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Silvestri MC, Ortiz AM, Robledo GA, Lavia GI. Chromosome diversity in species of the genus Arachis, revealed by FISH and CMA/DAPI banding, and inferences about their karyotype differentiation. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191364. [PMID: 32901677 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The species of the genus Arachis (Leguminosae) are ordered into nine sections. The assignment of genome types in this genus has been based on cross-compatibility analysis and molecular cytogenetic studies. The latter has also allowed karyotypically establishing well-defined genomes and reassigning the genome of several species. However, most of these studies have been focused mainly on the sections Arachis and Rhizomatosae. To increase the knowledge about the chromosome diversity of the whole genus, here we performed a detailed karyotype characterization of representative species of most of the sections and genomes of Arachis. This characterization included chromosome morphology, CMA/DAPI chromosome banding, and chromosome marker localization (rDNAloci and one satDNA sequence) by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Based on the data obtained and other previously published data, we established the karyotype similarities by cluster analysis and defined eleven karyotype groups. The grouping was partly coincident with the traditional genome assignment, except for some groups and some individual species. Karyotype similarities among some genomes were also found. The main characteristics of each karyotype group of Arachis were summarized. Together, our results provide information that may be beneficial for future cytogenetic and evolutionary studies, and also contribute to the identification of interspecific hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- MarÍa C Silvestri
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE, Fac. Cs. Agrarias), Sargento Cabral 2131, C.C. 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Alejandra M Ortiz
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE, Fac. Cs. Agrarias), Sargento Cabral 2131, C.C. 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - GermÁn A Robledo
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE, Fac. Cs. Agrarias), Sargento Cabral 2131, C.C. 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, UNNE, Av. Libertad 5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Graciela I Lavia
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE, Fac. Cs. Agrarias), Sargento Cabral 2131, C.C. 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, UNNE, Av. Libertad 5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
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Ortiz AM, Robledo G, Seijo G, Valls JFM, Lavia GI. Cytogenetic evidences on the evolutionary relationships between the tetraploids of the section Rhizomatosae and related diploid species (Arachis, Leguminosae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:791-807. [PMID: 28536982 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhizomatosae is a taxonomic section of the South American genus Arachis, whose diagnostic character is the presence of rhizomes in all its species. This section is of particular evolutionary interest because it has three polyploid (A. pseudovillosa, A. nitida and A. glabrata, 2n = 4x = 40) and only one diploid (A. burkartii, 2n = 2x = 20) species. The phylogenetic relationships of these species as well as the polyploidy nature and the origin of the tetraploids are still controversial. The present study provides an exhaustive analysis of the karyotypes of all rhizomatous species and six closely related diploid species of the sections Erectoides and Procumbentes by cytogenetic mapping of DAPI/CMA heterochromatin bands and 5S and 18-26S rDNA loci. Chromosome banding showed variation in the DAPI heterochromatin distribution pattern, which, together with the number and distribution of rDNA loci, allowed the characterization of all species studied here. The bulk of chromosomal markers suggest that the three rhizomatous tetraploid species constitute a natural group and may have at least one common diploid ancestor. The cytogenetic data of the diploid species analyzed evidenced that the only rhizomatous diploid species-A. burkartii-has a karyotype pattern different from those of the rhizomatous tetraploids, showing that it is not likely the genome donor of the tetraploids and the non-monophyletic nature of the section Rhizomatosae. Thus, the tetraploid species should be excluded from the R genome, which should remain exclusively for A. burkartii. Instead, the karyotype features of these tetraploids are compatible with those of different species of the sections Erectoides and Procumbentes (E genome species), suggesting the hypothesis of multiple origins of these tetraploids. In addition, the polyploid nature and the group of diploid species closer to the tetraploids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Marcela Ortiz
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), CC 209, Sargento Juan Bautista Cabral 2131, 3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Av. Libertad 5000, 3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Germán Robledo
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), CC 209, Sargento Juan Bautista Cabral 2131, 3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Av. Libertad 5000, 3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Seijo
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), CC 209, Sargento Juan Bautista Cabral 2131, 3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Av. Libertad 5000, 3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina
| | | | - Graciela Inés Lavia
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), CC 209, Sargento Juan Bautista Cabral 2131, 3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Av. Libertad 5000, 3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina
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