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Wang D, Hao X, Jia L, Jing Y, Jiang B, Xin S. Cellular senescence and abdominal aortic aneurysm: From pathogenesis to therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:999465. [PMID: 36187019 PMCID: PMC9515360 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.999465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As China’s population enters the aging stage, the threat of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) mainly in elderly patients is becoming more and more serious. It is of great clinical significance to study the pathogenesis of AAA and explore potential therapeutic targets. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the pathogenesis of AAA from the perspective of cellular senescence: on the basis of clear evidence of cellular senescence in aneurysm wall, we actively elucidate specific molecular and regulatory pathways, and to explore the targeted drugs related to senescence and senescent cells eliminate measures, eventually improve the health of patients with AAA and prolong the life of human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Longyuan Jia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuchen Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Shijie Xin,
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Kumari R, Jat P. Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence: Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645593. [PMID: 33855023 PMCID: PMC8039141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 205.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that can be triggered in normal cells in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, as well as developmental signals. Senescence is considered to be a highly dynamic, multi-step process, during which the properties of senescent cells continuously evolve and diversify in a context dependent manner. It is associated with multiple cellular and molecular changes and distinct phenotypic alterations, including a stable proliferation arrest unresponsive to mitogenic stimuli. Senescent cells remain viable, have alterations in metabolic activity and undergo dramatic changes in gene expression and develop a complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Cellular senescence can compromise tissue repair and regeneration, thereby contributing toward aging. Removal of senescent cells can attenuate age-related tissue dysfunction and extend health span. Senescence can also act as a potent anti-tumor mechanism, by preventing proliferation of potentially cancerous cells. It is a cellular program which acts as a double-edged sword, with both beneficial and detrimental effects on the health of the organism, and considered to be an example of evolutionary antagonistic pleiotropy. Activation of the p53/p21WAF1/CIP1 and p16INK4A/pRB tumor suppressor pathways play a central role in regulating senescence. Several other pathways have recently been implicated in mediating senescence and the senescent phenotype. Herein we review the molecular mechanisms that underlie cellular senescence and the senescence associated growth arrest with a particular focus on why cells stop dividing, the stability of the growth arrest, the hypersecretory phenotype and how the different pathways are all integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Kumari
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Parmjit Jat
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
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Wang PF, Qiu HY, He Y, Zhu HL. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors for cancer therapy: a patent review (2015 - 2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:795-805. [PMID: 32945222 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1825686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) along with their upstream/downstream components are pivotal regulators for the cell cycle progression. The dysfunction of CDK4/6 is the common feature and promoting factor in various cancer types. In-depth research on CDK4/6 inhibitors has afforded therapeutic agents, while new challenges and ideas are emerging concomitantly. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on patent publications related to CDK4/6 inhibitors which could be utilized for anti-cancer purposes during the period 2015-2019. EXPERT OPINION The increasingly comprehensive and thorough understanding of CDK4/6 inhibitors facilitates them to break through the current limitations. Hence the utilization of CDK4/6 inhibitors for cancer therapy in the near future is likely to be performed in diverse forms and for distinct purposes. Selectivity over kinases is still crucial to new agent development but shall be prudently dealt with. The gradually revealing of resistance and adverse events proposed another issue that calls for new tackling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Yue Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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