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Pei Q, Zhao Q, Lang C, Feng S, Meng J, Tan G, Cui W, Zhang C, Luo X, Xu L, Chen J. Alleviating Severe Cytoskeletal Destruction of Spinal Motor Neurons: Another Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Spinal Cord Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1456-1468. [PMID: 38472087 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment remains a major challenge. Spinal motor neurons (MNs) are seriously injured in the early stage after SCI, but this has not received sufficient attention. Oxidative stress is known to play a crucial role in SCI pathology. Our studies demonstrated that oxidative stress can cause severe damage to the cytoskeleton of spinal MNs. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to have beneficial effects on SCI, but the mechanism remains unclear, and no study has investigated the effect of DHA on oxidative stress-induced spinal MN injury. Here, we investigated the effect of DHA on spinal MN injury through in vivo and in vitro experiments, focusing on the cytoskeleton. We found that DHA not only promoted spinal MN survival but, more importantly, alleviated the severe cytoskeletal destruction of these neurons induced by oxidative stress in vitro and in mice with SCI in vivo. In addition, the mechanisms involved were investigated and elucidated. These results not only suggested a beneficial role of DHA in spinal MN cytoskeletal destruction caused by oxidative stress and SCI but also indicated the important role of the spinal MN cytoskeleton in the recovery of motor function after SCI. Our study provides new insights for the formulation of SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Pei
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Qiurong Zhao
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Chunhui Lang
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Shilong Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Juanjuan Meng
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Guangjiao Tan
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Xiaohe Luo
- Central laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
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Torfadottir JE, Ulven SM. Fish - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10485. [PMID: 38571914 PMCID: PMC10989230 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to conduct evidence-based documentation between fish intake and health outcomes for food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) 2023. For most health outcomes, the evidence for fish oil and n-3 long chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation was included when examining evidence between fish intake and health. In this review, conclusions from qualified systematic reviews (qSR) approved by NNR2023 are included. In addition, conclusions of a de novo systematic reviews on the topic of n-3 LC-PUFA, asthma, and allergy are included. Finally, a systematic literature search was performed limited to systematic reviews and meta-analysis published between 2011 and September 2021. In total, 21 papers from the systematic literature search, four qSR, and eight reports were included addressing the association between fish intake, fish oil, and n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation on several health outcomes. These included cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, cancers (colorectal, breast, and prostate), metabolic syndrome, obesity, mortality, cognition and mental health, pregnancy-related outcomes (preterm birth and birth weight), and outcomes specific for children (neurodevelopment, and risk of food allergies, and asthma). In addition, intermediate risk factors such as blood lipids, glucose, C-reactive protein, and blood pressure were reviewed. Based on current evidence, fish consumption can have beneficial effects to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke incidence, and lower mortality from CVD, CHD, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke, as well as total mortality risk. In addition, fish consumption is beneficial for preventing cognitive decline in adults (e.g. dementia and Alzheimer's disease). Fish intake may also prevent metabolic syndrome, supported by an observed association between fish intake and reduction in plasma triglycerides and increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Data from fish oil and n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation studies supports the conclusions on the effects of fish consumption on most of the health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E. Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Directorate of Health, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Ferreira DM, de Oliveira NM, Chéu MH, Meireles D, Lopes L, Oliveira MB, Machado J. Updated Organic Composition and Potential Therapeutic Properties of Different Varieties of Olive Leaves from Olea europaea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:688. [PMID: 36771772 PMCID: PMC9921517 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Olea europaea L. folium merits further exploration of the potential of its substrates for therapeutic supplements. