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Gutiérrez Rico E, Joseph P, Noutsos C, Poon K. Hypothalamic and hippocampal transcriptome changes in App NL-G-F mice as a function of metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction. Neuroscience 2024; 554:107-117. [PMID: 39002757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a silent phase that predates characteristic cognitive decline and eventually leads to active cognitive deficits. Metabolism, diet, and obesity have been correlated to the development of AD but is poorly understood. The hypothalamus is a brain region that exerts homeostatic control on food intake and metabolism and has been noted to be impacted during the active phase of Alzheimer's disease. This study, in using an amyloid overexpression AppNL-G-F mouse model under normal metabolic conditions, examines blood markers in young and old male AppNL-G-F mice (n = 5) that corresponds to the silent and active phases of AD, and bulk gene expression changes in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus. The results show a large panel of inflammatory mediators, leptin, and other proteins that may be involved in weakening the blood brain barrier, to be increased in the young AppNL-G-F mice but not in the old AppNL-G-F mice. There were also several differentially expressed genes in both the hypothalamus and the hippocampus in the young AppNL-G-F mice prior to amyloid plaque formation and cognitive decline that persisted in the old AppNL-G-F mice, including GABRa2 receptor, Wdfy1, and several pseudogenes with unknown function. These results suggests that a larger panel of inflammatory mediators may be used as blood markers to detect silent AD, and that a change in leptin and gene expression in the hypothalamus exist prior to cognitive effects, suggesting a coupling of metabolism with amyloid plaque induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Gutiérrez Rico
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Patricia Joseph
- SUNY Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Rd, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Christos Noutsos
- SUNY Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Rd, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Kinning Poon
- SUNY Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Rd, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
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Ferreira A, Castanheira P, Escrevente C, Barral DC, Barona T. Membrane trafficking alterations in breast cancer progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1350097. [PMID: 38533085 PMCID: PMC10963426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1350097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women, and remains one of the major causes of death in women worldwide. It is now well established that alterations in membrane trafficking are implicated in BC progression. Indeed, membrane trafficking pathways regulate BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The 22 members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and the >60 members of the rat sarcoma (RAS)-related in brain (RAB) families of small GTP-binding proteins (GTPases), which belong to the RAS superfamily, are master regulators of membrane trafficking pathways. ARF-like (ARL) subfamily members are involved in various processes, including vesicle budding and cargo selection. Moreover, ARFs regulate cytoskeleton organization and signal transduction. RABs are key regulators of all steps of membrane trafficking. Interestingly, the activity and/or expression of some of these proteins is found dysregulated in BC. Here, we review how the processes regulated by ARFs and RABs are subverted in BC, including secretion/exocytosis, endocytosis/recycling, autophagy/lysosome trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, integrin-mediated signaling, among others. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview of the roles played by ARF and RAB family members, as well as their regulators in BC progression, aiming to lay the foundation for future research in this field. This research should focus on further dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulated by ARFs and RABs that are subverted in BC, and exploring their use as therapeutic targets or prognostic markers.
