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Garg SK, Sun J, Kim Y, Whiting J, Sarnaik A, Conejo-Garcia JR, Phelps M, Weber JS, Mulé JJ, Markowitz J. Dichotomous Nitric Oxide–Dependent Post-Translational Modifications of STAT1 Are Associated with Ipilimumab Benefits in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061755. [PMID: 36980641 PMCID: PMC10046641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) is FDA-approved for stage III/IV melanoma adjuvant treatment, it is not used clinically in first-line therapy, given the superior relapse-free survival (RFS)/toxicity benefits of anti-PD-1 therapy. However, it is important to understand anti-CTLA-4’s mechanistic contribution to combination anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 therapy and investigate anti-CTLA-4 therapy for BRAF-wild type melanoma cases reresected after previous adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy. Our group published that nitric oxide (NO) increased within the immune effector cells among patients with longer RFS after adjuvant ipilimumab, whereas NO increased within the immune suppressor cells among patients with shorter RFS. Herein, we measured the post-translational modifications of STAT1 (nitration-nSTAT1 and phosphorylation-pSTAT1) that are important for regulating its activity via flow cytometry and mass spectrometry approaches. PBMCs were analyzed from 35 patients undergoing adjuvant ipilimumab treatment. Shorter RFS was associated with higher pSTAT1 levels before (p = 0.007) and after (p = 0.036) ipilimumab. Ipilimumab-treated patients with high nSTAT1 levels before and after therapy in PBMCs experienced decreased RFS, but the change in nSTAT1 levels before and after ipilimumab therapy was associated with longer RFS (p = 0.01). The measurement of post-translational modifications in STAT1 may distinguish patients with prolonged RFS from ipilimumab and provide mechanistic insight into responses to ipilimumab combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh K. Garg
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - James Sun
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Junmin Whiting
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amod Sarnaik
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - José R. Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mitch Phelps
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Weber
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - James J. Mulé
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Joseph Markowitz
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-745-8581
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2
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Liu N, Mishra K, Stiel AC, Gujrati V, Ntziachristos V. The sound of drug delivery: Optoacoustic imaging in pharmacology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114506. [PMID: 35998826 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging offers unique opportunities for visualizing biological function in vivo by achieving high-resolution images of optical contrast much deeper than any other optical technique. The method detects ultrasound waves that are generated inside tissue by thermo-elastic expansion, i.e., the conversion of light absorption by tissue structures to ultrasound when the tissue is illuminated by the light of varying intensity. Listening instead of looking to light offers the major advantage of image formation with a resolution that obeys ultrasonic diffraction and not photon diffusion laws. While the technique has been widely used to explore contrast from endogenous photo-absorbing molecules, such as hemoglobin or melanin, the use of exogenous agents can extend applications to a larger range of biological and possible clinical applications, such as image-guided surgery, disease monitoring, and the evaluation of drug delivery, biodistribution, and kinetics. This review summarizes recent developments in optoacoustic agents, and highlights new functions visualized and potent pharmacology applications enabled with the use of external contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany; PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kanuj Mishra
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Andre C Stiel
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Vipul Gujrati
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (MIRMI), Technical University of Munich, Munich 80992, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Conway K, Tsai YS, Edmiston SN, Parker JS, Parrish EA, Hao H, Kuan PF, Scott GA, Frank JS, Googe P, Ollila DW, Thomas NE. Characterization of the CpG Island Hypermethylated Phenotype Subclass in Primary Melanomas. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1869-1881.e10. [PMID: 34843679 PMCID: PMC9135958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma can be lethal even if detected at an early stage. Epigenetic profiling may facilitate the identification of aggressive primary melanomas with unfavorable outcomes. We performed clustering of whole-genome methylation data to identify subclasses that were then assessed for survival, clinical features, methylation patterns, and biological pathways. Among 89 cutaneous primary invasive melanomas, we identified three methylation subclasses exhibiting low methylation, intermediate methylation, or hypermethylation of CpG islands, known as the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). CIMP melanomas occurred as early as tumor stage 1b and, compared with low-methylation melanomas, were associated with age at diagnosis ≥65 years, lentigo maligna melanoma histologic subtype, presence of ulceration, higher American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and tumor stage, and lower tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte grade (all P < 0.05). Patients with CIMP melanomas had worse melanoma-specific survival (hazard ratio = 11.84; confidence interval = 4.65‒30.20) than those with low-methylation melanomas, adjusted for age, sex, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte grade. Genes hypermethylated in CIMP compared with those in low-methylation melanomas included PTEN, VDR, PD-L1, TET2, and gene sets related to development/differentiation, the extracellular matrix, and immunity. CIMP melanomas exhibited hypermethylation of genes important in melanoma progression and tumor immunity, and although present in some early melanomas, CIMP was associated with worse survival independent of known prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Dermatology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Yihsuan S Tsai
