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Elsherif M, Hassan MU, Yetisen AK, Butt H. Glucose Sensing with Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Optical Diffusers. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2283-2291. [PMID: 29529366 PMCID: PMC5916466 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phenylboronic acids have emerged as synthetic receptors that can reversibly bind to cis-diols of glucose molecules. The incorporation of phenylboronic acids in hydrogels offers exclusive attributes; for example, the binding process with glucose induces Donnan osmotic pressure resulting in volumetric changes in the matrix. However, their practical applications are hindered because of complex readout approaches and their time-consuming fabrication processes. Here, we demonstrate a microimprinting method to fabricate densely packed concavities in phenylboronic acid functionalized hydrogel films. A microengineered optical diffuser structure was imprinted on a phenylboronic acid based cis-diol recognizing motif prepositioned in a hydrogel film. The diffuser structure engineered on the hydrogel was based on laser-inscribed arrays of imperfect microlenses that focused the incoming light at different focal lengths and direction resulting in a diffused profile of light in transmission and reflection readout modes. The signature of the dimensional modulation was detected in terms of changing focal lengths of the microlenses due to the volumetric expansion of the hydrogel that altered the diffusion spectra and transmitted beam profile. The transmitted optical light spread and intensity through the sensor was measured to determine variation in glucose concentrations at physiological conditions. The sensor was integrated in a contact lens and placed over an artificial eye. Artificial stimulation of variation in glucose concentration allowed quantitative measurements using a smartphone's photodiode. A smartphone app was utilized to convert the received light intensity to quantitative glucose concentration values. The developed sensing platform offers low cost, rapid fabrication, and easy detection scheme as compared to other optical sensing counterparts. The presented detection scheme may have applications in wearable real-time biomarker monitoring devices at point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsherif
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- E-mail: . Tel: +441214158623
| | - Mohammed Umair Hassan
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Haider Butt
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- E-mail: . Tel: +441214158623
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Yetisen AK, Coskun AF, England G, Cho S, Butt H, Hurwitz J, Kolle M, Khademhosseini A, Hart AJ, Folch A, Yun SH. Art on the Nanoscale and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1724-1742. [PMID: 26671704 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methods of forming and patterning materials at the nano- and microscales are finding increased use as a medium of artistic expression, and as a vehicle for communicating scientific advances to a broader audience. While sharing many attributes of other art forms, miniaturized art enables the direct engagement of sensory aspects such as sight and touch for materials and structures that are otherwise invisible to the eye. The historical uses of nano-/microscale materials and imaging techniques in arts and sciences are presented. The motivations to create artwork at small scales are discussed, and representations in scientific literature and exhibitions are explored. Examples are presented using semiconductors, microfluidics, and nanomaterials as the artistic media; these utilized techniques including micromachining, focused ion beam milling, two-photon polymerization, and bottom-up nanostructure growth. Finally, the technological factors that limit the implementation of artwork at miniature scales are identified, and potential future directions are discussed. As research marches toward even smaller length scales, innovative and engaging visualizations and artistic endeavors will have growing implications on education, communication, policy making, media activism, and public perception of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K Yetisen
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ahmet F Coskun
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Grant England
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sangyeon Cho
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Haider Butt
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jonty Hurwitz
- Royal British Society of Sculptors, 108 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RA, UK
| | - Mathias Kolle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, William Foege Bldg. 15th Ave NE, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Zawadzka M, Mikulchyk T, Cody D, Martin S, Yetisen AK, Martinez-Hurtado JL, Butt H, Mihaylova E, Awala H, Mintova S, Yun SH, Naydenova I. Photonic Materials for Holographic Sensing. PHOTONIC MATERIALS FOR SENSING, BIOSENSING AND DISPLAY DEVICES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24990-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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