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Ewasechko NF, Chaudhuri S, Schryvers AB. Insights from targeting transferrin receptors to develop vaccines for pathogens of humans and food production animals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1083090. [PMID: 36683691 PMCID: PMC9853020 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1083090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While developing vaccines targeting surface transferrin receptor proteins in Gram-negative pathogens of humans and food production animals, the common features derived from their evolutionary origins has provided us with insights on how improvements could be implemented in the various stages of research and vaccine development. These pathogens are adapted to live exclusively on the mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory or genitourinary tract of their host and rely on their receptors to acquire iron from transferrin for survival, indicating that there likely are common mechanisms for delivering transferrin to the mucosal surfaces that should be explored. The modern-day receptors are derived from those present in bacteria that lived over 320 million years ago. The pathogens represent the most host adapted members of their bacterial lineages and may possess factors that enable them to have strong association with the mucosal epithelial cells, thus likely reside in a different niche than the commensal members of the bacterial lineage. The bacterial pathogens normally lead a commensal lifestyle which presents challenges for development of relevant infection models as most infection models either exclude the early stages of colonization or subsequent disease development, and the immune mechanisms at the mucosal surface that would prevent disease are not evident. Development of infection models emulating natural horizontal disease transmission are also lacking. Our aim is to share our insights from the study of pathogens of humans and food production animals with individuals involved in vaccine development, maintaining health or regulation of products in the human and animal health sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas F Ewasechko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Somshukla Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony B Schryvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Moulis JM. Cellular Dynamics of Transition Metal Exchange on Proteins: A Challenge but a Bonanza for Coordination Chemistry. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1584. [PMID: 33233467 PMCID: PMC7700505 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metals interact with a large proportion of the proteome in all forms of life, and they play mandatory and irreplaceable roles. The dynamics of ligand binding to ions of transition metals falls within the realm of Coordination Chemistry, and it provides the basic principles controlling traffic, regulation, and use of metals in cells. Yet, the cellular environment stands out against the conditions prevailing in the test tube when studying metal ions and their interactions with various ligands. Indeed, the complex and often changing cellular environment stimulates fast metal-ligand exchange that mostly escapes presently available probing methods. Reducing the complexity of the problem with purified proteins or in model organisms, although useful, is not free from pitfalls and misleading results. These problems arise mainly from the absence of the biosynthetic machinery and accessory proteins or chaperones dealing with metal / metal groups in cells. Even cells struggle with metal selectivity, as they do not have a metal-directed quality control system for metalloproteins, and serendipitous metal binding is probably not exceptional. The issue of metal exchange in biology is reviewed with particular reference to iron and illustrating examples in patho-physiology, regulation, nutrition, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Moulis
- Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission—Fundamental Research Division—Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (CEA-IRIG), University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Abstract
Although the superoxide anion (O2-·) is generated during normal cellular respiration and has fundamental roles in a wide range of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and homeostasis, its dysregulation is associated with a variety of diseases. Regarding these prominent roles in biological systems, the development of accurate methods for quantification of superoxide anion has attracted tremendous research attention. Here, we evaluated aequorin, a calcium-dependent photoprotein, as a potential bioluminescent reporter protein of superoxide anion. The mechanism is based on the measurement of aequorin bioluminescence, where the lower the concentration of coelenterazine under the oxidation of superoxide anion, the lower the amount aequorin regeneration, leading to a decrease in bioluminescence. The bioluminescence intensity of aequorin was proportional to the concentration of superoxide anion in the range from 4 to 40 000 pM with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 1.2 pM, which was 5000-fold lower than those of the chemiluminescence methods. The proposed method exhibited high sensitivity and has been successfully applied to the determination of superoxide anion in the plant cell samples. The results could suggest a photoprotein-based bioluminescence system as a highly sensitive, specific, and simple bioluminescent probe for in vitro detection of superoxide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rahmani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran 14115-154 , Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ghavamipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran 14115-154 , Iran
| | - Reza H Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran 14115-154 , Iran
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Maity S, Pakhira B, Ghosh S, Saha R, Sarkar R, Barui A, Sarkar S. Microcarbon-based facial creams activate aerial oxygen under light to reactive oxygen species damaging cell. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-017-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Borden WT, Hoffmann R, Stuyver T, Chen B. Dioxygen: What Makes This Triplet Diradical Kinetically Persistent? J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9010-9018. [PMID: 28613073 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Experimental heats of formation and enthalpies obtained from G4 calculations both find that the resonance stabilization of the two unpaired electrons in triplet O2, relative to the unpaired electrons in two hydroxyl radicals, amounts to 100 kcal/mol. The origin of this huge stabilization energy is described within the contexts of both molecular orbital (MO) and valence-bond (VB) theory. Although O2 is a triplet diradical, the thermodynamic unfavorability of both its hydrogen atom abstraction and oligomerization reactions can be attributed to its very large resonance stabilization energy. The unreactivity of O2 toward both these modes of self-destruction maintains its abundance in the ecosphere and thus its availability to support aerobic life. However, despite the resonance stabilization of the π system of triplet O2, the weakness of the O-O σ bond makes reactions of O2, which eventually lead to cleavage of this bond, very favorable thermodynamically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston Thatcher Borden
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) , Egmontstraat 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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Molecular mechanisms of ROS production and oxidative stress in diabetes. Biochem J 2017; 473:4527-4550. [PMID: 27941030 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160503c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are known to be associated with the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative systems of cells and tissues, is a result of over production of oxidative-free radicals and associated reactive oxygen species (ROS). One outcome of excessive levels of ROS is the modification of the structure and function of cellular proteins and lipids, leading to cellular dysfunction including impaired energy metabolism, altered cell signalling and cell cycle control, impaired cell transport mechanisms and overall dysfunctional biological activity, immune activation and inflammation. Nutritional stress, such as that caused by excess high-fat and/or carbohydrate diets, promotes oxidative stress as evident by increased lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonylation and decreased antioxidant status. In obesity, chronic oxidative stress and associated inflammation are the underlying factors that lead to the development of pathologies such as insulin resistance, dysregulated pathways of metabolism, diabetes and cardiovascular disease through impaired signalling and metabolism resulting in dysfunction to insulin secretion, insulin action and immune responses. However, exercise may counter excessive levels of oxidative stress and thus improve metabolic and inflammatory outcomes. In the present article, we review the cellular and molecular origins and significance of ROS production, the molecular targets and responses describing how oxidative stress affects cell function including mechanisms of insulin secretion and action, from the point of view of possible application of novel diabetic therapies based on redox regulation.
