitro, we explored the role of EVs-ASP in the regulation of LPS-induced macrophages. The underlying mechanism by which EVs-ASP regulates phenotypic remodeling of macrophages in periodontitis was further investigated. RESULTS EVs-ASP inhibited the inflammatory environment of LPS-induced macrophage, and promoted anti-inflammatory macrophages formation both in vivo and in vitro, and reduced bone loss in periodontitis models. Moreover, EVs-ASP enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and suppressed glycolysis in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, EVs-ASP improves the periodontal immune microenvironment by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in macrophages, resulting in a certain degree of regeneration of alveolar bone height. Our study provides a new potential strategy for bone repair in periodontitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shi
- The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ningning Da
- The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Regulation of the Host Immune Microenvironment in Periodontitis and Periodontal Bone Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043158. [PMID: 36834569 PMCID: PMC9967675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal immune microenvironment is a delicate regulatory system that involves a variety of host immune cells including neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The dysfunction or overactivation of any kind of local cells, and eventually the imbalance of the entire molecular regulatory network, leads to periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction. In this review, the basic characteristics of various host cells in the periodontal immune microenvironment and the regulatory network mechanism of host cells involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and periodontal bone remodeling are summarized, with emphasis on the immune regulatory network that regulates the periodontal microenvironment and maintains a dynamic balance. Future strategies for the clinical treatment of periodontitis and periodontal tissue regeneration need to develop new targeted synergistic drugs and/or novel technologies to clarify the regulatory mechanism of the local microenvironment. This review aims to provide clues and a theoretical basis for future research in this field.
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Zhou M, Graves DT. Impact of the host response and osteoblast lineage cells on periodontal disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998244. [PMID: 36304447 PMCID: PMC9592920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis involves the loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone. Single cell RNA-seq experiments have provided new insight into how resident cells and infiltrating immune cells function in response to bacterial challenge in periodontal tissues. Periodontal disease is induced by a combined innate and adaptive immune response to bacterial dysbiosis that is initiated by resident cells including epithelial cells and fibroblasts, which recruit immune cells. Chemokines and cytokines stimulate recruitment of osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis in response to TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, RANKL and other factors. Inflammation also suppresses coupled bone formation to limit repair of osteolytic lesions. Bone lining cells, osteocytes and periodontal ligament cells play a key role in both processes. The periodontal ligament contains cells that exhibit similarities to tendon cells, osteoblast-lineage cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Bone lining cells consisting of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts are influenced by osteocytes and stimulate formation of osteoclast precursors through MCSF and RANKL, which directly induce osteoclastogenesis. Following bone resorption, factors are released from resorbed bone matrix and by osteoclasts and osteal macrophages that recruit osteoblast precursors to the resorbed bone surface. Osteoblast differentiation and coupled bone formation are regulated by multiple signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, FGF, IGF-1, BMP, and Hedgehog pathways. Diabetes, cigarette smoking and aging enhance the pathologic processes to increase bone resorption and inhibit coupled bone formation to accelerate bone loss. Other bone pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-menopausal osteoporosis and bone unloading/disuse also affect osteoblast lineage cells and participate in formation of osteolytic lesions by promoting bone resorption and inhibiting coupled bone formation. Thus, periodontitis involves the activation of an inflammatory response that involves a large number of cells to stimulate bone resorption and limit osseous repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dana T. Graves,
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Identification of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Biomarkers of Periodontitis Based on Machine Learning: A Bioinformatics Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8611755. [PMID: 36072904 PMCID: PMC9444421 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8611755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To screen for potential endoplasmic reticulum stress- (ERS-) related biomarkers of periodontitis using machine learning methods and explore their relationship with immune cells. Methods Three datasets of periodontitis (GSE10334, GES16134, and GES23586) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the samples were randomly assigned to the training set or the validation set. ERS-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between periodontitis and healthy periodontal tissues were screened and analyzed for GO, KEGG, and DO enrichment. Key DEGs were screened by two machine learning algorithms, LASSO regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE); then, the potential biomarkers were identified through validation. The infiltration of immune cells of periodontitis was calculated using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the correlation between immune cells and potential biomarkers was specifically analyzed through the Spearman method. Results We obtained 36 ERS-related DEGs of periodontitis from the training set, from which 11 key DEGs were screened by further machine learning. SERPINA1, ERLEC1, and VWF showed high diagnostic values (AUC > 0.85), so they were considered as potential biomarkers for periodontitis. According to the results of the immune cell infiltration analysis, these three potential biomarkers showed marked correlations with plasma cells, neutrophils, resting dendritic cells, resting mast cells, and follicular helper T cells. Conclusions Three ERS-related genes, SERPINA1, ERLEC1, and VWF, showed valuable biomarker potential for periodontitis, which provide a target base for future studies on early diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.
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