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted on samples of Madural, Verdeal, and Cobrançosa elementary leaves and leaf sprouts (mamões) collected in the region of Valpaços, Portugal. Organic analysis assessed the moisture content, total carbohydrates, ash, protein, and fat contents, total phenolic content (TPC), vitamin E, and fatty acid (FA) profiles. Moisture content was determined through infrared hygrometry and TPC was determined by a spectrophotometric method. Concerning organic analysis, all leaf samples showed similar moisture content, though Cobrançosa's leaf sprouts and Verdeal's elementary leaves had slightly lower contents. Meanwhile, these cultivars also showed a higher TPC, α-tocopherol isomer, and fatty acid composition (FAC). FAC in all samples exhibited higher contents of PUFA and SFA than MUFA, with a predominance of linolenic and palmitic acids. Organic analyses of Cobrançosa's leaf sprouts and Verdeal's elementary leaf extracts allow for the prediction of adequate physiological properties regarding neuroinflammatory, neurobehavioral, metabolic, cardiovascular, osteo-degenerative, anti-ageing, pulmonary, and immunological defense disorders. These physiological changes observed in our preliminary in silico studies suggest an excellent nutraceutical, which should be borne in mind during severe pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Melo Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália M. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar—ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Biosciences in Integrative Health—CBSin, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Chéu
- RECI—Research Unit in Education and Community Intervention, Instituto Piaget—ISEIT, 3515-776 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Diana Meireles
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar—ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lara Lopes
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar—ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Biosciences in Integrative Health—CBSin, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Beatriz Oliveira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE—Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar—ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Biosciences in Integrative Health—CBSin, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
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Zhou L, Xiong JY, Chai YQ, Huang L, Tang ZY, Zhang XF, Liu B, Zhang JT. Possible antidepressant mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids acting on the central nervous system. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:933704. [PMID: 36117650 PMCID: PMC9473681 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can play important roles in maintaining mental health and resistance to stress, and omega-3 PUFAs supplementation can display beneficial effects on both the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders. Although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, accumulated evidence indicates that omega-3 PUFAs can exhibit pleiotropic effects on the neural structure and function. Thus, they play fundamental roles in brain activities involved in the mood regulation. Since depressive symptoms have been assumed to be of central origin, this review aims to summarize the recently published studies to identify the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying the anti-depressant effects of omega-3 PUFAs. These include that of (1) anti-neuroinflammatory; (2) hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; (3) anti-oxidative stress; (4) anti-neurodegeneration; (5) neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity; and (6) modulation of neurotransmitter systems. Despite many lines of evidence have hinted that these mechanisms may co-exist and work in concert to produce anti-depressive effects, the potentially multiple sites of action of omega-3 PUFAs need to be fully established. We also discussed the limitations of current studies and suggest future directions for preclinical and translational research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zhou
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yao Xiong
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qian Chai
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yang Tang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zhang
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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5
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Attenuates Uremia-Induced Brain Damage in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111802. [PMID: 34769231 PMCID: PMC8583921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cause of neurological disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been completely identified yet, recent papers have identified accumulated uremic toxin as its main cause. Additionally, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) plays an important role in maintaining normal nerve function, but its protective effects against uremic toxin is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify brain damage caused by uremic toxicity and determine the protective effects of ω-3 PUFA against uremic toxin. We divided mice into the following groups: wild-type (wt) sham (n = 8), ω-3 PUFA sham (n = 8), Fat-1 sham (n = 8), ischemia-reperfusion (IR) (n = 20), and ω-3 PUFA+IR (n = 20) Fat-1+IR (n = 20). Brain tissue, kidney tissue, and blood were collected three days after the operation of mice (sham and IR operation). This study showed that Ki67 and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) decreased in the brain of uremic mice as compared to wt mice brain, but increased in the ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and the brain of uremic Fat-1 mice as compared to the brain of uremic mice. The pro-apoptotic protein expressions were increased, whereas anti-apoptotic protein expression decreased in the brain of uremic mice as compared to wt mice brain. However, apoptotic protein expression decreased in the ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and the brain of uremic Fat-1 mice as compared to the brain of uremic mice. Furthermore, the brain of ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and uremic Fat-1 mice showed increased expression of p-PI3K, p-PDK1, and p-Akt as compared to the brain of uremic mice. We confirm that uremic toxin damages the brain and causes cell death. In these injuries, ω-3 PUFA plays an important role in neuroprotection through PI(3)K-Akt signaling.