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Wang J, Ge X, Liu Z, Thia L, Yan Y, Xiao W, Wang X. Heterogeneous Electrocatalyst with Molecular Cobalt Ions Serving as the Center of Active Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1878-1884. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoming Ge
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency of Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 138632
| | - Zhaolin Liu
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency of Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 138632
| | | | | | - Wei Xiao
- School
of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific
and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
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Kumar RS, Narasingappa RB, Joshi CG, Girish TK, Prasada Rao UJ, Danagoudar A. Evaluation of Cassia tora Linn. against Oxidative Stress-induced DNA and Cell Membrane Damage. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017; 9:33-43. [PMID: 28584491 PMCID: PMC5450468 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.206215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to evaluate antioxidants and protective role of Cassia tora Linn. against oxidative stress-induced DNA and cell membrane damage. Materials and Methods: The total and profiles of flavonoids were identified and quantified through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined using standard antioxidant assays. The protective role of C. tora extracts against oxidative stress-induced DNA and cell membrane damage was examined by electrophoretic and scanning electron microscopic studies, respectively. Results: The total flavonoid content of CtEA was 106.8 ± 2.8 mg/g d.w.QE, CtME was 72.4 ± 1.12 mg/g d.w.QE, and CtWE was 30.4 ± 0.8 mg/g d.w.QE. The concentration of flavonoids present in CtEA in decreasing order: quercetin >kaempferol >epicatechin; in CtME: quercetin >rutin >kaempferol; whereas, in CtWE: quercetin >rutin >kaempferol. The CtEA inhibited free radical-induced red blood cell hemolysis and cell membrane morphology better than CtME as confirmed by a scanning electron micrograph. CtEA also showed better protection than CtME and CtWE against free radical-induced DNA damage as confirmed by electrophoresis. Conclusion: C. tora contains flavonoids and inhibits oxidative stress and can be used for many health benefits and pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sunil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hassan, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Balenahalli Narasingappa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hassan, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrashekar G Joshi
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, P.G Centre, Mangalore University, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka, India
| | - Talakatta K Girish
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ummiti Js Prasada Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ananda Danagoudar
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, P.G Centre, Mangalore University, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka, India
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Griffiths K, Aggarwal BB, Singh RB, Buttar HS, Wilson D, De Meester F. Food Antioxidants and Their Anti-Inflammatory Properties: A Potential Role in Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer Prevention. Diseases 2016; 4:E28. [PMID: 28933408 PMCID: PMC5456284 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean-style diets caused a significant decline in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in early landmark studies. The effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet on lipoprotein oxidation showed that there was a significant reduction in oxidative stress in the intervention group (Mediterranean diet + Virgin Olive Oil) compared to the low-fat diet group. Conversely, the increase in oxidative stress causing inflammation is a unifying hypothesis for predisposing people to atherosclerosis, carcinogenesis, and osteoporosis. The impact of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents on cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the interventive mechanisms for the inhibition of proliferation, inflammation, invasion, metastasis, and activation of apoptosis were explored. Following the Great Oxygen Event some 2.3 billion years ago, organisms have needed antioxidants to survive. Natural products in food preservatives are preferable to synthetic compounds due to their lower volatility and stability and generally higher antioxidant potential. Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, pro-oxidants and inflammation are described with examples of free radical damage based on the hydroxyl, nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. Flavonoid antioxidants with 2- or 3-phenylchroman structures such as quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, and luteolin, constituents of fruits, vegetables, tea, and wine, which may reduce coronary disease and cancer, are described. The protective effect of flavonoids on the DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals through chelation is an important mechanism, though the converse may be possible, e.g., quercetin. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids, which are dietary natural pigments, have been studied in relation to breast cancer risk and an inverse association was found with plasma concentrations: higher levels mean lower risk. The manipulation of primary and secondary human metabolomes derived especially from existing or transformed gut microbiota was explored as a possible alternative to single-agent dietary interventions for cancer and cardiovascular disease. Sustained oxidative stress leading to inflammation and thence to possibly to cancer and cardiovascular disease is described for spices and herbs, using curcumin as an example of an intervention, based on activation of transcription factors which suggest that oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer are closely linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Griffiths
- Emeritus Professor of Cancer Research, University of Wales College of Medicine, Laurel Cottage, Castleton, Cardiff CF3 2UR, UK.
| | | | - Ram B Singh
- Halberg Hospital and Research Institute, Civil Lines, Moradabad, UP 244001, India.
| | - Harpal S Buttar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 , Canada.
| | - Douglas Wilson
- School Medicine Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Durham TS17 6BH, UK.
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