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Zhang M, Liu C, Li Y, Li H, Zhang W, Liu J, Wang L, Sun C. Galectin-9 in cancer therapy: from immune checkpoint ligand to promising therapeutic target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1332205. [PMID: 38264357 PMCID: PMC10803597 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1332205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a vital member of the galectin family, functioning as a multi-subtype galactose lectin with diverse biological roles. Recent research has revealed that Gal-9's interaction with tumors is an independent factor that influences tumor progression. Furthermore, Gal-9 in the immune microenvironment cross-talks with tumor-associated immune cells, informing the clarification of Gal-9's identity as an immune checkpoint. A thorough investigation into Gal-9's role in various cancer types and its interaction with the immune microenvironment could yield novel strategies for subsequent targeted immunotherapy. This review focuses on the latest advances in understanding the direct and indirect cross-talk between Gal-9 and hematologic malignancies, in addition to solid tumors. In addition, we discuss the prospects of Gal-9 in tumor immunotherapy, including its cross-talk with the ligand TIM-3 and its potential in immune-combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minpu Zhang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ye Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jingyang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
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Ma B, Wang R, Chen B, Liu W, Zhou S, Li X, Gong J, Shang S, Li Y, Xu D, Tan Z. Insights into the effect of protein glycosylation on carbohydrate substrate binding. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123833. [PMID: 36870654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of glycosylation in the binding of glycoproteins to carbohydrate substrates has not been well understood. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by elucidating the links between the glycosylation patterns of a model glycoprotein, a Family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (TrCBM1), and the thermodynamic and structural properties of its binding to different carbohydrate substrates using isothermal titration calorimetry and computational simulation. The variations in glycosylation patterns cause a gradual transition of the binding to soluble cellohexaose from an entropy-driven process to an enthalpy-driven one, a trend closely correlated with the glycan-induced shift of the predominant binding force from hydrophobic interactions to hydrogen bonding. However, when binding to a large surface of solid cellulose, glycans on TrCBM1 have a more dispersed distribution and thus have less adverse impact on the hydrophobic interaction forces, leading to overall improved binding. Unexpectedly, our simulation results also suggest an evolutionary role of O-mannosylation in transforming the substrate binding features of TrCBM1 from those of type A CBMs to those of type B CBMs. Taken together, these findings provide new fundamental insights into the molecular basis of the role of glycosylation in protein-carbohydrate interactions and are expected to better facilitate further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruihan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Baoquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shiying Shang
- Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Dingguo Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Zhongping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Galectins—Potential Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911012. [PMID: 36232314 PMCID: PMC9569834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in medicine have increased the longevity of humans, resulting in a higher incidence of chronic diseases. Due to the rise in the elderly population, age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent. The available treatment options only provide symptomatic relief and do not cure the underlying cause of the disease. Therefore, it has become imperative to discover new markers and therapies to modulate the course of disease progression and develop better treatment options for the affected individuals. Growing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation is a common factor and one of the main inducers of neuronal damage and degeneration. Galectins (Gals) are a class of β-galactoside-binding proteins (lectins) ubiquitously expressed in almost all vital organs. Gals modulate various cellular responses and regulate significant biological functions, including immune response, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell growth, through their interaction with glycoproteins and glycolipids. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the Gal superfamily, with Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-9 in prime focus. Their roles have been described in modulating neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative processes. In this review, we discuss the role of Gals in the causation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. We describe the role of Gals in microglia and astrocyte modulation, along with their pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. In addition, we discuss the potential use of Gals as a novel therapeutic target for neuroinflammation and restoring tissue damage in neurodegenerative diseases.