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sharon N Edmiston
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eloise A Parrish
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Honglin Hao
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pei Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Glynis A Scott
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jill S Frank
- Department of Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Googe
- Department of Dermatology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David W Ollila
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy E Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Barbosa AM, Gomes-Gonçalves A, Castro AG, Torrado E. Immune System Efficiency in Cancer and the Microbiota Influence. Pathobiology 2021; 88:170-186. [PMID: 33588418 DOI: 10.1159/000512326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in preventing cancer development and progression. However, the complex network of cells and soluble factor that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) can dictate the differentiation of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and shift the antitumor immune response into promoting tumor growth. With the advent of cancer immunotherapy, there has been a reinvigorated interest in defining how the TME shapes the antitumor immune response. This interest brought to light the microbiome as a novel player in shaping cancer immunosurveillance. Indeed, accumulating evidence now suggests that the microbiome may confer susceptibility or resistance to certain cancers and may influence response to therapeutics, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. As we move forward into the age of precision medicine, it is vital that we define the factors that influence the interplay between the triad immune system-microbiota-cancer. This knowledge will contribute to improve the therapeutic response to current approaches and will unravel novel targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Barbosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Gomes-Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António G Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal,
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5
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Li C, Zhang Q, Li Z, Feng S, Luo H, Liu R, Wang L, Geng Y, Zhao X, Yang Z, Li Q, Yang K, Wang X. Efficacy and safety of carbon-ion radiotherapy for the malignant melanoma: A systematic review. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5293-5305. [PMID: 32524777 PMCID: PMC7402834 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanomas (MMs) were the fifth most common cancer in men and the sixth most common cancer in women in 2018, respectively. These are characterized by high metastatic rates and poor prognoses. We systematically reviewed safety and efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for treating MMs. Eleven studies were eligible for review, and the data showed that MM patients showed better local control with low recurrence and mild toxicities after CIRT. Survival rates were slightly higher in patients with cutaneous or uveal MMs than in those with mucosal MMs. CIRT in combination with chemotherapy produced higher progression-free survival rates than CIRT only. In younger patients, higher rates of distant metastases of gynecological MMs were observed. The data indicated that CIRT is effective and safe for treating MMs; however, a combination with systemic therapy is recommended to ensure the best possible prognosis for MMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Lanzhou Heavy Ions HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Zheng Li
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Shuangwu Feng
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hongtao Luo
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Lina Wang
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yichao Geng
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xueshan Zhao
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Zhen Yang
- Basic Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence‐Based Medicine CenterSchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- The First School of Clinical MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Lanzhou Heavy Ions HospitalLanzhouChina
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6
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Abstract
Patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma have varied clinical courses, even in patients with similar disease characteristics. We examine the impact of initial stage of melanoma diagnosis, BRAF status of primary melanoma, and receiving adjuvant therapy on postmetastatic overall survival (pmOS). We studied melanoma patients presenting to Perlmutter Cancer Center at New York University and prospectively enrolled in New York University melanoma biospecimen database and followed up on protocol-driven schedule. Patients were stratified by stage at initial melanoma diagnosis as per AJCC 7th ed. guidelines. pmOS was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratios (HRs). Three hundred and four out of 3204 patients developed metastatic disease over the time of follow-up (median follow-up 2.2 years, range: 0.08-35.2 years). Patients diagnosed with stage I (n=96) melanoma had longer pmOS (29.5 months) than those diagnosed with stage II (n=99, pmOS 14.9 months) or stage III (n=109, pmOS 15.1 months) melanoma (P=0.036). Initial stage of diagnosis remained significant in multivariate analysis when controlling for lactate dehydrogenase and site of metastases [primary diagnosis stage II (HR 1.44, P=0.046), stage III (HR 1.5, P=0.019)]. Adjuvant treatment was associated with better survival but BRAF mutation status did not show an association. Our data challenge the general assumption that primary melanomas converge upon diagnosis of metastatic disease and behave uniformly. Primary stage of melanoma at the time of diagnosis may be prognostic of outcome, similar to lactate dehydrogenase and metastatic disease sites.