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Kim C, Livne-Bar I, Gronert K, Sivak JM. Fair-Weather Friends: Evidence of Lipoxin Dysregulation in Neurodegeneration. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1801076. [PMID: 31797529 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxins (LXs) are autacoids, specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) acting locally in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. They belong to a complex superfamily of dietary small polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-metabolites, which direct potent cellular responses to resolve inflammation and restore tissue homeostasis. Together, these SPM activities have been intensely studied in systemic inflammation and acute injury or infection, but less is known about LX signaling and activities in the central nervous system. LXs are derived from arachidonic acid, an omega-6 PUFA. In addition to well-established roles in systemic inflammation resolution, they have increasingly become implicated in regulating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. In particular, chronic inflammation plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology, and dysregulated LX production and activities have been reported in a variety of AD rodent models and clinical tissue samples, yet with complex and sometimes conflicting results. In addition, reduced LX production following retinal injury has been reported recently by the authors, and an intriguing direct neuronal activity promoting survival and homeostasis in retinal and cortical neurons is demonstrated. Here, the authors review and clarify this growing literature and suggest new research directions to further elaborate the role of lipoxins in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Izhar Livne-Bar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Karsten Gronert
- School of Optometry, Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720
- Infectious Disease and Immunity, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Jeremy M Sivak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
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Morera LP, Marchiori GN, Medrano LA, Defagó MD. Stress, Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mini-Review. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1226. [PMID: 31780892 PMCID: PMC6861179 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, an unhealthy diet and insufficient physical activity are the leading global risks to health. Dietary behavior is a modifiable factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Furthermore, the fact that cardiovascular events and stress-related emotional disorders share a common epidemiology may indicate the existence of pathways linking these two diseases (Chauvet-Gelinier and Bonin, 2017). Psychosocial stress can lead to changes in dietary patterns (DP) and under chronic stress conditions, high caloric and hyperpalatable foods are preferred. The interplay between these two factors impacts on several biological pathways: for example, it can prime the hippocampus to produce a potentiated neuroinflammatory response, generating memory deficits; it can also affect gut microbiota composition, ultimately influencing behavior and brain health and creating a predisposition to the development of diseases such as obesity, CVD, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Though both cognition and emotion can be heavily affected by caloric intake, diet composition and stress, the molecular pathways involved remain elusive (Spencer et al., 2017). In this review, we describe the interplay between stress and DP at a molecular level, and how these factors relate to brain health and mental fitness. Finally, we show how these findings could give rise to novel therapeutic targets for chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Pedro Morera
- Instituto de Organizaciones Saludables, Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Georgina Noel Marchiori
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Adrián Medrano
- Instituto de Organizaciones Saludables, Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Pyschology, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | - María Daniela Defagó
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Cagigal C, Silva T, Jesus M, Silva C. Does Diet Affect the Symptoms of ADHD? Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:130-136. [PMID: 30255748 DOI: 10.2174/1389201019666180925140733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric diagnosis in childhood and adolescence, with an estimated worldwide-pooled prevalence of 5,29%. The type of treatment depends on several factors. Psychopharmacological treatment entails undesirable side effects, with unclear long-term benefits, which has led the scientific community to investigate other therapeutic approaches, such as dietary interventions. METHOD The authors conducted a classical review on the current treatment recommended in individuals with ADHD diagnosis, their dietary patterns, as well as dietary factors possibly implicated in the etiology and treatment of this disorder. An extensive bibliographic research was carried out in the databases PubMed, The Cochrane Library and the National Guideline Clearinghouse. DISCUSSION The most common dietary interventions in the case of ADHD are food supplementation diets (e.g. PUFAs, vitamins) and elimination diets. Supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs lacks further studies that can validate them as an effective therapeutic approach in this disorder. Also, regarding vitamin supplementation, studies are not consistent as to their role in the etiology of ADHD. Elimination diets are unclear as to the benefits provided in individuals with ADHD. Children with ADHD are less likely to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors than non-ADHD youth. CONCLUSION There is no clear evidence that supports dietary interventions for the treatment of ADHD. The effects of unhealthy diet patterns in ADHD individuals are not yet fully understood and, like the general population, children with ADHD may benefit from a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Cagigal
- Department of Psychiatry, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tánia Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Jesus
- Department of Psychiatry, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
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Heller M, Gemming L, Tung C, Grant R. Oxidation of fish oil supplements in Australia. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:540-550. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1542666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Heller
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, Australia
- University of Sydney, Nutrition and Dietetics Group, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke Gemming
- University of Sydney, Nutrition and Dietetics Group, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chin Tung
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Derbyshire E. Brain Health across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review on the Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1094. [PMID: 30111738 PMCID: PMC6116096 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is the most significant and complex organ of the human body. Increasingly, we are becoming aware that certain nutrients may help to safeguard brain health. An expanse of research has investigated the effects of omega fatty acids in relation to brain health but effects across the lifespan have not been widely evaluated. The present systematic review collated evidence from 25 randomized controlled trials (n = 3633) published since 2013. Compared with control groups, omega-3 supplementation generally correlated with improvements in blood biomarkers. Subsequently, these appear to benefit those with lower baseline fatty acid levels, who are breastfeeding or who have neuropsychiatric conditions. Whilst multiple studies indicate that omega fatty acids can protect against neurodegeneration in older adults, more work is needed in the years preceding the diagnosis of such medical conditions. Bearing in mind the scale of ageing populations and rising healthcare costs linked to poor brain health, omega supplementation could be a useful strategy for helping to augment dietary intakes and support brain health across the lifespan. Ongoing research is now needed using harmonious methodologies, supplement dosages, ratios and intervention periods to help formulate congruent conclusions.