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El-Kott AF, Shati AA, Ali Al-Kahtani M, Alharbi SA. The apoptotic effect of resveratrol in ovarian cancer cells is associated with downregulation of galectin-3 and stimulating miR-424-3p transcription. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13072. [PMID: 31603261 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated if the well-reported anti-tumor effects of resveratrol (RES) is mediated by modulation levels of galectin-3 (GAL-3), an anti-apoptotic lectin that is highly overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells. SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 OC cells were untreated or incubated with DMOS or increasing concentrations of RES (25, 50, 100 μM) for 72 hr. RES, in a dose-dependent manner and in both cell lines, induced cell death and inhibited cell migration and invasion It also downregulated Bcl-2 levels, increased cleaved caspase-3, and GAL-3 protein (but not mRNA) levels, suggesting increased breakdown. These effects were associated with reduced levels of p-NF-κB P65, p-IKKα/β, and p-Akt, major targets of Gal-3. Further investigation showed that RES enhanced levels of miR-424-3p which is able to degrade GAL-3. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that RES induced apoptosis in cancerous cells is associated with increased levels of miR-424-3p and reduced levels of GAL-3. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study highlights a possible mechanism by which RES could enhance cell death in OC cells and enhances their sensitivity to cisplatin. RES apoptotic effect and enhancement of OC cells to chemotherapy were associated with decreased abundance of GAL-3, a common cell survival molecule that promotes tumorigenesis and increased transcription of miR-424-3p that has the ability to degrade cellular GAL-3. These findings add a possible new mechanism by which RES acts and opens a window for further research to understand its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ali A Shati
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Samah A Alharbi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Ashraf GM, Mahmoud MM, Tabrez S. Studies on immunological and degranulation properties of a galectin-1 purified from goat (Capra hircus) heart. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1183-1188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ashraf GM, Baeesa SS. Investigation of Gal-3 Expression Pattern in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients Suffering From Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:430. [PMID: 30008660 PMCID: PMC6033997 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed this study to investigate the possibility of a definitive pattern of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. In our study, we collected the CSF and serum samples of 31 AD patients, 19 ALS patients and 50 normal healthy subjects (controls). Quantitative ELISA measured Gal-3 concentrations in CSF and serum samples. A comparative analysis was performed to analyze and understand the Gal-3 expression pattern. A number of neuropsychological assessments and statistical analyses were carried out to validate our findings. Recent researches have established the role of galectins in various neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), but a definitive pattern of galectin expression is still elusive. A significant difference was observed in serum and CSF Gal-3 concentrations between AD patients and healthy controls. The difference in serum and CSF Gal-3 concentrations between ALS patients vs. controls was lesser as compared to AD patients vs. controls. The difference in serum and CSF Gal-3 concentrations of AD vs. ALS patients was not significant. The MMSE score and serum and CSF Gal-3 concentrations in AD and ALS patients, and controls exhibited a significant positive correlation. The findings of the present study are expected to provide an insight into the definitive pattern of Gal-3 expression in AD and ALS patients, and might thus establish Gal-3 as a strong biomarker. This in turn will open up new and promising research avenues targeting the expression of galectins to modulate the progression of NDDs, and pave the way for novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam M Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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El-Ashram S, Li C, Abouhajer F, Mehmood R, Al Nasr I, Zhang Y, Lu T, Yili D, Suo X, Haoji Z, Li Z, Huang S. An ex vivo abomasal ovine model to study the immediate immune response in the context of Haemonchus contortus larval-stage. Vet Parasitol 2018; 254:105-113. [PMID: 29656994 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have set up an ex vivo ovine abomasal model, which can mimic the multicellular process to explore the early steps in haemonchine nematode infection using RNA-seq technology. Ovine abomasal explants were collected for histological and transcriptional analysis and supernatants collected to quantitate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes. Atotal of 233 were substantially induced genes between L4-inoculated and uninoculated-control tissues, respectively. However, a total of 14 were considerably down-regulated genes between the 51 aforementioned tissues. Fifteen pathways were annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, and Genomes pathway analysis accounted for the significant percentage in immediate response to larval-stage of H. contortus. Key genes upregulated in response to the addition of L4-inoculum of H. contortus were IL-6, IL-8, C1q, Atypical chemokine receptor-3, chemokine ligand-2, manganese superoxide dismutase, integrin alpha-7, -8, -9, integrin subunit beta-1, integrin subunit beta 6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and actin alpha-1. This study shows for the first time that galectin-1 is up-regulated in an ex vivo abomasal segment model exposed to L4-inoculum of H. contortus following 6 h of incubation. The abomasal segment model has been shown to be a suitable tool to study the haemonchine larval-stage effects on the ovine abomasal tissues prior to in vivo assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Faculty of Science, Kafr ElSheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt.
| | - Cuiping Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fathi Abouhajer
- Faculty of Education, Asmarya University for Islamic Sciences, Zliten, Libya
| | - Rashid Mehmood
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Kotli, AJ&K Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Al Nasr
- College of Science and Arts in Unaizah, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia; College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University (Northern Campus), Shishan, Naihai district of Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528231, China
| | - Tang Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University (Northern Campus), Shishan, Naihai district of Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528231, China
| | - Ding Yili
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xun Suo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhang Haoji
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhili Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China.
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Abouhajer F, El-Ashram S, Karama M, Huang S, Liu JF. An ex vivo ruminal ovine model to study the immediate immune response in the context of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:277-285. [PMID: 29429072 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have set up an ex vivo ovine ruminal model, which can mimic the multicellular process to explore the early steps in Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation using RNA-seq technology. Ovine ruminal explants were collected for histological and transcriptional analysis and supernatants collected to quantitate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes. A total of 8 and 523 genes were significantly over-expressed between LPS-treated and control tissues at 6 and 12 h, respectively. However, six and seven hundred and thirteen genes were substantially repressed between the aforementioned tissues, correspondingly. Key genes up-regulated in response to the addition of LPS were tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interlukin (IL)-1 beta(b), IL-6, IL-8, IL-17B, IL-19, MMP-1, MMP-3, and integrin alpha 2 (ITGA8, 9). This study shows for the first time that galectin-1 is up-regulated in an ex vivo ruminal segment model exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide following 6 h of incubation. The ruminal segment model has been shown to be a suitable tool to study the bacterial lipopolysaccharide effects on the ovine ruminal tissues prior to in vivo assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Abouhajer
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Faculty of Education, Asmarya University for Islamic Sciences, Zliten, Libya
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China.
- Faculty of Science, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Musafiri Karama
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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