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7
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Suarez-Kelly LP, Levine KM, Olencki TE, Del Campo SEM, Streacker EA, Brooks TR, Karpa VI, Markowitz J, Bingman AK, Geyer SM, Kendra KL, Carson WE. A pilot study of interferon-alpha-2b dose reduction in the adjuvant therapy of high-risk melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:619-629. [PMID: 30725205 PMCID: PMC6447692 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena P Suarez-Kelly
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, N924 Doan Hall 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210-1228, USA
| | - Kala M Levine
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, N924 Doan Hall 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210-1228, USA
| | - Thomas E Olencki
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Taylor R Brooks
- Division of Rheumatology and Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Volodymyr I Karpa
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, N924 Doan Hall 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210-1228, USA
| | - Joseph Markowitz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, N924 Doan Hall 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210-1228, USA
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anissa K Bingman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Susan M Geyer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kari L Kendra
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William E Carson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, N924 Doan Hall 410 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210-1228, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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8
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Abstract
The study of cytokines has evolved from the detection of functional activities present in tissue culture supernatants to the characterization of the three-dimensional molecular structures of the cytokines and their receptors. Investigators studying cytokines need to have specialized expertise in using cytokine assays, assessing their receptor interactions, signal transduction, gene activation, and biological effects, and in the therapeutic utilization of agonists and antagonists. Cytokinology can therefore be considered a discipline. In this article, I have considered studies leading to the identification of novel cytokines, potential producers of cytokine mimics such as viruses and the microbiome, and the complex interactions of the cytokine network with our vital functions. Our ever-increasing success in using cytokines and, in particular, cytokine inhibitors therapeutically suggest that cytokinology will eventually become an independent discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost J Oppenheim
- Cellular Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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9
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Efficacy of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Combined with IFN- α in Chinese Resected Stage III Malignant Melanoma. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:1092507. [PMID: 28913367 PMCID: PMC5585573 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1092507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to explore the efficacy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) along with interferon-α (IFN-α) to treat stage III malignant melanoma (MM) patients in China. Methods Between May 2010 and October 2014, 77 patients of stage III MM who underwent surgery were collected in this study. These patients were divided into two groups: patients who received TIL + IFN-α ± RetroNectin-activated cytokine-induced killer cells (R-CIK) in Arm 1 (n = 27) and IFN-α ± R-CIK in Arm 2 (n = 50) as adjuvant therapy. The primary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) time and DFS rates measured at time points of 1, 2, and 3 years. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) rates measured at time points of 1, 2, 3, and 5 years as well as OS as evaluated by Kaplan-Meier. Results Our results indicated that the median DFS and OS in Arm 1 were significantly better than those in Arm 2. The data also demonstrated that DFS rate and OS rates in Arm 1 were significantly better than those in Arm 2 at all measured time points. Conclusion Patients who undergo surgical excision of stage III MM appear to enjoy prolonged DFS and OS when treated with TIL + IFN-α compared to IFN-α alone.
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10
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Hayashi Y, Kawakubo-Yasukochi T, Mizokami A, Hazekawa M, Yakura T, Naito M, Takeuchi H, Nakamura S, Hirata M. Uncarboxylated Osteocalcin Induces Antitumor Immunity against Mouse Melanoma Cell Growth. J Cancer 2017; 8:2478-2486. [PMID: 28900485 PMCID: PMC5595077 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the poor response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, new treatment approaches by immune-based therapy involving activated T cells are required for melanoma. We previously reported that the uncarboxylated form of osteocalcin (GluOC), derived from osteoblasts, potentially suppresses human prostate cancer cell proliferation by direct suppression of cell growth. However, the mechanisms in vivo have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that GluOC suppressed tumor growth of B16 mouse melanoma transplants in C57Bl/6N wild-type mice. Our data demonstrated that GluOC suppressed cell growth by downregulating phosphorylation levels of receptor tyrosine kinases and inducing apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, stimulation of primary mouse splenocytes with concanavalin A, a polyclonal T-cell mitogen, in the presence of GluOC increased T cell proliferation and their interferon-γ production. Taken together, we demonstrate that GluOC exerts multiple antitumor effects not only in vitro, but also in vivo through cellular immunostimulatory effects against B16 mouse melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Kawakubo-Yasukochi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Immunological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizokami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mai Hazekawa
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Tomiko Yakura
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Munekazu Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Pharmacology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
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11
