1
|
Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ball HL, Said H, Chapman K, Fu R, Xiong Y, Burk JA, Rosenbaum D, Veneziano R, Cotten ML. Orexin A, an amphipathic α-helical neuropeptide involved in pleiotropic functions in the nervous and immune systems: Synthetic approach and biophysical studies of the membrane-bound state. Biophys Chem 2023; 297:107007. [PMID: 37037119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
This research reports on the membrane interactions of orexin A (OXA), an α-helical and amphipathic neuropeptide that contains 33 residues and two disulfide bonds in the N-terminal region. OXA, which activates the orexins 1 and 2 receptors in neural and immune cell membranes, has essential pleiotropic physiological effects, including at the levels of arousal, sleep/wakefulness, energy balance, neuroprotection, lipid signaling, the inflammatory response, and pain. As a result, the orexin system has become a prominent target to treat diseases such as sleep disorders, drug addiction, and inflammation. While the high-resolution structure of OXA has been investigated in water and bound to micelles, there is a lack of information about its conformation bound to phospholipid membranes and its receptors. NMR is a powerful method to investigate peptide structures in a membrane environment. To facilitate the NMR structural studies of OXA exposed to membranes, we present a novel synthetic scheme, leading to the production of isotopically-labeled material at high purity. A receptor activation assay shows that the 15N-labeled peptide is biologically active. Biophysical studies are performed using surface plasmon resonance, circular dichroism, and NMR to investigate the interactions of OXA with phospholipid bilayers. The results demonstrate a strong interaction between the peptide and phospholipids, an increase in α-helical content upon membrane binding, and an in-plane orientation of the C-terminal region critical to function. This new knowledge about structure-activity relationships in OXA could inspire the design of novel therapeutics that leverage the anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective functions of OXA, and therefore could help address neuroinflammation, a major issue associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haydn L Ball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hooda Said
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Karen Chapman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Yawei Xiong
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
| | - Joshua A Burk
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
| | - Daniel Rosenbaum
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Remi Veneziano
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Myriam L Cotten
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
White JB, Trim PJ, Salagaras T, Long A, Psaltis PJ, Verjans JW, Snel MF. Equivalent Carbon Number and Interclass Retention Time Conversion Enhance Lipid Identification in Untargeted Clinical Lipidomics. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3476-3484. [PMID: 35157429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromatography is often used as a method for reducing sample complexity prior to analysis by mass spectrometry, and the use of retention time (RT) is becoming increasingly popular to add valuable supporting information in lipid identification. The RT of lipids with the same headgroup in reversed-phase separation can be predicted using the equivalent carbon number (ECN) model. This model describes the effects of acyl chain length and degree of saturation on lipid RT. For the first time, we have found a robust correlation in the chromatographic separation of lipids with different headgroups that share the same fatty acid motive. This relationship can be exploited to perform interclass RT conversion (IC-RTC) by building a model from RT measurements from lipid standards that allows the prediction of RT of one lipid subclass based on another. Here, we utilize ECN modeling and IC-RTC to build a glycerophospholipid RT library with 517 entries based on 136 tandem mass spectrometry-characterized lipid RTs from NIST SRM-1950 plasma and lipid standards. The library was tested on a patient cohort undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (n = 37). A total of 156 unique circulating glycerophospholipids were identified, of which 52 (1 LPG, 24 PE, 5 PG, 18 PI, and 9 PS) were detected with IC-RTC, thereby demonstrating the utility of this technique for the identification of lipid species not found in commercial standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake B White
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,Vascular Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul J Trim
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thalia Salagaras
- Vascular Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aaron Long
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,Vascular Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Johan W Verjans
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,Vascular Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marten F Snel
