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Alvarado C, Ramírez JM, Herrera-López EJ, Cortez-Valladolid D, Ramírez G. Bioaccumulation of Metals in Cultured Carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Lake Chapala, Mexico. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:226-238. [PMID: 31368033 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chapala, the largest lake in Mexico, has a great potential for aquaculture and a community of some 2500 fishermen who are interested in this activity. However, diverse reports over the past two decades suggest that the fish there are contaminated with heavy metals, raising concern among consumers. Although more recent scientific studies have clarified that the metal content in the edible parts of fish is below allowable limits, the negative perception persists. The present study, therefore, was designed to evaluate the bioaccumulation of the metals Cu, Zn, Pb, As, and Cd in organs such as the muscles, liver, and gills of carp (Cyprinus carpio) cultured in Lake Chapala, and compared the results to fish cultured in a pond. Results after 473 days of monitoring showed that metal bioaccumulation in the muscles of the carp increased by 1.71, 0.50, and 12.36 μg/kg for Cu, Cd, and Pb, respectively, but Zn and As levels decreased by 7.84 and 131.7 μg/kg, respectively. The livers showed concentrations one or two times higher than the muscles in the case of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd. According to these results, the metal concentrations in the edible parts of these fish were below international standards for human consumption, and no significant differences were found between the bioaccumulation patterns in the muscles and livers of the carp cultured in the lake and those raised in the pond, except for Cd and Pb in the liver. Finally, no correlations were found between metal concentrations in the fish and lake sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alvarado
- Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío Arenal, CP 45019, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Jose Martín Ramírez
- Unidad de Servicios Analíticos y Metrológicos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, CP 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Enrique J Herrera-López
- Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío Arenal, CP 45019, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Diego Cortez-Valladolid
- Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío Arenal, CP 45019, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Ramírez
- Unidad de Servicios Analíticos y Metrológicos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, CP 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Pastorino P, Pizzul E, Bertoli M, Perilli S, Brizio P, Salvi G, Esposito G, Abete MC, Prearo M, Squadrone S. Macrobenthic invertebrates as bioindicators of trace elements in high-mountain lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5958-5970. [PMID: 31863368 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alpine lakes are extreme ecosystems located in remote areas and populated by few but well-adapted species. Because of their remote location, they are often considered pristine, unpolluted ecosystems. Since the 1980s, however, they have been affected by global anthropogenic impacts. Macrobenthic invertebrates play a pivotal role in these ecosystems and can be used as bioindicators also for monitoring the accumulation of trace elements. We characterized the macrobenthic invertebrates community of Balma Lake (Cottian Alps, Northwest Italy) and Dimon Lake (Carnic Alps, Northeast Italy) in summer and autumn and measured the levels of nine trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) in the most abundant taxa (Chironomidae and Oligochaeta in both lakes and Hirudinea in Dimon Lake) in both seasons. The highest levels of trace elements were recorded for Fe, Cu, and Zn according to their environmental availability and their function as essential elements. The total amount of trace elements was highest for the Chironomidae from both lakes compared to the other two taxa. As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were measured in sediment to calculate bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values. The amount of elements in sediment and macrobenthic invertebrates was higher for Dimon Lake, suggesting a greater flux via precipitation of contaminants from the lowland. The BAF values were decreased with increasing trace elements concentration in sediment, indicating mechanisms of elements excretion in biota where the environment is contaminated. This study is the first to report on the use of macrobenthic invertebrates to monitor trace elements in Alpine lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Bertoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Selene Perilli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Brizio
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianguido Salvi
- Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, via Weiss 2, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