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Arozarena I, Wellbrock C. Targeting invasive properties of melanoma cells. FEBS J 2017; 284:2148-2162. [PMID: 28196297 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is a skin cancer notorious for its metastatic potential. As an initial step of the metastatic cascade, melanoma cells part from the primary tumour and invade the surrounding tissue, which is crucial for their dissemination and the formation of distant secondary tumours. Over the last two decades, our understanding of both, general and melanoma specific mechanisms of invasion has significantly improved, but to date no efficient therapeutic strategy tackling the invasive properties of melanoma cells has reached the clinic. In this review, we assess the major contributions towards the understanding of the molecular biology of melanoma cell invasion with a focus on melanoma specific traits. These traits are based on the neural crest origin of melanoma cells and explain their intrinsic invasive nature. A particular emphasis is given not only to lineage specific signalling mediated by TGFβ, and noncanonical and canonical WNT signalling, but also to the role of PDE5A and RHO-GTPases in modulating modes of melanoma cell invasion. We discuss existing caveats in the current understanding of the metastatic properties of melanoma cells, as well as the relevance of the 'phenotype switch' model and 'co-operativity' between different phenotypes in heterogeneous tumours. At the centre of these phenotypes is the lineage commitment factor microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, one of the most crucial regulators of the balance between de-differentiation (neural crest specific gene expression) and differentiation (melanocyte specific gene expression) that defines invasive and noninvasive melanoma cell phenotypes. Finally, we provide insight into the current evidence linking resistance to targeted therapies to invasive properties of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Arozarena
- Cancer Signalling Group, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
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12
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Aung PP, Nagarajan P, Prieto VG. Regression in primary cutaneous melanoma: etiopathogenesis and clinical significance. J Transl Med 2017; 97:657-668. [PMID: 28240749 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Though not required currently for staging, regression is a histopathologic parameter typically reported upon diagnosis of an invasive primary cutaneous melanoma. The studies examining the prognostic significance of regression in patient outcome have yielded controversial findings; likely because the definition and assessment of regression have not been consistent, in addition to subjectivity of pathologists' interpretation. Regression is histologically characterized by variable decrease in the number of melanoma cells accompanied by the presence of a host response consisting of dermal fibrosis, inflammatory infiltrate, melanophages, ectatic blood vessels, epidermal attenuation, and/or apoptosis of keratinocytes or melanocytes; the relative extent of these features depends on the stage of the regression. However, the magnitudes to which these individual changes must be present to meet the threshold of histologic regression have not been well defined or agreed upon, and thus, the definition and classification of histologic regression in melanoma varies considerably among institutions and even among individual pathologists. In order to determine the clinical significance of histologic analysis of regression, there is a compelling need for a universal scheme to objectively define and assess histologic regression in primary cutaneous melanoma, so that the biologic and prognostic significance of this process may be completely understood.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 27 February 2017; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2017.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyu P Aung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Dillman RO, Nistor GI, Cornforth AN. Dendritic cell vaccines for melanoma: past, present and future. Melanoma Manag 2016; 3:273-289. [PMID: 30190899 PMCID: PMC6094661 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Administering dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAA) ex vivo is a promising strategy for therapeutic vaccines in advanced melanoma. To date the induction of immune responses to specific TAA has been more impressive than clinical benefit because of TAA limitations, suboptimal DC and possibly immune-checkpoint inhibition. Various products, antigen-loading techniques, treatment schedules, routes of administration and adjunctive agents continue to be explored. Biologic heterogeneity suggests autologous tumor as the optimal TAA source to induce immune responses to the entire repertoire of unique patient-specific neoantigens. Many questions remain regarding the optimal preparation of DC and strategies for antigen loading. Effective DC vaccines should result in additive or synergistic effects when combined with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Dillman
- AiVita Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 130, Clinical, Research, and Manufacturing Departments, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Gabriel I Nistor
- AiVita Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 130, Clinical, Research, and Manufacturing Departments, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Andrew N Cornforth
- AiVita Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 130, Clinical, Research, and Manufacturing Departments, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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Lino-Silva LS, Domínguez-Rodríguez JA, Aguilar-Romero JM, Martínez-Said H, Salcedo-Hernández RA, García-Pérez L, Herrera-Gómez Á, Cuellar-Hubbe M. Melanoma in Mexico: Clinicopathologic Features in a Population with Predominance of Acral Lentiginous Subtype. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:4189-4194. [PMID: 27401447 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic features of melanoma in México as the demographics of melanoma are not well known in Mexican and Latin American people. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1219 patients with cutaneous melanoma were analyzed through a retrospective database collected from a cancer referral institute, and the results were compared with developed countries. RESULTS Median age was 57 years, and 713 (58.5 %) were females. The most common melanoma subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), which was observed in 538 (44.1 %) patients. Median Breslow thickness was 5.2 mm. Among 837 patients with complete data, the 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 52.3 %. Factors associated with worse DSS on univariate analysis were Breslow thickness (p < 0.001), recurrence (p < 0.001), ulceration (p < 0.001), positive margin (p < 0.001), ALM (p = 0.001), and male sex (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated Breslow thickness [hazard ratio (HR) 1.45, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.27-1.65; p < 0.001], positive margin (HR 1.25, 95 % CI 1.03-1.57; p = 0.018), recurrence (HR 9.56, 95 % CI 6.89-9.87; p = 0.002), ALM (HR 8.07, 95 % CI 6.77-8.95; p = 0.004), and male sex (HR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.06-1.68; p = 0.013) as independent risk factors for DSS. CONCLUSION Our patients had worse prognosis compared with data from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We found male sex and ALM as independent risk factors for worse survival, in addition to known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S Lino-Silva
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - José M Aguilar-Romero
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor Martínez-Said
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa A Salcedo-Hernández
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ángel Herrera-Gómez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Cuellar-Hubbe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
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