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.,Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ernst M, Robertson JL. The Role of the Membrane in Transporter Folding and Activity. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167103. [PMID: 34139219 PMCID: PMC8756397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, folding, and function of membrane transport proteins are critical factors for defining cellular physiology. Since the stability of these proteins evolved amidst the lipid bilayer, it is no surprise that we are finding that many of these membrane proteins demonstrate coupling of their structure or activity in some way to the membrane. More and more transporter structures are being determined with some information about the surrounding membrane, and computational modeling is providing further molecular details about these solvation structures. Thus, the field is moving towards identifying which molecular mechanisms - lipid interactions, membrane perturbations, differential solvation, and bulk membrane effects - are involved in linking membrane energetics to transporter stability and function. In this review, we present an overview of these mechanisms and the growing evidence that the lipid bilayer is a major determinant of the fold, form, and function of membrane transport proteins in membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Janice L Robertson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Juarez-Navarro K, Ayala-Garcia VM, Ruiz-Baca E, Meneses-Morales I, Rios-Banuelos JL, Lopez-Rodriguez A. Assistance for Folding of Disease-Causing Plasma Membrane Proteins. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050728. [PMID: 32392767 PMCID: PMC7277483 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An extensive catalog of plasma membrane (PM) protein mutations related to phenotypic diseases is associated with incorrect protein folding and/or localization. These impairments, in addition to dysfunction, frequently promote protein aggregation, which can be detrimental to cells. Here, we review PM protein processing, from protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to delivery to the PM, stressing the main repercussions of processing failures and their physiological consequences in pathologies, and we summarize the recent proposed therapeutic strategies to rescue misassembled proteins through different types of chaperones and/or small molecule drugs that safeguard protein quality control and regulate proteostasis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fattahi A, Latifi Z, Darabi M, Salmassi A, Farzadi L, Shaaker M, Mehdizadeh A, Ghasemnejad T, Roshangar L, Nouri M. Mating with seminal vesicle-excised male can affect the uterus phospholipid fatty-acids composition during implantation in an experimental mouse model. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:825-833. [PMID: 30901177 PMCID: PMC6837596 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE No comprehensive information is available about uterus fatty acid (FA) change during implantation period and possible effects of the seminal vesicle secretion on it. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we evaluated FA composition of uterus phospholipids during the implantation period in intact and seminal vesicle-excised (SVX) mated female mice. Forty NMRI female mice were divided into control (mated with intact male) and seminal vesicle excised (SVX)-mated (mated with SVX-male) groups. The phospholipid fatty acids composition was monitored during the fi rst fi ve days of pregnancy using gas chromatography and also implantation rate was evaluated on fi fth day of pregnancy. RESULTS We found that levels of linoleic acid (LNA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) showed a decreasing trend from the fi rst to the third day of pregnancy and then started to increase on the fourth day and peaked on the fi fth day. In contrast, the level of saturated FA (SFA) increased on the second and third day of pregnancy compared to the fi rst (p<0.05) and then decreased on the fourth and fi fth. We also found that the seminal vesicle secretion could affect the levels of LNA, ARA, SFA, and PUFA in uterine phospholipids especially on second and third day. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between ARA level and implantation rate in control but not SVX-mated groups. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that several uterus FA that have important roles in early pregnancy could be affected by seminal vesicle secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Fattahi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Latifi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Salmassi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laya Farzadi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maghsood Shaaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Centers, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Ghasemnejad
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blaženović I, Shen T, Mehta SS, Kind T, Ji J, Piparo M, Cacciola F, Mondello L, Fiehn O. Increasing Compound Identification Rates in Untargeted Lipidomics Research with Liquid Chromatography Drift Time-Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10758-10764. [PMID: 30096227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Unknown metabolites represent a bottleneck in untargeted metabolomics research. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) facilitates lipid identification because it yields collision cross section (CCS) information that is independent from mass or lipophilicity. To date, only a few CCS values are publicly available for complex lipids such as phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, or triacylglycerides. This scarcity of data limits the use of CCS values as an identification parameter that is orthogonal to mass, MS/MS, or retention time. A combination of lipid descriptors was used to train five different machine learning algorithms for automatic lipid annotations, combining accurate mass ( m/ z), retention time (RT), CCS values, carbon number, and unsaturation level. Using a training data set of 429 true positive lipid annotations from four lipid classes, 92.7% correct annotations overall were achieved using internal cross-validation. The trained prediction model was applied to an unknown milk lipidomics data set and allowed for class 3 level annotations of most features detected in this application set according to Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI) reporting guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Blaženović