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Mariussen E, Heier LS, Teien HC, Pettersen MN, Holth TF, Salbu B, Rosseland BO. Accumulation of lead (Pb) in brown trout (Salmo trutta) from a lake downstream a former shooting range. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:327-336. [PMID: 27770648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An environmental survey was performed in Lake Kyrtjønn, a small lake within an abandoned shooting range in the south of Norway. In Lake Kyrtjønn the total water concentrations of Pb (14µg/L), Cu (6.1µg/L) and Sb (1.3µg/L) were elevated compared to the nearby reference Lake Stitjønn, where the total concentrations of Pb, Cu and Sb were 0.76, 1.8 and 0.12µg/L, respectively. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) from Lake Kyrtjønn had very high levels of Pb in bone (104mg/kg w.w.), kidney (161mg/kg w.w.) and the gills (137mg/kg d.w), and a strong inhibition of the ALA-D enzyme activity were observed in the blood (24% of control). Dry fertilized brown trout eggs were placed in the small outlet streams from Lake Kyrtjønn and the reference lake for 6 months, and the concentrations of Pb and Cu in eggs from the Lake Kyrtjønn stream were significantly higher than in eggs from the reference. More than 90% of Pb accumulated in the egg shell, whereas more than 80% of the Cu and Zn accumulated in the egg interior. Pb in the lake sediments was elevated in the upper 2-5cm layer (410-2700mg/kg d.w), and was predominantly associated with redox sensitive fractions (e.g., organic materials, hydroxides) indicating low potential mobility and bioavailability of the deposited Pb. Only minor amounts of Cu and Sb were deposited in the sediments. The present work showed that the adult brown trout, as well as fertilized eggs and alevins, may be subjected to increased stress due to chronic exposure to Pb, whereas exposure to Cu, Zn and Sb were of less importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Mariussen
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), Division for Societal Security, P.O. Box 25, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Lene Sørlie Heier
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Region Øst, P.O Box 1010 Nordre Ål, 2605 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Hans Christian Teien
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Marit Nandrup Pettersen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Tor Fredrik Holth
- University of Oslo, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Rosseland
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Hofer R, Lackner R, Lorbeer G. Accumulation of toxicants in tadpoles of the common frog (Rana temporaria) in high mountains. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2005; 49:192-9. [PMID: 16075360 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-004-0188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the accumulation of inorganic and organic toxicants in tadpoles from nine populations of the common frog (Rana temporaria) at different altitudes of the Hohe Tauern National Park in Austria). Lead and cadmium concentrations in tadpoles increased with the acidity and metal-to-HCO3(-) ratio in the water exceeding those found in tadpoles from agricultural areas. Organochlorines (DDTs, polychlorinated biphenyls, lindane) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were present in all of the populations, but only DDTs accumulated significantly compared with the concentrations in their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hofer
- Institut für Zoologie und Limnologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria.
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Abstract
The study of organic contaminants at high altitudes is motivated by the potential risk that they pose to humans living in, or depending on resources derived from, mountains and to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in alpine areas. Mountains are also ideal settings to study contaminant transport and behavior along gradients of climate and surface cover. Information on organic contaminants in mountains is compiled from the literature and synthesized, with a focus on atmospheric transport and deposition, contaminant dynamics in alpine lakes and aquatic organisms, and concentration differences with altitude. Diurnal mountain winds, in connection with enhanced deposition at higher elevations caused by low temperatures and high precipitation rates, conspire to make mid-latitude mountains become convergence zones for selected persistent organic chemicals. In particular, the more volatile constituents of contaminant mixtures seem to become enriched, relative to the less volatile constituents at higher altitudes. For selected contaminants, concentration inversions (i.e., concentrations that increase with elevation) have been observed. A notable difference between cold trapping in high latitudes and high altitudes is the likely importance of precipitation. High rates of snow deposition in mid- and high-latitude mountains may lead to a large contaminant release during snowmelt. Regions above the tree line often have little capacity to retain the released contaminants, suggesting the potential for a highly dynamic contaminant fate situation during the snow-free season with significant revolatilization and runoff. The chemical and environmental factors that control the orographic cold trapping of organic contaminants should be examined further by measuring and comparatively interpreting concentration gradients along several mountain slopes with widely different characteristics. Future efforts should further focus on the bioaccumulation and potential effects of contaminants in the upper trophic levels of alpine food chains, on measuring more water-soluble, persistent organic contaminants, and on studying how climate change may affect contaminant dynamics in mountain settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L Daly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
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