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Stevanović M, Djošić M, Janković A, Kojić V, Vukašinović-Sekulić M, Stojanović J, Odović J, Crevar Sakač M, Kyong Yop R, Mišković-Stanković V. Antibacterial graphene-based hydroxyapatite/chitosan coating with gentamicin for potential applications in bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2175-2189. [PMID: 32323414 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrophoretic deposition process (EPD) was successfully used for obtaining graphene (Gr)-reinforced composite coating based on hydroxyapatite (HAP), chitosan (CS), and antibiotic gentamicin (Gent), from aqueous suspension. The deposition process was performed as a single step process at a constant voltage (5 V, deposition time 12 min) on pure titanium foils. The influence of graphene was examined through detailed physicochemical and biological characterization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron analyses confirmed the formation of composite HAP/CS/Gr and HAP/CS/Gr/Gent coatings on Ti. Obtained coatings had porous, uniform, fracture-free surfaces, suggesting strong interfacial interaction between HAP, CS, and Gr. Large specific area of graphene enabled strong bonding with chitosan, acting as nanofiller throughout the polymer matrix. Gentamicin addition strongly improved the antibacterial activity of HAP/CS/Gr/Gent coating that was confirmed by antibacterial activity kinetics in suspension and agar diffusion testing, while results indicated more pronounced antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (bactericidal, viable cells number reduction >3 logarithmic units) compared to Escherichia coli (bacteriostatic, <3 logarithmic units). MTT assay indicated low cytotoxicity (75% cell viability) against MRC-5 and L929 (70% cell viability) tested cell lines, indicating good biocompatibility of HAP/CS/Gr/Gent coating. Therefore, electrodeposited HAP/CS/Gr/Gent coating on Ti can be considered as a prospective material for bone tissue engineering as a hard tissue implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Stevanović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djošić
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials (ITNMS), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Janković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Kojić
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | | | - Jovica Stojanović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials (ITNMS), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jadranka Odović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Rhee Kyong Yop
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Vesna Mišković-Stanković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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