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Tong Shen
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Sajjan S Mehta
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Tobias Kind
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Jian Ji
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Marco Piparo
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , University of Messina-Polo Annunziata , Viale Annunziata , 98168 Messina , Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali , University of Messina , Via Consolare Valeria , 98125 Messina , Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , University of Messina-Polo Annunziata , Viale Annunziata , 98168 Messina , Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Polo Annunziata , University of Messina , viale Annunziata , 98168 Messina , Italy.,Department of Medicine , University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Via Álvaro del Portillo 21 , 00128 Rome , Italy
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center , UC Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reading E, Hall Z, Martens C, Haghighi T, Findlay H, Ahdash Z, Politis A, Booth PJ. Interrogating Membrane Protein Conformational Dynamics within Native Lipid Compositions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Reading
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Zoe Hall
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Cambridge; 80 Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 1GA UK
| | - Chloe Martens
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Tabasom Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Heather Findlay
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Zainab Ahdash
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Argyris Politis
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Paula J. Booth
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reading E, Hall Z, Martens C, Haghighi T, Findlay H, Ahdash Z, Politis A, Booth PJ. Interrogating Membrane Protein Conformational Dynamics within Native Lipid Compositions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15654-15657. [PMID: 29049865 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between membrane proteins and the lipids of the membrane is important for cellular function, however, tools enabling the interrogation of protein dynamics within native lipid environments are scarce and often invasive. We show that the styrene-maleic acid lipid particle (SMALP) technology can be coupled with hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to investigate membrane protein conformational dynamics within native lipid bilayers. We demonstrate changes in accessibility and dynamics of the rhomboid protease GlpG, captured within three different native lipid compositions, and identify protein regions sensitive to changes in the native lipid environment. Our results illuminate the value of this approach for distinguishing the putative role(s) of the native lipid composition in modulating membrane protein conformational dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Reading
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Zoe Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Chloe Martens
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Tabasom Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Heather Findlay
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Zainab Ahdash
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Argyris Politis
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Paula J Booth
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rehan S, Paavilainen VO, Jaakola VP. Functional reconstitution of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 into styrene maleic acid co-polymer lipid particles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1059-1065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
11
|
Villamil-Ortiz JG, Barrera-Ocampo A, Piedrahita D, Velásquez-Rodríguez CM, Arias-Londoño JD, Cardona-Gómez GP. BACE1 RNAi Restores the Composition of Phosphatidylethanolamine-Derivates Related to Memory Improvement in Aged 3xTg-AD Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:260. [PMID: 27891075 PMCID: PMC5105502 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
β-amyloid (Aβ) is produced by the β-secretase 1 (BACE1)-mediated enzymatic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein through the amyloidogenic pathway, making BACE1 a therapeutic target against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Alterations in lipid metabolism are a risk factor for AD by an unknown mechanism. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of RNA interference against BACE1 (shBACEmiR) on the phospholipid profile in hippocampal CA1 area in aged 3xTg-AD mice after 6 and 12 months of treatment compared to aged PS1KI mice. The shBACEmiR treatment induced cognitive function recovery and restored mainly the fatty acid composition of lysophosphatidylethanolamine and etherphosphatidylethanolamine, reduced the cPLA2’s phosphorylation, down-regulated the levels of arachidonic acid and COX2 in the hippocampi of 3xTg-AD mice. Together, our findings suggest, for the first time, that BACE1 silencing restores phospholipids composition which could favor the recovery of cellular homeostasis and cognitive function in the hippocampus of triple transgenic AD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier G Villamil-Ortiz
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alvaro Barrera-Ocampo
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego Piedrahita
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Gloria P Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|