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Vashistha R, Dangi AK, Kumar A, Chhabra D, Shukla P. Futuristic biosensors for cardiac health care: an artificial intelligence approach. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:358. [PMID: 30105183 PMCID: PMC6081842 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensor-based devices are pioneering in the modern biomedical applications and will be the future of cardiac health care. The coupling of artificial intelligence (AI) for cardiac monitoring-based biosensors for the point of care (POC) diagnostics is prominently reviewed here. This review deciphers the most significant machine-learning algorithms for the futuristic biosensors along with the internet of things, computational techniques and microchip-based essential cardiac biomarkers for real-time health monitoring and improving patient compliance. The present review also discusses the recently developed cardiac biosensors along with technical strategies involved in their mechanism of working and their applications in healthcare. Additionally, it provides a key for the ontogeny of an effective and supportive hierarchical protocol for clinical decision-making about personalized medicine through combinatory information analysis, and integrated multidisciplinary AI approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Vashistha
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Arun Kumar Dangi
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi, Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi, Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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Ghanbari F, Nasarzadeh P, Seydi E, Ghasemi A, Taghi Joghataei M, Ashtari K, Akbari M. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction induced by single- and multiwall carbon nanotubes: A comparative study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2047-2055. [PMID: 28296041 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in health-related and engineering applications, the hazardous risks of this material have become a major concern. It is well known that CNTs accumulate with cytotoxic and genotoxic levels within vital organs. It has also been shown that treating cell cultures with CNTs resulted in cell-cycle arrest and increased apoptosis/necrosis. The goal of this pilot study is to perform a comprehensive comparative study on the toxicity of single-wall (SW) and multiwall (MW) CNTs in rat skin cells. Our results confirm a dose-dependent toxicity of SWCNTs and MWCNTs due to the loss of mitochondrial activity, increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse before mitochondrial swelling. Moreover, disturbance in the oxidative phosphorylation is observed by a decrease in ATP level. These events induced the release of cytochrome c via outer membrane rupture or MPT pore opening and subsequently programmed cell death of all doses compared to control group. Our results demonstrate that although MWCNTs can be very toxic, SWCNTs cause more mitochondrial damage to the cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2047-2055, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghanbari
- Department of Chemistry, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Nasarzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Ashtari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBR), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), Victoria, Canada
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