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Transketolase promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through regulating AKT phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:99. [PMID: 35110545 PMCID: PMC8810869 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transketolase (TKT) which is an important metabolic enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) participates in maintaining ribose 5-phosphate levels. TKT is necessary for maintaining cell growth. However, we found that in addition to this, TKT can also affect tumor progression through other ways. Our previous study indicate that TKT could promote the development of liver cancer by affecting bile acid metabolism. And in this study, we discovered that TKT expression was remarkably upregulated in colorectal cancer, abnormal high expression of TKT is associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. Additionally, TKT promoted colorectal cancer cell growth and metastasis. Further study demonstrated that TKT interacted with GRP78 and promoted colorectal cancer cell glycolysis through increasing AKT phosphorylation, thereby enhancing colorectal cancer cell metastasis. Thus, TKT is expected to become an indicator for judging the prognosis of colorectal cancer, and provide a theoretical basis for drug development of new treatment targets for colorectal cancer.
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Wang N, Zhou Y, Zuo Z, Wang R, Li J, Han T, Yang B. Construction of a competing endogenous RNA network related to the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma and comprehensive analysis of the immunological correlation. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:2287-2309. [PMID: 34790393 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of the digestive system, with occult onset in the early stage, a high degree of malignancy in the late stage, and poor prognosis. At present, the pathogenesis of CCA is not clear, and there is a lack of effective immunotherapy. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential regulatory mechanism of CCA and analyze the possibility of its related immunotherapy. Methods The circular RNAs (circRNAs) expression profile data of CCA was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database; the miRNA and mRNA expression profile data of CCA were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Prognostic factors were screened by univariate Cox regression analysis, and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed via survival analysis. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to screen the independent prognostic factors and construct a prognostic correlation subnetwork. Analyzing the tumor microenvironment of CCA and survival analysis were performed according to the score of the microenvironment, and the distribution of tumor infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in CCA was calculated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. We explored the expression pattern of the target genes in pan-cancer, and the correlation between the key genes in the ceRNA subnetwork, TICs and immune checkpoints was analyzed using an online database. Finally, the expression levels of target genes were validated based on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Results We screened four circRNAs, 10 miRNAs, and 17 mRNAs with significant differences, and constructed the ceRNA network. Independent prognostic factors were screened by multivariate Cox regression analysis, and a subnetwork containing five nodes (hsa_circ_0002073→hsa-mir-4524a-3p→SLC16A3/SLC35E4/DDX4) was constructed. Further analysis showed that SLC16A3 was not only an independent posterior factor of CCA, but was also closely correlated with immune cells, immune checkpoints, and immunotherapy, and had a certain regulatory effect on the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions Our study identified a novel prognostic marker of CCA, SLC16A3, and revealed the regulatory role of SLC16A3 in the tumor microenvironment, which is expected to provide new insights for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinghui Zhou
- Jinzhou Medical University, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Training Base for Graduate, Shenyang, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhifan Zuo
- Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Liaoning Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, 967 Hospital of PLA, Dalian, China
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Brandstetter G, Blatt S, Goldschmitt J, Taylor L, Heymann P, Al-Nawas B, Ziebart T. Targeted sensitization of tumor cells for radiation through monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 inhibition in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:295-310. [PMID: 32495222 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) 1, 2 and 4 play an important role in tumor metabolism. The amount of lactate transported by MCT's highly correlates with overall survival. Furthermore, glycolysis and hypoxia are possible causes for radiation resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS An oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (CAL27, ATCC) was analyzed in an in vitro cell assay. After incubation with two different inhibitors for MCT1 (AR-C122982/SR-13800 and AR-C155858/SR-13801, Tocris) or for MCT4 (simvastatin, Sigma-Aldrich and 2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid (CHC), Tocris), cells were irradiated with six gray with a Gammacell 2000 (Nuklear Data). For analysis, cell counting assay, wound healing assay, MTT assay and clonogenic assay were applied. RESULTS Cell counting assay showed significant lower results for simvastatin, CHC and for the highest concentrations of AR-C122982 and AR-C155858 (p < 0.03). Additionally, cell counts decreased significantly with irradiation after 72 hours (p < 0.05) only for AR-C122982, CHC and simvastatin. The clonogenic assay confirmed these results with substantially reduced growth when incubated with CHC, simvastatin and AR-C155858 (p < 0.002). Furthermore, MCT1 and 4 inhibition led to highly reduced migration (p < 0.05). There again, comparing the wound healing assay of irradiated to non-irradiated tests showed contrary results (controls: p < 0.001; AR-C155858: p > 0.05; AR-C122982: p > 0.32; CHC: p > 0.1; simvastatin p > 0.1). The MTT assay presented significant effects with MCT1 and 4 inhibition (simvastatin/AR-C122982/CHC: p < 0.007). Irradiated cells showed significantly lower expression after only 48 h compared to non-irradiated cells (simvastatin/AR-C122982/CHC: p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of MCT, especially MCT4 may represent a possible tool to overcome radiation resistance in tumor cell lines. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MCT Inhibitors may be used as a possible therapeutic approach to sensitize OSCC to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Brandstetter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Blatt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jutta Goldschmitt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Louise Taylor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Heymann
- Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Ziebart
- Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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Baltazar F, Afonso J, Costa M, Granja S. Lactate Beyond a Waste Metabolite: Metabolic Affairs and Signaling in Malignancy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:231. [PMID: 32257942 PMCID: PMC7093491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To sustain their high proliferation rates, most cancer cells rely on glycolytic metabolism, with production of lactic acid. For many years, lactate was seen as a metabolic waste of glycolytic metabolism; however, recent evidence has revealed new roles of lactate in the tumor microenvironment, either as metabolic fuel or as a signaling molecule. Lactate plays a key role in the different models of metabolic crosstalk proposed in malignant tumors: among cancer cells displaying complementary metabolic phenotypes and between cancer cells and other tumor microenvironment associated cells, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and diverse immune cells. This cell metabolic symbiosis/slavery supports several cancer aggressiveness features, including increased angiogenesis, immunological escape, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Lactate transport is mediated by the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family, while another large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), not yet fully characterized in the cancer context, is involved in lactate/acidosis signaling. In this mini-review, we will focus on the role of lactate in the tumor microenvironment, from metabolic affairs to signaling, including the function of lactate in the cancer-cancer and cancer-stromal shuttles, as well as a signaling oncometabolite. We will also review the prognostic value of lactate metabolism and therapeutic approaches designed to target lactate production and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Baltazar
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Julieta Afonso
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marta Costa
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Granja
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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Parks SK, Mueller-Klieser W, Pouysségur J. Lactate and Acidity in the Cancer Microenvironment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fermentative glycolysis, an ancient evolved metabolic pathway, is exploited by rapidly growing tissues and tumors but also occurs in response to the nutritional and energetic demands of differentiated tissues. The lactic acid it produces is transported across cell membranes through reversible H+/lactate−symporters (MCT1 and MCT4) and is recycled in organs as a major metabolic precursor of gluconeogenesis and an energy source. Concentrations of lactate in the tumor environment, investigated utilizing an induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging (imBI) technique, appear to be dominant biomarkers of tumor response to irradiation and resistance to treatment. Suppression of lactic acid formation by genetic disruption of lactate dehydrogenases A and B in aggressive tumors reactivated OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) to maintain xenograft tumor growth at a halved rate. In contrast, disruption of the lactic acid transporters MCT1/4 suppressed glycolysis, mTORC1, and tumor growth as a result of intracellular acidosis. Furthermore, the global reduction of tumor acidity contributes to activation of the antitumor immune responses, offering hope for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Parks
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco
| | - Wolfgang Mueller-Klieser
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, 06189 Nice, France
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Kimura Y, Kobayashi M, Asari M, Higuchi I, Narumi K, Furugen A, Iseki K. Genetic variations in the monocarboxylate transporter genes (SLC16A1, SLC16A3, and SLC16A11) in the Japanese population. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:215-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kato Y, Maeda T, Suzuki A, Baba Y. Cancer metabolism: New insights into classic characteristics. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2017; 54:8-21. [PMID: 29628997 PMCID: PMC5884251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial studies of cancer metabolism in the early 1920s found that cancer cells were phenotypically characterized by aerobic glycolysis, in that these cells favor glucose uptake and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen. This property, called the Warburg effect, is considered a hallmark of cancer. The mechanism by which these cells acquire aerobic glycolysis has been uncovered. Acidic extracellular fluid, secreted by cancer cells, induces a malignant phenotype, including invasion and metastasis. Cancer cells survival depends on a critical balance of redox status, which is regulated by amino acid metabolism. Glutamine is extremely important for oxidative phosphorylation and redox regulation. Cells highly dependent on glutamine and that cannot survive with glutamine are called glutamine-addicted cells. Metabolic reprogramming has been observed in cancer stem cells, which have the property of self-renewal and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These findings suggest that studies of cancer metabolism can reveal methods of preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
- Corresponding author. Fax: +81 249328978.
| | - Toyonobu Maeda
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Atsuko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Yuh Baba
- Department of General Clinical Medicine, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
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Association between epidermal growth factor receptor amplification and ADP-ribosylation factor 1 methylation in human glioblastoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017. [PMID: 28631186 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent and most malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Previously, it has been found that both genetic and epigenetic factors may play critical roles in its etiology and prognosis. In addition, it has been found that the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) is frequently over-expressed and amplified in primary GBs. Here, we assessed the promoter methylation status of 10 genes relevant to GB and explored associations between these findings and the EGFR gene amplification status. METHODS Tumor samples were obtained from 36 patients with primary GBs. In addition, 6 control specimens were included from patients who were operated for diseases other than brain tumors. The amplification status of the EGFR gene, and its deletion mutant EGFRvIII, were evaluated using FISH and MLPA, respectively. The IDH1/2 gene mutation status was verified using Sanger sequencing. A commercial DNA methylation kit was used to assess the promoter methylation status of 10 pre-selected genes. Metabolic profiles were measured using HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy. The EGFR and ARF1 mRNA expression levels were quantified using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Of the 10 genes analyzed, we found that only ARF1 promoter hypermethylation was significantly associated with EGFR gene amplification. ARF1 is a GTPase that is involved in vesicle trafficking and the Golgi apparatus. Subsequent tumor metabolism measurements revealed a positive association between EGFR amplification and different membrane precursors and methyl-donor metabolites. Finally, we found that EGFR gene amplifications were associated with distinct tumor infiltration patterns, thus representing a putative novel functional association between EGFR gene amplification and ARF1 gene promoter methylation in GB. CONCLUSIONS The results reported here provide a basis for a new hypotheses connecting EGFR gene amplification in GB cells with ARF1 gene promoter methylation, vesicle trafficking, membrane turnover and tumor metabolism. The mechanism(s) underlying these connections and their functional consequences remain to be established.
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