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Van Sciver RE, Long AB, Katz HG, Gigante ED, Caspary T. Ciliary ARL13B inhibits developmental kidney cystogenesis in mouse. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527739. [PMID: 36798281 PMCID: PMC9934666 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
ARL13B is a small GTPase enriched in cilia. Deletion of Arl13b in mouse kidney results in renal cysts and an associated absence of primary cilia. Similarly, ablation of cilia leads to kidney cysts. To investigate whether ARL13B functions from within cilia to direct kidney development, we examined kidneys of mice expressing an engineered cilia-excluded ARL13B variant, ARL13BV358A. These mice retained renal cilia and developed cystic kidneys. Because ARL13B functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for ARL3, we examined kidneys of mice expressing an ARL13B variant that lacks ARL3 GEF activity, ARL13BR79Q. We found normal kidney development with no evidence of cysts in these mice. Taken together, our results show that ARL13B functions within cilia to inhibit renal cystogenesis during mouse development, and that this function does not depend on its role as a GEF for ARL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Van Sciver
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alyssa B. Long
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Harrison G. Katz
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Present address: Department of Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eduardo D. Gigante
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Present address: Department of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Mahajan D, Madugula V, Lu L. Rab8 and TNPO1 are ciliary transport adaptors for GTPase Arl13b by interacting with its RVEP motif-containing ciliary targeting sequence. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104604. [PMID: 36907439 PMCID: PMC10124946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arl13b, an ARF/Arl-family GTPase, is highly enriched in the cilium. Recent studies have established Arl13b as one of the most crucial regulators for ciliary organization, trafficking, and signaling. The ciliary localization of Arl13b is known to require the RVEP motif. However, its cognitive ciliary transport adaptor has been elusive. Here, by imaging the ciliary localization of truncation and point mutations, we defined the ciliary targeting sequence (CTS) of Arl13b as a C-terminal stretch of 17 amino acids containing the RVEP motif. We found Rab8-GDP, but not Rab8-GTP, and TNPO1 simultaneously and directly bind to the CTS of Arl13b in pull-down assays using cell lysates or purified recombinant proteins. Furthermore, Rab8-GDP substantially enhances the interaction between TNPO1 and CTS. Additionally, we determined that the RVEP motif is an essential element as its mutation abolishes the interaction of the CTS with Rab8-GDP and TNPO1 in pull-down and TurboID-based proximity ligation assays. Finally, knockdown of endogenous Rab8 or TNPO1 decreases the ciliary localization of endogenous Arl13b. Therefore, our results suggest Rab8 and TNPO1 might function together as a ciliary transport adaptor for Arl13b by interacting with its RVEP-containing CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyanshu Mahajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Viswanadh Madugula
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Pannebakker BA, Cook N, van den Heuvel J, van de Zande L, Shuker DM. Genomics of sex allocation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:499. [PMID: 32689940 PMCID: PMC7372847 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst adaptive facultative sex allocation has been widely studied at the phenotypic level across a broad range of organisms, we still know remarkably little about its genetic architecture. Here, we explore the genome-wide basis of sex ratio variation in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, perhaps the best studied organism in terms of sex allocation, and well known for its response to local mate competition. RESULTS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for single foundress sex ratios using iso-female lines derived from the recently developed outbred N. vitripennis laboratory strain HVRx. The iso-female lines capture a sample of the genetic variation in HVRx and we present them as the first iteration of the Nasonia vitripennis Genome Reference Panel (NVGRP 1.0). This panel provides an assessment of the standing genetic variation for sex ratio in the study population. Using the NVGRP, we discovered a cluster of 18 linked SNPs, encompassing 9 annotated loci associated with sex ratio variation. Furthermore, we found evidence that sex ratio has a shared genetic basis with clutch size on three different chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS Our approach provides a thorough description of the quantitative genetic basis of sex ratio variation in Nasonia at the genome level and reveals a number of inter-related candidate loci underlying sex allocation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart A Pannebakker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicola Cook
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Joost van den Heuvel
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Louis van de Zande
- Evolutionary Genetics, Development and Behaviour, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Srivathsan A, Lim TK, Lin Q, He CY. The unusual flagellar-targeting mechanism and functions of the trypanosome ortholog of the ciliary GTPase Arl13b. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.219071. [PMID: 30097558 PMCID: PMC6140319 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Arl13b is one of the most conserved and ancient ciliary proteins. In human and animals, Arl13b is primarily associated with the ciliary membrane, where it acts as a guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) for Arl3 and is implicated in a variety of ciliary and cellular functions. We have identified and characterized Trypanosoma brucei (Tb)Arl13, the sole Arl13b homolog in this evolutionarily divergent, protozoan parasite. TbArl13 has conserved flagellar functions and exhibits catalytic activity towards two different TbArl3 homologs. However, TbArl13 is distinctly associated with the axoneme through a dimerization/docking (D/D) domain. Replacing the D/D domain with a sequence encoding a flagellar membrane protein created a viable alternative to the wild-type TbArl13 in our RNA interference (RNAi)-based rescue assay. Therefore, flagellar enrichment is crucial for TbArl13, but mechanisms to achieve this could be flexible. Our findings thus extend the understanding of the roles of Arl13b and Arl13b–Arl3 pathway in a divergent flagellate of medical importance. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Highlighted Article: All roads lead to cilia – how the essential flagellar enrichment of Arl13 is achieved in trypanosome cells using a fundamentally different strategy compared with that of animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliu Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Yameng Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Amrita Srivathsan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Cynthia Y He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
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