Wei Y, Zhang SH. Abiostress resistance and cellulose degradation abilities of haloalkaliphilic fungi: applications for saline-alkaline remediation.
Extremophiles 2017;
22:155-164. [PMID:
29290045 DOI:
10.1007/s00792-017-0986-3]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soda saline-alkaline lands are significantly harmful to agriculture; thus, effective strategies to remediate such soil are urgently needed. Multiple negative factors exist in the community structure of saline-alkaline fields, among which the lack of fungal species diversity remains the most prominent problem. The haloalkaliphilic fungi are a unique group of extremophiles that grow optimally under conditions of extreme salinity and alkalinity; these fungi, which buffer salinity and alkalinity by absorbing and/or constraining salt ions, produce organic acids and/or macromolecules, secrete macromolecules such as cellulose degradation enzymes, and provide biomass that is beneficial for soil health. Considering that haloalkaliphilic fungi are a valuable genetic resource of resistance and degradation genes, these fungi are expected to be applied in biotechnology. Aspergillus glaucus exhibits high resistance to a variety of stressors and the ability to degrade crop straw; and it is a practical genetic tool that can be used to identify and validate genes involved in abiotic stress resistance and cellulose decomposition genes. This review will focus on the following aspects: isolation of extreme haloalkaliphilic fungi, fungal genes involved in salt and alkalinity resistance, macromolecule degrading enzymes, applications for genetic improvement of haloalkaliphilic fungi, and application of haloalkaliphilic fungi in saline-alkali soil mycoremediation.
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