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Combination of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Valproic Acid in Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Follow-Up Study. Clin Drug Investig 2018; 38:367-372. [PMID: 29302857 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-017-0617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Some evidence of efficacy has been found for omega-3 fatty acids in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). In a previous 12-week randomized trial we assessed the efficacy of the combination of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with valproic acid, in comparison with valproic acid monotherapy, in 43 BPD outpatients. Combined therapy was superior to valproic acid monotherapy (the control group) in the treatment of some BPD symptoms: impulsive-behavioral dyscontrol, outbursts of anger, and self-harm. The present study is a 24-week follow-up aimed at evaluating whether the differences in efficacy between the two subgroups were maintained after discontinuation of omega-3 fatty acids. METHODS Thirty-four patients who completed the 12-week trial entered the follow-up study. Participants were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the follow-up period using the rating scales that showed a significant difference between the groups after the 12-week trial with fatty acids supplementation: the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index (BPDSI) (items 'impulsivity' and 'outbursts of anger'), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Version 11 (BIS-11), and Self Harm Inventory (SHI). Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. RESULTS At the end of the follow-up a significant difference within groups was maintained for all four variables examined, while a significant difference between groups was maintained for outbursts of anger. Concerning tolerability, no clinically significant adverse effects were registered during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Combined therapy with omega-3 fatty acids showed long-lasting effects after discontinuation in terms of anger control. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) and allocated the code: ACTRN12612001150831.
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12
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Clement-Carbonell V, Ferrer-Cascales R, Zaragoza-Martí A, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Fernández-Alcántara M, Cabañero-Martínez MJ. Effects of lifestyles and the Mediterranean diet on elderly people’s quality of life according to gender / Efectos de los estilos de vida y la dieta mediterránea en la calidad de vida en personas mayores en función del género. STUDIES IN PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2018.1494679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Fernández-Alcántara
- Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Universidad de Alicante
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada
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Lange KW. Dietary factors in the etiology and therapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:464-469. [PMID: 28832371 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of dietary factors in the etiology and therapy of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Relevant literature published from January 2016 to January 2017 was included in this review. RECENT FINDINGS Unhealthy prenatal diet may be associated with ADHD in the offspring through an increase in epigenetic changes. The few-foods diet may have some efficacy, but requires further investigation before firm conclusions can be drawn. The efficacy of the supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the therapy of ADHD is probably small and may be confined to patient subgroups. It is unclear whether vitamin deficiency plays a role in the etiology of ADHD. SUMMARY There is no clear evidence supporting a role of food or nutrient-based intervention strategies in the etiology and therapy of ADHD. The investigation of the inter-relationship between diet and other lifestyle interventions may be a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W Lange
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Li H, Yang Q, Han X, Tan X, Qin J, Jin G. Low-dose DHA-induced astrocyte proliferation can be attenuated by insufficient expression of BLBP in vitro. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 134:114-122. [PMID: 28917610 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is involved in a wide range of cellular processes in human cells. Brain lipid binding protein (BLBP) exhibits a high affinity for n-3 PUFAs, especially DHA, but the precise functional contributions of DHA and BLBP in astrocytes are not clear. We analyzed cell viability and the ratio of Ki67 positive cells after manipulating DHA and/or BLBP levels in cultured astrocytes, and found that low-dose DHA stimulated proliferation of astrocytes, whereas this proliferative effect could be attenuated by downregulation of BLBP. Moreover, we found that astrocyte proliferation was directly regulated by BLBP independently of DHA. Taken together, low-dose DHA-induced astrocyte proliferation was disturbed by insufficient BLBP; and besides acting as a fatty acid transporter, BLBP was also involved in the proliferation of astrocytes directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Li
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Inflammatory Microenviroment, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Xinglin College, Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Inflammatory Microenviroment, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xuefeng Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Inflammatory Microenviroment, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Inflammatory Microenviroment, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Inflammatory Microenviroment, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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